简介:
简介:RedsoilisaveryimportantsoilresourceinsouthernChina.However,duetobeingsimultaneouslyofhighproductivepotentialitiesandseverelydegraded,itneedsharnessingurgently.RedSoilResourceInformationSystem(RSRIS)basedonremoltesensingandgeographicinformationsystem(GIS)playsanimportantroleinsurvey,evaluation,utilziationandmanagementofredsoilresource.RSRISofQuzhouCity,ZhejiangProvince(1:250000)andRSRISofLongyouCounty,ZhejiangProvince(1:50000)havebeenmaderespectivelyonSUNSPARCstationandusingRC/INFO.Thispaperintroducesthesystemdesign,databsecreationandsystemfunctions,anditparticularlyfocusesondevelopingappliedmodels,suchasredsoilresourcedivisonandmapping,suitabilityevaluation,erosionriskevaluation,plantutilizationzoneetc.TheproblemsonstudyofRSRISanditsdevelopingstrategyarealsodiscussed.
简介:INTRODUCTIONTheinsolublephosphateswhichcannotbedirectlyabsorbedbyplantsarethemaiformsofinorganicphosphateinsoil.Thesekindsofphosphatescanbesolubilizedbyseveralspeciesofbacteriawhicharewidelyspreadinsoilespeciallyinrhizospherewhere70%ofthebacteriaarecapableofsolubilizinginorganicphosphate.Manyresearchersre-
简介:Biocharcouldhelptostabilizesoilorganic(SOM)matter,thussequesteringcarbon(C)intothesoil.Theaimofthisworkwastodetermineaneasymethodi)toestimatetheeffectsoftheadditionofbiocharandnutrientsontheorganicmatter(SOM)mineralizationinanartificialsoil,proposedbytheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD),amendedwithglucoseandii)tomeasuretheamountoflabileorganicmatter(glucose)thatcanbesorbedandthusbepartiallyprotectedinthesamesoil,amendedornotamendedwithbiochar.Afactorialexperimentwasdesignedtochecktheeffectsofthreesinglefactors(biochar,nutrients,andglucose)andtheirinteractionsonwholeSOMmineralization.Soilsampleswereinoculatedwithamicrobialinoculumandpreincubatedtoensurethattheirbiologicalactivitieswerenotlimitedbyasmallamountofmicrobialbiomass,andthentheywereincubatedinthedarkat21℃for619d.PeriodicalmeasurementsofCmineralizedtocarbondioxide(CO_2)werecarriedoutthroughoutthe619-dincubationtoallowthemineralizationofbothactiveandsloworganicmatterpools.Theamountofsorbedglucosewascalculatedasthedifferencebetweenthetotalandremainingamountsofglucoseaddedinasoilextract.Twodifferentmodels,theFreundlichandLangmuirmodels,wereselectedtoassesstheequilibriumisothermsofglucosesorption.TheCO_2-Creleasestronglydependedonthepresenceofnutrientsonlywhennobiocharwasaddedtothesoil.ThemineralizationoforganicmatterinthesoilamendedwithbothbiocharandglucosewasequaltothesumofthemineralizationofthetwoCsourcesseparately.Furthermore,asignificantamountofglucosecanbesorbedonthebiochar-amendedsoil,suggestingtheinvolvementofphysico-chemicalmechanismsinlabileorganicmatterprotection.
简介:Knowledgeofthemorphologicaldynamicsofawatercourseisessentialformanagementofreservoirsiltation.WithanexampleofsedimentationinareservoirinBasilicata,Italy,thispaperdemonstratestheeffectonreservoirsiltationofthehydraulicworks,whichareaimedtoreducesedimenttransportalongthefluvialnetworkandtopreventpartofthesedimentdischargefromreachingthelake.Theeffectdependsontherivertypeandonthethegeologicalfeaturesofriverbasinslopes.Thepaperalsoshowshowmasserosioncansignificantlycontributetodevelopmentofreservoirsiltation.Finally,preliminaryresultsareprovidedaboutthetimeneededforrivertrainingworkstobeeffective.
简介:TheaimofthisworkisanimprovementoftheparameterizationofthesoilmoistureintheschemeoftheLandSurfaceProcessModel(LSPM)forapplicationsoverdesertareas.Infact,inverydryconditions,thewatervapourfluxplaysanimportantroleintheevaporationprocessesandinfluencestheundergroundprofilesofhumidityandtemperature.TheimprovedversionofsoilmoistureparametcrizationintheLSPMschemehasbeencheckedbyusingthedatatakenfromthedatabaseofthefieldexperimentHAPEX-Sahel(Hydrology-AtmospherePilotExperimentintheSahel,1990-1992).ModelsimulationsrefertothreedifferentstationslocatedinNiger(Fallow,MilletandTigersites)whereinputdataforLSPMandobservationsweresimultaneouslyavailable.TheresultsofsimulationstakingintoaccountthewatervapourfluxinthesoilmodelLSPM,seemtocomparebetterwiththeobservedbehaviourofsoilmoistureandturbulentheatfluxesthanthoseoverlookingthewatervapourflux,confirmingthegreatimportanceofthewatervapourinsuchdryconditions.
简介:Effectsofnitrogenfertilizer,soilmostureandtemperatureandtemperatureonmethaneoxidationinpaddysoilwereinvestigatedunderlaboratoryconditions.Additionof0.05gNkg^-1soilasNH4ClstronglyinhibitedmethaneoxidationandadditionofthesamerateofKClalsoinhibitedtheoxidationbutwithmoreslighteffect,suggestingthattheinhibitoryeffectwaspartlycausedbyincreaseinosmoticpotentialinmicroorganismcell,NotonlyNH4^+butalsoNO3^-greatlyaffectedmethaneoxidation.Ureadidnotaffectmethaneoxidationinpaddysoilinthefirsttwodaysofincubation,butstronginhibitoryeffectwasobservedafterwards.Methanewasoxidizedinthetreatedsoilwithanoptimummoistureof280gkg^-1,andair-dryinginhibitedmethaneoxidationentirely.Theoptimumtemperatureofmethaneoxidationwasabout30℃inpaddysoil.whilenomethaneoxidationwasobservedat5℃or50℃。
简介:在这处理了纸从在福建的Changtai枇杷果园为土壤转化酶和urease是在土壤和活动参数的Cu内容之间的关系省。土壤转化酶活动和最大的反应速度(酶运动参数:V最大和V最大/Km)没与Cu集中有显著否定关联,但是Cu集中在转化酶K在在Cu和转化酶之间的反应上显示可逆竞争抑制的m,。土壤urease活动和最大的反应速度(V最大,V最大/Km)与Cu集中有显著否定关联,并且在这个方面,当土壤的生态的索引由Cu弄脏,他们能被使用。稍微可变的Km显示在Cu和土壤urease之间的非可逆的竞争抑制。Cuconcentration=在土壤的2.00mg·L−1是中等Cu污染水平的一口陈述语气。
简介:Urbanindustrialwastelandmighthavebeenaffectedbytoxicandhazardoussubstancesemittedbytheoriginalproductionactivities.Consequently,pollutionsurveyanalysisandenvironmentalriskassessmentshouldhavebeenconductedbeforeredevelopment.Inthepaper,bysurveyingsoilsamplefromwastedump,tailingpondandsurroundingareainLead-ZincMine,fuzzymathematicsmethodwasadoptedtoestablishFuzzyComprehensiveEvaluationmodelastoanalyzeconditionsofsoilpollutionbyheavymetalandsoilnutrient.ItwouldprovideimportantscientificbasisforpollutioncontrolandecologicalrestorationintheminingareaandthuscarryoutcomprehensiveecologicalrestorationinLead-ZincMine.FuzzyComprehensiveEvaluationresultsindicatedthatsoilpollutionbyheavymetalweresevere.Itcouldgiveprioritytodevelopforestry.MostdeficientsoilnutrientelementswereavailablePandN.Duetothelackofnitrogenandphosphorus,itwasnecessarytoimprovethesoilbeforephytoremediation.
简介:Phosphorus(P)isalimitedresourcethatcouldbedepleted.Consequently,recyclingthePcontainedinsewagesludge,includingsewagesludgeincinerationash(SIA),fromwastewatertreatmentplantsisapossibilitytobeexplored.Agreenhouseexperimentusingannualryegrass(LoliummultiflorumL.)wasperformedwithanexperimentaldesignofthreecompletelyrandomizedblocksoftwosoilsand29treatments:onecontrolwithoutPandtwolevelsof9and26kgtotalPha-1from14differentsources:twelveSIAs(notcontaminatedbytracemetals)fromtheUSandCanada,onecommercialsyntheticfertilizer(triplesuperphosphate(TSP)),andonecommercialrockphosphate(RP).Higherryegrassbiomasslevelswereachievedatthehigherfertilizationrate(26kgtotalPha-1)andwhenusingtheSIAswiththehighestPsolubilitypercentage(PSP)(≥54%oftotalP).ThebiomassincreasesfollowingSIAapplicationwereashighas29%and59%morethanthecontrolforthesandyloamandclayeysoil,respectively,but40%lessthaninTSPforbothsoils.AsimilarbehaviorwasobservedforPuptake,withamaximumincreaseof26%fortheclayeysoil,and165%forthesandyloamsoil.TheryegrassbiomassandPuptakeincreasesduetoSIAapplicationwerelargerthanthoseduetoRPapplicationintheclayeysoil,butsimilartothoseinthesandyloamsoil.TheSIAswithaPSPof≥54%significantlyincreasedsoilavailablePstocksandsaturation.Accordingtoourfindings,weconcludethattheSIAsfrommunicipalandagrifoodindustrieshaveapotentialforPagriculturalrecycling,buttheirefficienciesvary.
简介:Twenty-threeprogressiveextractionswereperformedtostudyindividualhumicacids(Has)andhuminfractionsfromatypicalblacksoil(Mollisol)inHeilongjiangProvince,Chinausingelementalanalysisandspectroscopictechniques.After23HAextractionstheresiduewasseparatedintohighandloworganiccarbonhuminfractions.HAyieldwasthehighestforthefirstextractionandthengraduallydecreasedwithfurtherextractions.Organiccarbon(OC)ofthehuminfractionsaccountedfor58%oftotalOCevenafter23successiveHAextractions.Inaddition,theatomicC/HratiodecreasedduringthecourseofextractionwhileC/Oincreased;theE4/E6ratiofromtheUVanalysisdecreasedwithfurtherextractionwhileE2/Eaincreased;thebandassignedtoaliphaticcarbon(2930cm-1)inthediffusereflectanceinfraredFouriertransformspectroscopy(DRIFTS)spectragraduallyincreasedwithprogressiveextraction;thecalculatedratioofthesumofaromaticcarbonpeakheightstothatofaliphaticcarbonpeakheightsfromDRIFTSspectradeclinedwithextractions;andnuclearmagneticresonance(NMR)datasuggestedthatHAaliphaticcarbonsincreasedwithextractionswhilearomaticcarbonsdecreased.Thus,hydrophobicityandaliphaticityofHasincreasedwithextractionswhilepolarityandaromaticitydecreased.Thesedatashowedsubstantialchemical,structural,andmoleculardifferencesamongthe23Hasandtwohuminfractions.Therefore,theseresultsmayhelpexplainwhysoilandsedimenthuminfractionshavehighsorptioncapacityfororganiccontaminants.
简介:-Dynamicinteractioncharacteristicsofthemodeldeeplyembeddedplatformandfoundationsoilarestudiedbymeansofdynamicsubstructuringinterfacetransformationsynthesisanddynamiccondensation.Thetheoreticalanalysis,computerprogramsandpracticalexamplesarepresented;andtheresultsarecomparedwiththoseobtainedbystaticalcondensationmethodandfiniteelementmethod.
简介:Undisturbedsoilcorewithmanymacroporesanddisturbedsoilcorewithonlyonemacropore(diameteris10mm)wereprobedbyx-raycomputedtomography(CT).Thesize,number,shapeandcontinuityofmacroporesinthetransverseandverticalsectionsofsoilwerecharacterizedusingCTscanningimages.TheprobabilitydensitiesofmacroporesinthetransversesectionofsoilcoreexhibitedalogarithmicΓdistribution.ResultsindicatedthatCTscanningwasapromisingnondestructivemethodforcharacterizingmacroporesinsoils.
简介:Themechanismsofseismically-inducedliquefactionofgranularsoilsunderhighconfiningstressesarestillnotfullyunderstood.Evaluationofthesemechanismsisgenerallybasedonextrapolationofobservedbehavioratshallowdepths.ThreecentrifugemodeltestswereconductedatRPI'sexperimentalfacilitytoinvestigatetheeffectsofconfiningstressesonthedynamicresponseoradeephorizontaldepositofsaturatedsand.Liquefactionwasobservedathighconfiningstressesineachofthetests.Asystemidentificationprocedurewasusedtoestimatetheassociatedshearstrainandstresstimehistories.Thesehistoriesrevealedaresponsemarkedbyshearstrengthdegradationanddilativepatterns.Therecordedaccelerationsandporepressureswereemployedtogeneratevisualanimationsofthemodels.Thesevisualizationsrevealedaliquefactionfronttravelingdownwardandleadingtolargeshearstrainsandisolationofuppersoillayers.
简介:福雷斯特土壤是自然环境的一个重要部件,并且是许多生物活动的主要媒介。在这研究,由开凿者和推土机(重设备)的土壤损失和排水量在切割上被测量并且充满位于Mazandaran省的森林道路的斜坡,伊朗。土壤损失的体积被切并且充满的斜坡变丑在之间的prismoidal分析估计两次处理(在subgrading和二年下面以后)在斜坡班上3050%和5070%。土壤损失的重量被乘土壤损失(cm3)的体积到一般体积密度(1.3g/cm3)计算。土壤由重设备代替了区域根据土工作被评估宽度。结果显示那台重设备在变丑上有重要效果切斜坡坡度并且充满斜坡长度(p<0.0001)。在二年的时期期间,切割(p<0.0002)并且充满(p<0.0001)斜坡坡度显著地在不同斜坡班上被使变形。由开凿者和推土机的平均土壤损失分别地是160.35t/hayr和429.09t/hayr。而且,土壤由推土机在subgrading进程期间代替了区域比在二个斜坡类上的开凿者大(p<0.05)。玷污损失,在森林道路的排水量能被在subgrading工程使用强大的开凿者减少,特别在陡峭的地面。