简介：Internationalcooperationtoaddressclimatechangenowstandsatacrossroads.WithanewinternationalregimeforemissionsreductionestablishedbytheDurbanPlatform,"NewClimateEconomics(NCE)"hasbecomearesearchhotspot.Theneedforurgentactiontocombatclimatechangehasprompteddiscussiononreformsofeconomicgrowthpatternsandtheenergysystem.Theindustrialcivilization,therefore,nowfacesatransitiontowardsanewpathwayforecologicalsustainability.NCEexploresneweconomicconcepts,theories,andanalyticalmethodstodesignabalancedpathwayforsustainablegrowthandemissionreduction.Insteadofgettingtrappedindiscussionsonallocationofemissionreductionresponsibilitiesandobligationsamongcountries,NCEpaysmoreattentiontodevelopingwin-winmultilateralcooperationmechanismsthatfacilitatecollaborativeR&Dandknowledgesharing.Inaddition,NCEstudiesincentivesforlow-carbontransition,turningcarbonemissionreductionintoadomesticneedforcountriestoincreasetheirinternationalcompetitiveness.Toachievethe2°Ctarget,mostcountriesaroundtheworldfacechallengesofinsufficientemissionallowancestocoverexpectedemissionsassociatedwiththeirprojectedeconomicgrowth.Ascarbonemissionsrightsbecomesanincreasinglyscarceresource,increasingthecarbonproductivityoftheeconomyturnstobethecriticalpathtoaddressthedilemmaofgreenorgrowth.NCEstudiesthehistoricalevolutionofcarbonproductivityforcountriesatdifferentdevelopmentstagesaswellaswaystoenhancesuchcarbonproductivity.Thistypeofstudyprovidesinvaluablelessonsforemergingeconomiestoreachtheirownemissionpeakswithoutlosingthemomentumofgrowth.Replacingfossilfuelswithnewandrenewableenergyhasproventobeaninevitablechoiceforreshapingtheenergysystemandaddressingclimatechange-ithasalreadybecomeaglobaltrend.NCEstudiesincentivesfornewenergytechnologyinnovationanddeploymentprovidedbycarbonpricing,andshedsligh

简介：Thevulnerableeco-areaisoneoftheimportantresearchtargetsinthefieldofsustainabledevelopment.Itistherequirementofbuildingawell-offsocietyinanall-roundwaythatweshouldstudymoreonthevulnerableeco-areas,dealwiththerelationshipbetweenenvironmentalprotectionandeconomicdevelopment,speeduptheeconomicdevelopmentintheseareasandincreasethelivingstandardofthelocalpeople.Thispaperputsforwardthecountermeasuresofenvironment---economycoordination,onthebasisoftherecognitionofeco-environmentfeaturesandsocialeconomicconditionsinthevulnerableeco-areasofChina,inviewoftheprogressinsustainabledevelopmentstudiesofthevulnerableones,takingthetransitionalareasoffarmingandpasturinginnortheastChinaasanexampletostudytheregionalenvironmentvulnerability.

简介：Circularagricultureisanessentialwaytorealizethepositiverecyclingofecologyandharmoniousdevelopmentofthecountryconstruction.ThesustainabledevelopmentofBeijing'smountainareasdependsonthebackgroundandorientationofecologicaleconomy.Beijing'smountainareasbeartheresponsibilityofprotectingtheecologicalsafetyofthewholeBeijingdistrictandalsotheexplorationofcircularagricultureinmountainareasisveryimportanttopromotethesustainableuseofagricultureresources.Beijing'smountainareashavepossessedsomepracticalexperienceinrecyclingagriculturedevelopment.Throughsummarizingthedevelopmentmodeandanalyzingthedevelopmentpractice,thearticleputsforwardthreekeysegmentsofpromotingBeijingcircularagriculturedevelopment:strengthenpropagate,developsuperiorityandbuiltmanagementmechanism.

简介：Withtheincreaseofglobalpopulation,grain-populationrelationshiphasattractedgreatattentionworldwide.InChina,grain-populationrelationshiphasbecomeanincreasinglyimportanteconomicconcern.OfcentralimportancetothefoodsecuritydebateinChinaisthegeographyofgrainsupplyanddemand.Thispaperusesagraindemandandsupplyindex(DSR)toanalyzethespatial-temporalrelationshipbetweenpopulationandgraininChinafrom1949to2007atnationalandprovincialscales.Theresultsareexaminedinthreeperiods.(1)From1949to2007,withtheincreaseofgrainproduction,therelationshipbetweenpopulationandgrainofChinaimprovedconsiderably.(2)Overthepast35years(1970-2005),onthewholethegrainproducingareashavehadgrainsurplusandcontributedtothenationbyprovidinggrain,buttheabilitytoprovidesufficientgrainisnotstable.(3)Overthepast15years(1990-2005),decreasesinplantingareabroughtpressureonnationalgrainfoodsecurity.Thepaperconcludesthatthekeytoprovidingmorefoodforthemainfoodproducingprovincesisincreasingyieldonthebasisofsteadyplantarea.

简介：ThisarticleattemptstoexaminetheinfluenceofsomeselectedpredictorvariablesonfemaleageatfirstmarriageinslumareasofBangladesh.Apathandmultipleclassificationanalysis(MCA)approachhavebeenadopted.Authorsthoughtthatrespondent'seducationallevelandthemassmediasuchaswatchingtelevisionhaveasignificantdirectimpactonageatmarriage,whilethetypesoffamilyandoccupationalstatushaveanindirecteffectonageatmarriage.

简介：Understandingtheconnotationandprinciplesofecologicalcompensationinwatersourcereserveareasisthebasisandguaranteeforestablishingandimprovingtheecologicalcompensationmechanismofwatersourcereserveareas.First,thispaperreviewsthethreestagesofecologicalcompensationresearchprogress.Basedonthereview,usingthetheoryofexternality,theecologicalenvironmentsystemofwatersourcereserveareasisthenanalyzed.Thispaperarguesthattheconnotationofecologicalcompensationinwatersourcereserveareasisakindofinstitutionalarrangement,whichisdesignedtointernalizeexternalities.Finally,basedontheunderstandingoftheconnotationofecologicalcompensationinwatersourcereserveareas,fiveprinciplesforestablishingandimprovingtheecologicalcompensationmechanismareproposed,includingtheprincipleoffairnessandjustice,theprincipleofequivalenceofequalityandresponsibility,theprincipleofflexibilityandeffectiveness,theprincipleof'earmarkfunds,andimplementationbylaw,'andtheprincipleofgovernmentcompensationsupplementedwithmarketcompensation.

简介：Theobjectiveofthispaperistoinvestigatetherela-tionshipsamongrural-urbanmigration,ruralhouseholdincomeandsustainabledevelopmentinruralareasofChina.Thetypicalcasestudyisdoneand288questionnairesarecollectedfromfivevillagesinHebeiandGuangxiprovinces,China.Themigrationandremittancestatus,householdincomeandsustainabledevel-opmentofruralareasareanalyzedonthebasisofquestionnaires.Rural-urbanmigrationisbecomingapartofroutinelifeinruralareas.Andremittanceisanimportantcomponentinruralhouse-holdincome.Rural-urbanmigrationincreasesthearablelandareaperlabor,whichreleasesthetighthuman-landrelationshipinvillages.Intotal,themigrationincreasestheruralhouseholdin-comeandacceleratesthesustainabledevelopmentofruralareas.

简介：Withtherapidchangesofdemographicandsocio-economicstructure,variousecologicalandenvironmentalproblemshaveemergedinperi-urbanareas.Studiesonthecorrelationbetweensocio-economicdevelopmentandeco-environmentalpreservationareinadequate.Thispaperanalyzesthelandscapepatternofperi-urbanareastoaddressthisissue.First,itstudiesthedifferentiationofeconomicdevelopmentlevelsinBeijingperi-urbanareas.Then,itexploresthecorrelationbetweeneconomicdevelopmentlevelofeachtownanditslandscapepatternusingPearsonCorrelationandgradedifferenceindices.Furthermore,itsummarizestheproblemswithincurrentlandscapepattern.Threeconclusionsaredrawnfromtheanalysis:(1)onthewhole,theeconomicde-velopmentlevelinBeijingperi-urbanareasbasicallymatcheswithlandscapepattern;(2)landscapecontagiondegreedecreaseswiththegrowthofeconomicdevelopmentlevelinasmuchas30%ofBeijingperi-urbanareas.Thisisanirrationalphenomenonaccord-ingtoourjudgment;(3)landscapefragmentationgradesinmorethanhalfofthetownsarehigherthantheireconomicdevelopmentgrades,suggestingthatattentionshouldbepaidtoexcessivefragmentationoflanduse.

简介：Usingruralsurveydatafortheyear2009,weprovideevidenceofworkchoicesofrurallaborersinecologicallyvulnerableareasinNorthChina,andmodelthesechoicesasafunctionofcharacteristicsofindividuals,households,andlandendowments.Thefindingsreveallargedifferencesbetweenmalesandfemales,andbetweennon-farmemploymentandpart-timefarmingengagementLandscarcityisstillanimportantdrivingfactorinnon-farmingparticipationofrurallaborersinthestudyarea;andinthecurrentcaseoflandproductivityandthetotalamountofland,therearestillsurplusrurallaborforcesinthestudyarea.Diversificationoflivelihoodreducesthepressureonland,thusfacilitatingecosystemconservation.So,thepaperconcludeswiththeargumentthatestablishingcoordinationmechanismsamongnon-farmemploymentofrurallaborers,agriculturalproduction,andrestorationofecosystemsareessentialformitigatingtheconflictsofecologicalsecurity,agriculturalproduction,andruraldevelopmentinmisarea.

简介：Whileanalyzingoverallplanningandcoordinateddevelopmentofurban-ruralareas,thispapershowsthatoverallplanningforthedevelopmentofurban-ruralareasisarequirementforthebestuseofproductiveforces.Itmeansthesettingupofapolicymechanismforcoordinatedgrowth.Recognizingthis,thegovernmentshouldsetupawaytoleadandmanageaunifiedprogramtoincreaseserviceanddecreasecontrollingadministrationpower,whilesafeguardingandfulfillingthefarmers'ownershiptothemeansofproduction.