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简介：Sincethemiddle1990s,ecotourismcertificationhasbeengivenmoreandmoreattentiontoaroundtheworld.Asadevelopingcountrywithabundantecotourismproducts,itisnecessaryforChinatoadoptcertificationtoensuresustainabledevelopmentofecotourism.ButtherearefewproductscertificateduntilnowinChina.Afterreviewingthetrendofecotourismcertificationintheworldandsummarizingitstheoryandmethod,thispaperanalyzestheprogressandprospectofecotourismcertificationinChina,andconcludesthatcertificationinChinaisnecessaryandpromising.

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简介：Involuntaryresettlementcausedbyprojectconstructionisadifficultproblemovertheworld.Inthepast,therestorationoflivelihoodsintheeventofinvoluntaryresettlementhasbeenbasedpurelyonprovidingcompensationtothosewhoaredisplaced.Evidencehasshownthatcompensation-basedinvoluntaryresettlementcannotrealizetheobjectiveofrestoringandimprovingresettlers'livingstandard.Withaviewtoimprovethisoutcome,thecon-ceptofResettlementwithDevelopment(RwD)wasenvisagedandisnowgenerallyheraldedasthemeanstomitigatethecatastrophicfailuresofthepast.However,fewdevelopingcountrieshaveincludedtheconceptofRwDintotheirnationalpoliciesandChinaisoneofthem.TheChinesegovernmenthastakenresettlementasanopportunitytohelpresettlersrestoreandimprovetheirlivingstandardsanddevelopeconomyinreservoirareasbyimplementingRwDpolicyincludinggivingcompensationandsubsidiesatearlystageandofferingproductionassistanceatlatestage,settingupreservoirconstructionfund,initiatingpartnershipprogramsandpreferentialpolicyaswellasenhancinginfrastructureconstruction.ThepreliminaryexperiencefromtheTGPresettlementhasverifiedthatthetransformationfromcompensation-basedresettlementtoRwDisarightpolicychoice.Meanwhile,becauseofthechangingpoliticalenvironmentandthecomplexityofinvoluntaryresettlementthereisstillroomforChinatoimproveitsRwDpolicy.

简介：Thispaperhasorganizedandsummarizedtheeconomicanalysisonclimatechangefromfiveangles,namely,connotationofdiscountrate,identificationofanddisputeaboutdiscountrate,discountingway,impactofthediscountrate,andtheintegratedevaluationmodelofclimatechangeimpactandthediscountevaluation.Astheclimatechangeeconomicanalysisshows,thereisamajordisputeaboutdiscountratebetweenthemarketschoolandtheethicschool.Rateofdiscountlargelyrelatestothepresentvalueofpotentiallossattributabletoclimatechange,andtheninfluencestheselectionofpoliciesforadaptingandslowingdownclimatechange.Inthepast,theconstantindexdiscountwasadoptedasthemainway.Butwiththefullunderstandingofdiscountrate,theuncertaintyoflossattributabletoclimatechangehasbeenconsideredinthediscount.

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简介：Theperi-urbanizationareaasakindofrural-urbaninterfaceischangingrapidly,inphysical,economic,andsocialterms.Thelandusepatterninsuchareaisshiftingawayfromtheassumptionsofmainstreamparadigmstonewconceptuallandscapes,whichleadstoaseriesofproblemsoneconomicdevelopmentandsocialstabilization.Therearemanyresearchesonnon-agriculturalland-useinperi-urbanizationarea.Inthispaperbothinternationalanddomesticresearchliteratureisreviewedbydividingsixparts.Thefirstpartintroducestheconceptionofperi-ur-banizationareaanditsdriverfactors.ThenInthesecondandthethirdpart,thepaperexpatiatesontheprogressinthenon-agriculturalland-useinperi-urbanareaonland-usepattern,evolution,characteristics,problems,etc.Theforthpartfocusesonthereasonsthatcausetheland-useproblemsintheresearcharea,whilethefifthpartreviewstheintegratingwaysofnon-agriculturalland-use.Finally,recommendationsforfurtherstudyaredrawwithspecificreferencetothecurrentandfuturepositionofnon-agriculturalland-usestudyinperi-urbanarea.