简介:Qidong(Jiangsu,China)hasbeenofinteresttocancerepidemiologistsandbiologistsbecause,untilrecently,itwasanendemicareaforlivercancer,havingamongstthehighestincidenceratesintheworld.TheestablishmentoftheQidongCancerRegistrytogetherwiththeQidongLiverCancerInstitutein1972haschartedthepatternsoflivercancerincidenceandmortalityinastablepopulationthroughoutaperiodofenormouseconomic,social,andenvironmentalchangesaswellasofimprovementsinhealthcaredelivery.UpdatedincidencetrendsinQidongaredescribed.Notably,theChinaage-standardizedincidencerateforlivercancerhasdroppedbyover50%inthepastseveraldecades.MolecularepidemiologicandgenomicdeepsequencingstudieshaveaffirmedthatinfectionwithhepatitisBvirusaswellasdietaryexposuretoaflatoxinsthroughcontaminationofdietarystaplessuchascorn,andtomicrocystins–blue-greenalgaltoxinsfoundinditchandpondwater–werelikelyimportantetiologicfactorsthataccountforthehighincidenceoflivercancerinthisregion.PublichealthinitiativestofacilitateuniversalvaccinationofnewbornsagainstHBVandtoimprovedrinkingwatersourcesinthisruralarea,aswellaseconomicandsocialmandatesserendipitouslyfacilitatingdietarydiversity,haveledtoprecipitousdeclinesinexposurestotheseetiologicfactors,concomitantlydrivingsubstantivedeclinesinthelivercancerincidenceseennowinQidong.Inthisregard,Qidongservesasatemplatefortheglobalimpactthatapackageofinterventionstrategiesmayexertoncancerburden.
简介:Strokeisthemostcommoncomplicationofatrialfibrillation(AF).GuidelinesrecommendanticoagulanttreatmentinpatientswithCHA2DS2VAScscoresof>2.RegistrydatasuggeststhatalmosthalfofpatientswhoshouldbeontherapeuticanticoagulationforstrokepreventioninAF(SPAF)arenot.Warfarinandmorerecentlydevelopedagents,the"novelanticoagulants"(NOACs)reducetheriskofembolicstrokes.Inaddition,theNOACsalsoreduceintracranialhemorrhage(ICH)byover50%comparedtowarfarin.Anticoagulationandbridgingstrategiesinvolvingcardioversion,catheterablation,andinvasive/surgicalproceduresarereviewed.ThedevelopmentofreversalagentsforNOACsandtheintroductionofleftatrialappendageoccludingdeviceswillevolvetheuseofnewerstrategiesforpreventingstrokeinhighriskAFpatients.
简介:目的了解某市吸毒人员的艾滋病知识知晓率,分析吸毒人员的吸毒行为和不安全性行为.方法采取整群随机抽样的方法选取吸毒人员作为调查对象,自行设计调查问卷,采用一对一、面对面的访谈方式开展调查,使用Epidata3.1软件进行双录入建立数据库,导入SPSS18.0中进行描述性分析及卡方检验.结果有效调查了某市2个社区及1个强制戒毒所的275名吸毒人员,吸毒人员艾滋病相关知识知晓率为79.12%,艾滋病正性态度率为50.18%,吸毒人员的年龄与其艾滋病防治知识知晓率经统计学分析,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),文化程度与艾滋病正性态度经统计学分析,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);吸毒人员在进行商业性行为时,安全套使用率为29.25%;夜间注射买不到针、着急注射当时没有针是吸毒人员共针的主要原因.结论应加强对20~30岁人员的禁毒教育和艾滋病防治知识宣传教育;合理设置针具交换点,采用多种方式开展针具交换工作,使其能方便获取清洁针具;加强对吸毒人员安全性行为和安全套使用教育.
简介:Exercise-inducedrhabdomyolysis(exRML),apathophysiologicalconditionofskeletalmusclecelldamagethatmaycauseacuterenalfailureandinsomecasesdeath.IncreasedCa2+levelincellsalongwithfunctionaldegradationofcellsignalingsystemandcellmatrixhavebeensuggestedasthemajorpathologicalmechanismsassociatedwithexRML.TheonsetofexRMLmaybeexhibitedinathletesaswellasingeneralpopulation.PreviousstudieshavereportedthatpossiblecausesofexRMLwereassociatedwithexcessiveeccentriccontractionsinhightemperature,abnormalelectrolytesbalance,andnutritionaldeficienciespossiblegeneticdefects.However,theunderlyingmechanismsofexRMLhavenotbeenclearlyestablishedamonghealthprofessionalsorsportsmedicinepersonnel.Therefore,wereviewedthepossiblemechanismsandcorrelatedpreventionofexRML,whileprovidingusefulandpracticalinformationfortheathleteandgeneralexercisingpopulation.
简介:Esophagealcancerisoneofthemostfataldiseasesworldwidemainlybecauseofitsrapidprogressionandpoorprognosis.AlthoughtheincidenceofesophagealadenocarcinomahasmarkedlyriseninNorthAmericaandEuropeinthepastseveraldecades,esophagealsquamouscellcarcinomaisstillthepredominantsubtypeofesophagealcancer,especiallyinChina.Itaccountsformorethan90%ofallesophagealsquamouscellcarcinomacasesinChina.Geographicaldifferentiationisoneofthemostdistinctivecharacteristicsofesophagealcancer.Theprogression,riskfactors,andprognosisofthesetwosubtypesofesophagealcancerdiffer.Thisstudyreviewstheepidemiology,etiology,andpreventionofesophagealsquamouscellcarcinomainChina,therebyprovidingsystematicreferencesforpolicy-makerswhowilldecideonissuesofesophagealcancerpreventionandcontrol.