简介：Afterthe1992UNConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopmentinRiodeJaneiro,theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeenwidelyrecognizedallovertheworld.Morethan100countries,includingChina,haveadoptedsustainabledevelopmentstrategiesaccordingwiththeirownsituations.For20years,

简介：FormulatingtheGSDRFormulatingtheGSDR(globalsustainabledevelopmentreport)isoneoftheimportantachievementsinitiatedbythe"Rio+20"summit,andithasreceivedworldwideattention.Nowadays,theinternationalcommunityhasmadeapreliminaryconsensusontheorientation,keyfocuses,frameworks,andtimescheduleofGSDR.But,therearestillgreatdivergencesintherelationshipbetweenGSDRandSDGs/post-MDGs(sustainabledevelopmentgoals/post-2015developmentagenda),theGSDRorganizationalmodel,andwhethercountrieswritingtheirownnationalsustainabledevelopmentreportornot.AfterreviewingthewholeprocessofformulatingGSDR,somerecommendationsforwritingGSDRfromtheChineseperspectiveareproposed.TheGSDRreportshouldbeascience-basedandpolicy-making-orientedassessmentreport.TheGSDRshouldfocusonthepriorityareasthatSDGs/post-MDGshavealreadyidentifiedascorefields."Limitedinnumber,easytoquantify,anduniversallyapplicable"comprehensiveassessmentindicesofsustainabledevelopmentshouldbeproposed.AGSDRinternationalworkinggroupofexpertsshouldbeestablished.Countriesshouldbeencouragedtoformulatethe"NationalSustainableDevelopmentReport"accordingtotheirowndomesticpractices.GSDRshouldbeintegratedwiththehigh-levelpoliticalforum(HLPF).Meanwhile,somesuggestionsonChina’sparticipationintheGSDRprocessarealsoproposed.China’s2030mid-termandlong-termnationalsustainabledevelopmentgoals(CSDGs)basedonboththeSDGs/post-MDGsanddomesticpracticeareproposed.Accordingtotheimplementationofnationalsustainabledevelopmentgoals,Chinashouldstarttheappropriateassessmentoftheprogressandregularlyreportonthenationalsustainabledevelopment.ChinesescientistsshouldbeencouragedtoactivelyparticipateintheprocessofGSDR.

简介：Inresponsetothe'isolatedisland'phenomenonemergingfromthedevelopmentoftouristresortsinChina,thispaperreviewsthestudyofenclavetourismoverseas,whichhassimilarfeaturestotheresort'island'.BasedontheliteraturesrelatedtoenclavetourismfromTourismManagementandAnnalsofTourismResearch,thispaperreviewsthestudyofenclavetour-ismfromthefollowingaspects:definitiondiscussion,theoriesused,causationofenclaves,characteristicsandimpactsofenclavetourism.TheunderstandingoftheoverseasresearchesonenclavetourismwouldprovideinstructionsforthestudyontheproblemsofChineseresorts,suchasenclavityand'islandeffects',andsuggestmeasuresforthesustainabledevelopmentofresortsinChina.Thispaperisdividedintothreesections.Section1brieflyintroducesthedevelopmentofenclavetourismindevelopingcountriesandtheoutlineofenclavetourismstudy.Section2elaboratesonthecontentsofenclavetourismresearchandgivesdeepinsightsintothestudyonconcepts,characteristics,causationsandeffectsrespectively,whichisthekeypartofthispaper;Section3concludesthereviewandproposessuggestionsfortheenclavetourismstudyinChina.

简介：Thispapersummarizes,fromaglobalperspective,themajorprogressintheimplementationoftheAgenda21sincetheUNConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopment.Theresultsshowthatglobaleconomyhasachievedasubstantialgrowth,andpositiveprogresshasbeenmadeinpovertyeradication,urbanization,andconservationandintensiveuseofnaturalresources.However,relevantinternationalconventionsandcommitmentshavenotyetbeencompletelyfulfilled.Thepaperfurtheranalyzesthecurrentmajorchallengesandfuturetrendsofglobalsustainabledevelopment.Itisarguedthattherearethreemajorchallenges:1)fatalglobalenvironmentalissuesposinganincreasingthreattohumansurvival;2)moreandmoresevereglobalcompetitionfordevelopingspaces;and3)issueshighlightingglobalpeople'slivelihood.Therearefourtrendsofglobalsustainabledevelopment:1)sustainabledevelopmentwillfurtherturnfromconceptintoglobalaction;2)greenwillbethemaintrendofglobaldevelopment;3)emergingdevelopingcountrieswillbecomethemaindrivingforceofglobalsustainabledevelopment;and4)internationalrelationsinthefieldofsustainabledevelopmentwillturntocompetitiveco-operation.

简介：Strategicenvironmentalassessment(SEA)inChinahasdevelopedrapidlysinceitwasintroducedintoChinainthe1990s.ChinesegovernmentpromulgatedtheEnvironmentalImpactAssessmentLawofChina(hereinafterreferredtoastheEIALaw)in2002.Inthislaw,itisstipulatedclearlythatregionalandsectorplansshouldbeassessed.Throughinvestigatingmaterialsandanalyzingliteratures,thisarticleanalysesthepracticalandacademicstudyachievementsofSEAinChinathathavebeenachievedsincetheEIALawwasimplemented,probesintothecurrentsituationofthemainlevelofSEAinChina-planEIA,thensummarizesthedevelopmentcharacteristics,andeventually,putsforwardthedevelopmenttrendsofSEAinChina.TheresearchconclusionscanofferthefoundationsforcomprehendingsystematicallytheprogressofSEAinChina.

简介：Chinahaswitnessedrapideconomicdevelopmentsince1978,andduringthetime,energyproductionandconsumptiondevelopedatatremendousspeedaswell.EnergyefficiencywhichcanbemeasuredbyenergyconsumptionperunitofGDP,however,experiencedcontinuousdecrease.Theoretically,thechangeofenergyefficiencycanbeattributedtoindustrystructuralchangeandtechnologicalchange.InordertoexplainthetransformationofChineseenergyefficiency,weadoptlogarithmicmeanDivisiaindextechniquestodecomposechangesinenergyintensityintheperiodof1994-2005.Wefindthattechnologicalchangeisthedominantcontributorinthedeclineofenergyintensity,butthecontributionhasdeclinedsince2001.Thechangeinindustrystructurehasdecreasedtheenergyintensitybefore1998,butraisedtheintensityafter1998.Decomposedtechnologicaleffectsforallsectorsindicatethattechnologicalprogressesinhighenergyconsumingindustriessuchasrawchemicalmaterialsandchemicalproducts,smeltingandpressingofferrousmetals,manufactureofnon-metallicmineralproductsandhouseholdcontributearetheprincipaldriversofChina'sdecliningenergyintensity.

简介：Thispaperreviewstheprogressinclimatechangeadaptation(CCA)policiesbothundertheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC)andinmajorregionsandcountries,includingtheEUanditsmajormembercountries,theinfluentialdevelopedcountriesintheAsia-Pacificregion,theemergingeconomiesandtheleastdevelopedcountries(LDCs).TheprogressmadeinChinainCCApoliciesisalsoreviewedandcomparedwiththatinothercountries.Finally,goodinternationalpracticesareproposedforChina’spolicydevelopment.Itisfoundthatadaptationhasbeengiventhesamepriorityasmitigationsincethetwenty-firstcenturywithregardtoclimatechange-relatedactions.ThetopicsrelatedtoadaptationintheinternationalclimatechangenegotiationsundertheUNFCCChaveevolvedfrommechanismsforfinanceandtechnologydevelopmentandtransferexclusivelyintheearlystagestoimplementationofpracticaladaptationprogramsandactions.Since2006,majordevelopedanddevelopingcountrieshavefrequentlysetforwardspecificCCApoliciesorgeneralclimatechangepoliciesinvolvingadaptationintheformoflaws,frameworks,strategies,andplans.TheLDCshavealsobeenworkingonNationalAdaptationProgrammesofActionandsubsequentNationalAdaptationPlanswiththesupportfromthefinancialmechanismsundertheUNFCCC.Therefore,globally,ithasbecomeacommonpracticetodevelopnationalorregionalpoliciestoplanandguideCCAactions.Chinahasestablishedclimatechangepoliciesinvolvingadaptationatthenational,regional,andsectoriallevelssince2007.However,thesepolicieshavestronglimitationsintheirknowledgebase,strategicpositioning,contents,andimplementationmechanisms,e.g.lackofasoundknowledgebase,aninternationalperspective,clearresponsibilitiesforpolicyimplementation,andappropriatemonitoringandevaluationmechanisms.ItisrecommendedthatChinashouldfurtherstrengthenitstechnicalcapabilitiesinclimatechangeprojectionsaswellasimpact,vulnerabil