简介:Amega-eventwhichattractsattentionfromallovertheworldmighthavebothpositiveandnegativeeffectonthehostingcity(Symeetal.1989).Theaimofthispaperistoevaluatethecostsandbenefitsofbiddingforthehostingofmegaevents.Itidentifiedlegaciesofbiddingforthehostingofmegaeventsfromfollowingfouraspects,whichareeconomics,publiclife,infrastructure,andimageofthehostingcity,withthemethodsofliteraturereview,logicanalysis,examples,andcontrastanalysis.Theresultofthisstudyunveiledthatwhenacitybidsforhostingamega-eventforthepurposeofstimulatingitslocaleconomic,improvingcivicpride,developingbasicpublicinfrastructures,andenhanceitscityimagetotheworldwide,italsoneedstopayattentiontopotentialdrawbacksofhostingtheevent,suchasdebtcrisis,interferingthedailylifeofthepublic.
简介:Asecond-ordermixingdifferenceschemewithalimitingfactorisdeducedwiththereconstructiongradientmethodandappliedtodiscretizingtheNavier-Stokesequationinanunstructuredgrid.Thetransformofnonorthogonaldiffusionitemsgeneratedbytheschemeindiscreteequationsisprovided.TheDelaunaytriangulationmethodisimprovedtogeneratetheunstructuredgrid.ThecomputingprogrambasedontheSIMPLEalgorithminanunstructuredgridiscompiledandusedtosolvethediscreteequationsoftwotypesofincompressibleviscousflow.Thenumericalsimulationresultsofthelaminarflowdrivenbylidincavityandflowbehindacylinderarecomparedwiththetheoreticalsolutionandexperimentaldatarespectively.Intheformercase,agoodagreementisachievedinthemainvelocityanddragcoefficientcurve.Inthelattercase,thenumericalstructureanddevelopmentofvortexunderseveralReynoldsnumbersmatchwellwiththatoftheexperiment.Itisindicatedthatthefactordifferenceschemeisofhigheraccuracy,andfeasibletobeappliedtoNavier-Stokesequation.