简介：Thebesttrackdataoftropicalcyclones(TCs)providedbyRegionalSpecializedMeteorologicalCenter(RSMC)TokyofortheSouthChinaSea(SCS)from1977to2007areemployedtostudythespatiotemporalvariations(foraperiodof12hours)andtherapid(slow)intensification(RI/SI)ofTCswithdifferentintensity.Themainresultsareasfollows.(1)Overthisperiod,thetropicalstorms(TSs)andseveretropicalstorms(STSs)mostlyintensifyoraresteadywhilethetyphoons(TYs)mostlyweaken.ThestrongeraTCisinitially,themoreobservationofitsintensificationandthelessitsvariabilitywillbe;themoreobservationofitsweakeningis,thelargeritsvariabilitywillbe.(2)TheTCintensifiesthefastestat0000UTCwhileweakeningthefastestat1200UTC.(3)Intheintensifyingstate,TSs,STSs,andTYsaremainlyactiveinthenortheastern,central-eastern,andcentralSCSrespectively.TheweakeningcasesmainlydistributeoverwaterseastoffHainanIslandandVietnamandwestoffthePhilippines.SomecasesofTSsandSTSsweakenoverthecentralSCS.(4)TheRIcasesformfarthersouthincontrasttotheSIcases.TheRIcasesareobservedinregionswherethereareweakerverticalshearandeasterlycomponentsat200hPa.TheRIcasesalsohavestrongermid-andlower-levelwarm-corestructureandsmallerradiiof15.4m/swinds.TheSIcaseshaveslightlyhigherSST.

简介：ThecropmodelWorldFoodStudies(WOFOST)wastunedandvalidatedwithmeteorologicalaswellaswinterwheatgrowthandyielddataat24stationsin5provincesofNorthChinafrom1997to2003.Theparameterizationobtainedbythetuningwasthenusedtomodeltheimpactsofclimatechangeonwinterwheatgrowthforallstationsusinglong-termweatherdatafrom1950to2000.Twosimulationsweremade,onewithallmeteorologicaldata(rainfed)andtheotherwithoutwaterstress(potential).Theresultsindicatethatthefloweringandmaturitydatesoccurred3.3and3daysearlierinthe1990sthanthatinthe1960sduetoa0.65℃temperatureincrease.Thesimulatedrainfedyieldsshowthattheaveragedroughtinducedyields(potentialminusrainfedyields)havedecreasedby9.7%overthelast50years.Thisistobecomparedwitha0.02%decreaseinyieldiftheprecipitationlimitislifted.Althoughtheprecipitationduringthegrowingseasonhasdecreasedoverthelast50years,thedroughteffectsontherainfedyieldsremainedtobepracticallyunchangedasthespringprecipitationdidnotdecreasemarkedly.

简介：Acoupled化学/动态的模型(SOCOL太阳的气候臭氧连接)被使用学习未来的影响在地区性的化学和气候上的东方中国上的提高的公司和没有x排出物。结果证明公司和没有x排出物的增加在地区性的化学上有重要效果，包括没有x，公司，O3，并且哦集中。在冬季期间，CO集中被大约10ppbv一致地在北半球增加。在夏天期间，公司的增加有地区性的分布。在东方中国附近的O3集中的变化有两个强壮的季节、空间的变化。在冬季期间，表面O3集中由大约2ppbv减少，当在夏天期间他们在东方中国由大约2ppbv增加时。公司，没有x，和O3的变化导致重要影响在上哦集中。在化学的变化，特别O3，在地区性的气候上导致重要效果。分析建议在冬季期间，表面温度减少，空气压力在中央东方的中国增加。温度和压力的变化在垂直速度生产减少。我们应该提到模型决定是粗糙的，并且当他们与测量结果相比时，计算集中通常被低估。不管多么因为这个模型是acoupled动态/化学的模型，它能在空气污染物质排出物由于变化关于气候影响提供一些有用卓见。关键词地区性的化学和气候-没有x和公司排出物-东方中国

简介：观察分析证明一个Mesoscale对流系统(MCS)发生在5月13-日142004沿着在华南的沿海的区域。在西方东方取向以内在西南的流动之中开始的MCS低级砍线。与系统联系了，在它的随后的发展阶段，没有不同旋涡发行量发展了在低级。相反，气旋的流动骚乱被观察在中间对流层。传送对流怎么开始发展并且演变为MCS？与观察分析和数字模拟，这个问题被学习了。高分辨率的MM5模拟证明沿着在西方的华南的沿海的线和附近的山的那地志的集中起一个重要作用开始MCS传送对流。曾经，传送对流发生，由于加热的冷凝作用，在先存在之间的一个合作相互作用当系统继续移动eastward.Compared到一些典型MCS时，中间水平的骚乱和传送对流被创造，它可以极大地在时期期间影响MCS开发发生在南部的中国，它通常伴有区分特征的调查MCS表演的气旋的涡度，开发和进化的向上的开发。在这篇文章，为增强负责的物理机制中间--水平骚乱被讨论，并且在MCS组织上的发展解释中间水平的骚乱的效果的一个观点被建议。

简介：TheInternationalCentreforTheoreticalPhysics(ICTP,Italy)RegionalClimateModelversion3.0(RegCM3)isusedtosimulatespatio-temporaldistributioncharacteristicsandradiativeforcing(RF)oforganiccarbon(OC)aerosolsinandaroundChina.ThepreliminarysimulationresultsshowthatOCaerosolsaremostlyconcentratedintheareatothesouthofYellowRiverandeastofTibetanPlateau.ThereisadecreasingtrendofcolumnburdenofOCaerosolsfromsouthtonorthinChina.ThemaximumvalueofcolumnburdenofOCaerosolsisabove3mg/m2andlocatedinthecentralandsouthernChina,southeasternTibet,andsouthwesternChina’sYunnan,Guizhou,Sichuanprovinces.ThesimulationontheseasonalvariationshowsthatthemaximumvalueofcolumnburdenofOCaerosolsappearsinwinterandthesecondaryvalueisinspringandtheminimuminsummer.TheRFofOCaerosolswhichvariesseasonallyisnegativeatthetopoftheatmosphere(TOA)andsurface.Thespatio-temporalcharacteristicsoftheRFofOCaerosolsarebasicallyconsistentwiththatofIPCC,implyingthehighaccuracyoftheparameterizationschemeforOCaerosolsinRegCM3.

简介：Usingthehigh-qualityobservedmeteorologicaldata,changesofthethermalconditionsandprecipitationovertheNorthChinaPlainfrom1961to2009wereexamined.Trendsofaccumulatedtemperatureandnegativetemperature,growingseasonduration,aswellasseasonalandannualrainfallsat48stationswereanalyzed.Theresultsshowthattheaccumulatedtemperatureincreasedsignificantlyby348.5℃dayduetoglobalwarmingduring1961-2009whiletheabsoluteaccumulatednegativetemperaturedecreasedapparentlyby175.3℃day.Thestartofgrowingseasondisplayedasignificantnegativetrendof-14.3daysduring1961-2009,buttheendofgrowingseasondelayedinsignificantlyby6.7days.Asaresult,thelengthofgrowingseasonincreasedby21.0days.Theannualandautumnrainfallsdecreasedslightlywhilesummerrainfallandsummerrainydaysdecreasedsignificantly.Incontrast,springrainfallincreasedslightlywithoutsignificanttrends.AlltheresultsindicatethatthethermalconditionswereimprovedtobenefitthecropgrowthovertheNorthChinaPlainduring1961-2009,andthedecreasingannualandsummerrainfallshadnodirectnegativeimpactonthecropgrowth.ButthedecreasingsummerrainfallwaslikelytoinfluencethewaterresourcesinNorthChina,especiallytheundergroundwater,reservoirwater,aswellasriverrunoff,whichwouldhaveinfluencedtheirrigationofagriculture.

简介：影响中国的台风(市民)的气候的特征在这份报纸被分析。主要特征包括：(1)市民季节是5月11月，特别从7月到9月。(2)CIT的频率在1951-2004期间显示出一个减少的趋势，特别在1960年代的迟了的时期以后。(3)强壮的市民也显示出一个明显的减少趋势。同时，在那里存在在CIT开始的明显的interdecadal变化，比在1980年代的正常向北方并且向西比在1960s-1970s，和更多的正常更向南方、东方。另外，在市民之间的相互关系和它的环境因素证明市民与海表面温度和东方亚洲夏天季风有靠近的关系；经常的市民年里的发行量的结构在很少发生的市民年里与那不同。

简介：关联分析被用来在中国和东方亚洲夏天季风(EASM)上学习在春天土壤潮湿之间的关系。EASM在西南中国和黄河的大拐弯区域上与春天土壤潮湿有强壮的积极关联，这被显示出。一个标准土壤潮湿索引(SMI)用二个区域的观察土壤潮湿被定义。结果证明SMI与EASM有强壮的关联。年强壮(弱)SMI与被联系更强壮(更弱)夏天季风循环。在强壮的SMI的年里，向西和平的副热带的高度在位置向北方多并且在紧张更弱；westerlies地区也是到北方的更多。所有这些让EASM循环向北方移动并且引起降雨带重定位到诺思中国和东北中国。SMI能在东方中国上反映夏天降雨异例的变化。在强壮的SMI的年里，降雨带主要在China.However的northem部分上被定位，在弱年期间，夏天降雨带大部分被定位在上中间--并且更低--长江的活动范围。另外，SMI有伪4-6年和伪的明显的摆动2年。而且，否定SMI比积极SMI更好预言EASM。

简介：Theimpactsofsoilmoisture(SM)onheavyrainfallandthedevelopmentofMesoscaleConvectionSystems(MCSs)areinvestigatedthrough24-hnumericalsimulationsoftwoheavyrainfalleventsthatoccurredrespectivelyon28March2009(Case1)and6May2010(Case2)oversouthernChina.ThenumericalsimulationswerecarriedoutwithWRFanditscoupledNoahLSM(LandSurfaceModel).First,comparativeexperimentsweredrivenbytwodifferentSMdatasourcesfromNCEP-FNLandNASA-GLDAS.Secondary,withtherundrivenbyNASA-GLDASdataasacontrolone,aseriesofsensitivitytestswithdifferentdegreeof(20%,60%)increaseordecreaseintheinitialSMwereperformedtoexaminetheimpactofSMonthesimulations.Comparativeexperimentresultsshowthatthe24-hsimulatedcumulativerainfalldistributionsarenotsubstantiallyaffectedbytheapplicationofthetwodifferentSMdata,whiletheprecipitationintensityischangedtosomeextent.ForecastskillscoresshowthatsimulationwithNASA-GLDASSMdatacanleadtosomeimprovement,especiallyintheheavyrain(芏50mm)forecast,wherethereisupto5%increaseintheTSscore.SensitivitytestanalysisfoundthatapredominantlypositivefeedbackofSMonprecipitationexistedinthesetwoheavyraineventsbutnotwithcompletelythesamefeatures.Organizationoftheheavyrainfall-producingMCSseemstohaveanimpactonthefeedbackprocessbetweenSMandprecipitation.ForCase1,theMCSwaspoorlyorganizedandoccurredlocallyinlateafternoon,andtheincreaseofSMonlycausedaslightenhancementofprecipitation.Driersoilwasfoundtoresultinanapparentdecreaseofrainfallintensity,indicatingthatprecipitationismoresensitivetoSMreduction.ForCase2,astheheavyrainwascausedbyawell-organizedMCSwithsustainedprecipitation,therainfallismoresensitivetoSMincrease,whichbringsmorerainfall.Additionally,distinctivefeedbackeffectswereidentifiedfromdifferentstagesanddifferentorganizationofMCS,withstr

简介：BasedontheTropicalCyclone(TC)YearbooksdataandJRA-25reanalysisdatafromtheJapanMeteorologicalAgency(JMA)during1979-2008,dynamiccompositeanalysisandcomputationofkineticenergybudgetareusedtostudytheintensifyingandweakeningTCsduringExtratropicalTransitionoverChina.TheTCIshowsstrongupper-leveldivergence,strengthenedlow-levelconvergenceandsignificantlyenhancedupwardmotionundertheinfluenceofstrongupper-leveltroughsandhigh-leveljets.TheTCIiscorrespondinglyintensifiedafterExtratropicalTransition(ET);TCWexhibitsstrongupper-leveldivergence,subduedlow-levelconvergenceandslightlyenhancedupwardmotionundertheinfluenceofweakupper-leveltroughsandhigh-leveljets.ItthenweakensafterET.Theincrease(decrease)ofthegenerationofkineticenergybydivergencewindinTCI(TCW)atlowlevelisoneofthemajorreasonsforTCI’sintensification(TCW’sweakening)aftertransformation.Thegenerationofkineticenergybydivergencewindiscloselyrelatedtothedevelopmentofalow-levelbaroclinicfrontalzone.ThegrowthofthegenerationofkineticenergybyrotationalwindinTCIatupperlevelisfavorableforTCI’smaintenance,whichisaffectedbystrongupper-leveltroughs.ThedissipationofthegenerationofkineticenergybyrotationalwindinTCWatupperlevelisunfavorableforTCW’smaintenance,whichisaffectedbyweakupper-leveltroughs.

简介：基于观察分析，七个数字实验被设计由NCARCCM3在东方中国和相关物理机制上在夏天降水上学习和平的SSTA的影响。数字模拟结果证明在自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流区域的前面的冬季SSTA由在东方亚洲和中间高度的纬度上修改大气的一般循环在长江山谷上导致夏天降水异例。向西和平的副热带的高度被在中间和东方上先于春天SSTA显著地影响。赤道太平洋；在相应时期的中间的纬度的中央区域的SSTA引起在东方中国上的夏天降雨异例以便触发大气的欧亚大陆和平的电视连接模式。

简介：对台风Megi(2010)的上面海洋的回答从南船座漂流和卫星TMI用数据被调查。实验用一个三维的普林斯顿海洋模型(POM)被进行估计暴风雨，它影响了西北太平洋(NWP)和华南海(SCS)。结果证明upwelling和乘火车一起为93%SST异例试验报道，在导致台风的upwelling可以引起强壮的海洋冷却的地方。另外，冷却的异常SST比在NWP在SCS是更强壮的。海洋反应的最惹人注目的特征是在在NWP是不在的SCSa特征的一个二层的惯性的波浪的存在。当台风醒来，在惯性附近的摆动能被产生，它在表面有最大的流动速度混合的层并且可以持续一些天，在台风经过以后。沿着台风轨道，在上面的海洋的水平水流显示出一系列轮流出现从台风发出的否定、积极的异例。

简介：VariationsinGuangzhou’saerosolopticalcharacteristicsandtheirpossiblecausesarestudiedagainstthelarge-scalebackgroundofSouthChinaSeasummermonsoons(SCSSM)usingaerosoldataderivedfromPanyuAtmosphericCompositionWatchStationinGuangzhouandtheNationalCentersforEnvironmentalPrediction/NationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch(USA).Thedataisreanalyzedtodevelopacompositeanalysisandperformphysicaldiagnoses.AnalysisoftheresultsshowsthataerosolextinctioninGuangzhoufirstincreasesthendecreasesduringtheactiveperiodofaSCSSM,withvariationsinthestratificationoftheplanetaryboundarylayer(PBL)andenvironmentalwindsplayingimportantrolesinaffectingGuangzhou’saerosolopticalcharacteristics.RegionaldiabaticheatingandanomalouscycloniccirculationsexcitedbymonsoonconvectioninduceenvironmentalwindanomaliesthatsignificantlymodifythestratificationofthePBL.

简介：

简介：InthispaperthemeteorologicalbackgroundfortheformationofplumefromtheforestfireinNortheastChinaon7—8May1987isstated.Thelong-rangeinstantaneousdiffusionparametersarecalculatedbyusingthesatellitephotographoftheplumeswithvisiblelengthrangingfrom100toover500kin.Theresultsofcal-culationshowthattherelationsbetweeninstantaneousdiffusionparameterandtraveltime(upto60000sec.)obeythelawoflinearor3/2power.Inaddition,heatreleasefromthefireonMay7—8estimatedbypuffrisingformulacanmeet,inrespecttotheorderofmagnitude,thevaluegainedonthefieldsurvey.

简介：Theinterestinthenationallevelsoftheterrestrialcarbonsinkanditsspatialandtemporalvariabil-itywiththeclimateandCO2concentrationshasbeenincreasing.HowtheclimateandtheincreasingatmosphericCO2concentrationsinthelastcenturyaffectthecarbonstorageincontinentalChinawasin-vestigatedinthisstudybyusingtheModifiedSheffeldDynamicGlobalVegetationModel(M-SDGVM).TheestimatesoftheM-SDGVMindicatedthatduringthepast100yearsacombinationofincreasingCO2withhistoricaltemperatureandprecipitationvariabilityincontinentalChinahavecausedthetotalvege-tationcarbonstoragetoincreaseby2.04PgC,with2.07PgCgainedinthevegetationbiomassbut0.03PgClostfromtheorganicsoilcarbonmatter.TheincreasingCO2concentrationinthe20thcenturyisprimarilyresponsiblefortheincreaseofthetotalpotentialvegetationcarbon.Thesefactorialexperimentsshowthattemperaturevariabilityalonedecreasesthetotalcarbonstorageby1.36PgCandprecipitationvariabilityalonecausesalossof1.99PgC.TheeffectoftheincreasingCO2concentrationaloneincreasedthetotalcarbonstorageinthepotentialvegetationofChinaby3.22PgCoverthepast100years.Withthechangingoftheclimate,theCO2fertilizationonChina'secosystemsistheresultoftheenhancednetbiomeproduction(NBP),whichiscausedbyagreaterstimulationofthegrossprimaryproduction(GPP)thanthetotalsoil-vegetationrespiration.OurstudyalsoshowsnotableinterannualanddecadalvariationsinthenetcarbonexchangebetweentheatmosphereandterrestrialecosystemsinChinaduetothehistoricalclimatevariability.

简介：Thedaily1°×1°dataoftheAviation(AVN)model,theblackbodytemperature(TBB)dataofcloudtop,andcloudimagesbygeostationarymeteorologicalsatellite(GMS)areusedtoidentifyadew-pointfrontneartheperipheryofthewesternPacificsubtropicalhigh(WPSH).Theresultsclearlydemonstratetheexistenceofthedew-pointfront,anditsthermodynamicanddynamicstructuralcharacteristicsareanalyzedindetail.Thedew-pointfrontisatransitionalbeltbetweenthemoistsouthwestmonsoonflowandthedryadiabaticsinkingflowneartheWPSH,manifestedbyalargehorizontalmoisturegradientinthemid-lowertroposphereandconjugatedwiththemei-yufronttoformapredominantdouble-frontstructureassociatedwithintenserainfallinthemei-yuperiod.Themei-yufrontislocatedbetween30°and35°N,verticallyextendsfromthegroundleveltotheupperlevelandshiftsnorthward.Thedew-pointfrontistothesouthofthemei-ynfrontandliesupagainsttheperipheryoftheWPSH.Generally,itislocatedbetween850hPaand500hPa.Onthedew-pointfrontside,thesouthwesterlyprevailsatthelowerlevelandthenortheasterlyattheupperlevel;thiswinddistributionisdifferentfromthatonthemei-yufrontside.Verticalascendingmotionexistsbetweenthetwofronts,andtherearedescendingmotionsonthenorthsideofthemei-yufrontandonthesouthsideofthedew-pointfront,whichformasecondarycirculation.Thedynamicsofthedoublefrontsalsohavesomeinterestingfeatures.Atthelowerlevel,positiveverticalvorticityandobviousconvergencebetweenthetwofrontsareclearlyidentified.Atthemid-lowerlevel,negativelocalchangeofthedivergence(correspondingtoincreasingconvergence)isoftenembeddedinthetwofrontsoragainstthemei-yufront.Mostcloudclustersoccurbetweenthetwofrontsandpropagatedownstreaminawave-likemanner.

简介：Basedonthedailyprecipitationandtemperaturedataof97stationsinSouthwestChina(SWChina)from1960to2009,adry-wetindexiscalculated.Thespatiotemporalvariationcharacteristicsofdry-wetconditions,precipitationandtemperaturearestudied.Thentheabnormalatmosphericcirculationcharacteristicsarediscussedusingreanalysisdata.TheresultsshowthatSWChinahasexhibitedanoveralltrendofautumnaldroughtsincethelate1980s,andthisdroughttrendbecamemoresignificantearlyinthe2000s,especiallyintheeasternSWChina.Autumnaldry-wetvariationinsouthwesternChinashowedtwomajormodes:consistentchangeacrosstheentireregionandopposingchangesintheeasternandwesternregions.Thespatialdistributionofdry-wetanomalieswasmoresignificantlyaffectedbyprecipitation,whiletemporalvariationindry-wetconditionswasmorestronglyinfluencedbytemperature.TheformermodeisaffectedbytheanomaliesoftheprecedentSSTneartheWesternPacificWarmPool,theWesternPacificSubtropicalHigh,theEastAsianTroughandtheSouthTrough.ThelattermodeisrelatedtothewindanomaliesintheeasternSWChinaandtheverticalmovementinthewesternandeasternSWChina.Thesearethemaininfluencingfactorsfortheautumndry-wetvariationinSWChina,whichareofgreatsignificancetothepredictionofdrought.

简介：七全球联合海洋空气的能力当模特儿复制东方亚洲每月的地面温度和降水气候学在期间19611990被评估。1月和7月气候差别在2050年代和2090年代相对期间19611990在排放情形(SRES)A2和B2情形上在特殊报告下面由七模型的整体投射了然后简短被讨论。和在SRESA2和B2情形下面的相应大气的公司2集中，这些设计随后被用来驱使生物群系模型BIOME3在2050年代和2090年代期间在中国模仿潜在的植被分发。潜在的植被与那些相比在中央、东方的中国极大地向北方在2050年代移动期间系上带子在期间，这被揭示19611990。相反，潜在的植被变化在总体上的西方的中国是细微的。潜在的植被的空间模式在潜在的植被变化对的2050年代，而是范围期间通常在2090年代期间类似于那19611990比2050年代在2090年代期间是更广泛的，特别地在西方的中国。另外，在那里存在潜在的植被的模型依赖者不确定性在2090年代期间在SRESA2情形下面变化，它由于由模型的投射气候变化的scatter。在在SRESA2情形下面的潜在的植被的投射变化35°N向北对35°N的地面温度变化南方并且到地面温度，降水，和大气的公司2集中的联合变化在2090年代期间可归因。

简介：SurfaceO3concentrationanditsprecursorshavebeenobservedatLongfengshanstation,HeilongjiangProvinceforaperiodofoneyearfromAugust13,1994toJuly30,1995.RelationshipbetweensurfaceO3andthemeteorologicalconditionsduringthisperiodisanalyzedinthisstudy.ObservationresultsshowthatdiurnalvariationofsurfaceO3followsapatternofdouble-peakswithamplitudeof27—28ppbunderfinedaysinsummerandautumn.Althoughthediurnalvariationissmall（14ppb）,itisstilldetectablewhenitisovercast.DiurnalvariationofO3isirregularunderrainydays.SurfaceO3concentrationriseswhenwindspeedstartstoincreaseat0800BT（BeijingTime）from0to6ms-1inautumn,winterandsummer.RelativehighsurfaceO3concentrationisnoticedfrequentlywhenS,SSW,SWandWSWwindareencounteredatthestationduringallseasons.At0800BTand1400BTthesurfaceO3concentrationincreaseswiththeincreaseofglobalradiationaccordinglyduringfinedaysinwinter,springandautumn.DuringfinedaysaveragepeakofO3concentrationinsummeris20ppbhigherthanthatinwinterwhiletheaveragepeakofglobalradiationinsummerisalmosttwiceashighasthatinwinter.TheaveragesurfaceO3concentrationunderfinedaysinautumnatLongfengshanstationis14ppblowerincomparisontotheobservationresultsfromLin’anstationwhereLin’anisataboutthesamelongitudeandlowerlatitude,withsameenvironment,whichismainlycausedbythedifferenceofglobalradiationduetodifferentlatitudesinthesetwoareas(differenceofaveragepeakglobalradiationabout100Wm-2).