简介：Thepurposeofthispaperistoinvestigatetheimpactofcompanies’sizeone-commercetransactionrequirements,byexaminingbothcompanies’componentsandcompanies’partnersandtheirrelationwithcompany’ssize.Thepaperisbasedontheanalysisof70Algerianimportcompaniesthroughsurveymethodology.Thefindingsindicatethatlarge-sizedcompaniesrespondstronglytoalle-commercetransactionrequirements,especiallyinthethreecompanies’components;medium-andsmall-sizedcompaniesresponsetotheserequirementsislessthanlarge-sizedcompanies.Asaconclusion,companies’sizeoftenreactstothee-commercetransactionrequirements.

简介：Inrecentyears,moreandmoreconflictshaveemergedinthemanagementofnaturereserves,ofwhichthemainproblemisthathowtocarryoutthecampaignofconservationalongwiththepromotionofdevelopmentoflocaleconomics.ToresolvetheactualprobleminNanjishanNationalWetlandNatureReserveandexploretheidiographicmethodofthemanagementofthewetlandreserve,somestudyingmethodsincludingface-to-faceinterviews,informaldiscussionwithlocalleadersandofficials,groupdiscussionwithlocalfishers,questionnaire,andjoboftheconversationstationhavebeencarriedout.Theresultsshowthattheeducationlevelofthelocalpeopleislow;only5%ofthelocalpeoplehaveanopportunitytothejuniorcollege;themainincomeofthelocalpeopleisfishing,whichaccountsfor70%moreorless;andtheincomeiscomingdownyearbyyearbecauseoftheunreasonablewayoffishing.Tocopewiththeproblems,somereformativewayofmanagementandthedevelopmentofthereserveareintroduced,suchasestablishinganNOGthatconstitutesoflocalfishermentoachievethegoalofcommunityco-management,developingBedandBreakfastandsoon.Throughpracticeofthemanagementoftheparticipationofthelocalpeople,wedrawtheconclusionthatthelocalpeoplehaveagreatdesiretoimprovetheirlifelevel,andtomaketheco-managementofthereserveeasy,itisimportantforthemanagerstoplaytheroleofpilotincludingengraftingthenewideas,givingsomesubsidytoencouragethelocalpeopletotakepartinthemanagement.Inaddition,makinglocalpeopleperceivevalueofthereserveandthecloserelationbetweenreserveconservationandthepromotionofleveloftheirlife.Onthisbasis,theyinclinetotakepartinthemanagementofthereserve.

简介：TheCountryParksofHongKongoccupy40%ofthetotallandmassofHongKong,andconsistsofvastareasofsecondarywoodlands,scrublands,grasslands,andreservoirs.Thatvegetation-andthesoilunderneathsubtractcarbonfromtheatmosphere,whichhasamarketvalue.Theaimofthispaperistoestimatethevalueofthatcarbon,toassesswhetherthatvaluewouldbesufficienttopayfortheupkeepoftheCountryParks,andtocomparethatvaluetothecostsofalternativewaystoreduceatmosphericcarbondioxide.Todothis,wecomparethelandcoverof1978,1991,1997and2004usingremotesensing,andidentifythethreepredominantlandcovers(woodlands,scrublands,grasslands).WethenestimatetheamountandvalueofthecarbonsequesteredbythevegetationandsoiloftheCountryParks,andcompareittothebudgetavailabletotheAgriculture,FisheriesandConservationDepartmenttoruntheCountryParks(HK$234millionin2009/2010).Weextrapolateourresultsover50years,from1978to2028.Weconcludethatby2028thecarbonsequesteredwouldbevaluedoverHK$800million,butthevalueoftheadditionalcarbonsubtractedyearlywouldonlycoverapproximately7%ofthetotalbudgetneededtoruntheCountryParks.WealsoconcludethatbecauseofthelargebudgetallocatedtotheCountryParks,alternativemethodsofcarbonsequestration-representedbytheEUETSpriceofcarbon-aremuchcheaper.

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简介：Thefarmlandtoforestprojecthasasignificantpromotingroleonecologicalcivilization;thefollow-upindustrydevelopmentisthekeytoconsolidatingachievementsofthefarmlandtoforestproject.Usingthesurveydataoffarmlandfarmers,thisarticleanalyzesthestatusanddevelopmentofthefollowupindustryinGuizhouprovince.Theresultsshowthatthefollow-upindustrydevelopmentqualityislow,thefollow-upindustrydevelopmentwillingnessisweak,thefollow-upindustrydevelopmentabilityispoor,andthefollow-upindustrysustaineddevelopmentisinsufficient.Furtheranalysisindicatesthatthefollow-upindustrydevelopmentlackoffunds,technicalandsystemofpolicysupport.Policyimplicationsarediscussedfocusingonimprovingpolicysystem,thefollow-upindustrydevelopmentstrategy,thefollow-upindustrydevelopmentplanning,anddevelopmentwiththecombinationofdevelopmentstrategyofGuizhouprovince.

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简介：Thereformcoreofstate-ownedenterprisesistodevelopmixed-ownership’seconomyeffectively,thereforetherearesomanylarge-andmedium-sizedstate-ownedenterprisesusingavarietyofresources,adoptingvariouswaystorealizemixed-ownershipreforms,enrichingthetheoriesofmixed-ownershipreform,andcreatingalargenumberofpracticalsamples.WuliangyeCompany,asaveryfamousmakingliquorcompanyinChina,hasissuedalargeofnewstockstoexcellentdealers,administrativestaffs,andoutstandingemployees,sothatthecompanycandrawintomassiveprivatecapitalin2016,soWuliangyeCompanyhavemadethefirststepaboutmixed-ownershipreformamongChinesestate-ownedenterprises.Throughcomparingthequantityofmonetarycapitalandasset-liabilityratioofWuliangyeCompanybeforeandafterdirectionalissuingnewstocks,thedistrustaboutonlyaddingmoneyandwelfaretoolforrelativebenefitpeoplecanbeeliminated.Moreover,theaffectionofdirectionalissuingnewstockscanpromoteWuliangyeCompanydealersandemployeestoholdshareholdings,andoptimizeownershipstructure.WuliangyeCompanyhasgottheexplorationforoptimizingequitystructuretosolidfoundationforspeedingupstated-ownedenterprisesreformpaces,alsoprovidingsomeusefulexperiencesofothermixed-ownershipreform,andthewaysandpatternsareworthyoflearningandstudying.

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简介：Duetothedifficultsegmentationoflanddestiny,popularitydestiny,industrydestinyontheplatformofcommoninterestsdemand,theregionalgovernanceofproductionandlivingfortheneedsofthepeopleincross-regionalareas,suchasintheaspectsofsecurity,education,assignmentandmanagementofwaterresources,transportation,energy,environmentprotectionandpublichealth,theadministrativeborderregionalcooperationisrelativelyeasy.Theseaspectsareequivalenttopublicproducts.Justbecauseofthis,itleadstoproblemsthatnobodywillnotcontrol.Thegovernments,inordertorealizeregionaleconomiccoordinateddevelopmentandtoeliminatetheregionalinterestspartiesofadministrativeregionseconomyinmicrocosmic,wereadaptingvariousself-protectionmeasures,evenincludingthat'youmayhaveyourpolicybutIhavemycountermeasures'thatisderivedfrominter-regionaleconomicrelations.Theactionofmarketsegmentationhaslimitedtheflowofvariouseconomicdevelopmentelements,especiallytheconditionof'deadendhighway',resourceexploitationanduse,difficultsocialsecurityworkinsociallivingoftheadministrativeboundaryzone.ThispaperstudiesthetypicaleconomicaldistrictofWulingmountainareaintheobviousstrategicpositionatthejunctionofChongqing,Guizhou,Hunan,Hubeiprovincesfromtheangleofregionalpublicmanagementandpublicchoicetopresentissueawarenessandacademicpurpose.

简介：Appearanceandexhaustionoftheresourcecityisaninevitableobjectivephenomenonintheprocessofindustrialization.Transformationoftheresourcecitybecamethefocusofattentionwithhighlightingproblemsandcontradictionsinthecity.Thepaperplacesemphasisonpathselectionandtransformationstrategiesofresource-exhaustedcitytransformationtakingthecoalcityPingxiangasanexample.FromtheperspectiveofprofileandeffectivenessoftransformationinPingxiangcity,thepaperanalyzesthemainproblemsinthecitytransformation,pointsoutitsmainpathdirectionfromeconomictransformation,socialtransformationandecologicaltransformation,andfinallypresentstransitionstrategyandpolicyrecommendationstothecity.

简介：Tobuildtheartificialforestecosystemisthemajoreco-economicdevelopmentmodelinthewatershedofMiyunReservoir.Itisveryimportanttoevaluatethebenefitsofthoseecosystems.Emergytheoriesareveryhelpfulforustoestablishascience-basedassessmentframework.EmergyevaluationoftheartificialforestecosystemsinthewatershedofMiyunReservoirisusedtoassestherelativevaluesofseveralecologicalfunctions(sometimescalledecosystemservices)andmainecosystemstorages(sometimescallednaturalcapital).Themaindrivingenergies,internalprocessesandstoragesareevaluated.Themainfunctions,includingtranspiration,GPPandinfiltration,areevaluated,whichare609em$/ha/yr,6,245em$/ha/yrand340em$/ha/yrrespectively.Thetotalvaluesofmajorenvironmentalservicesare4,683em$/ha/yrintheartificialforestecosystem.Themainstoragesofnaturalcapitalincludinglivebiomass,soilmoisture,organicmatter,undergroundwaterandlandformareestimated,whichare112,028em$/ha,9em$/ha,40,718em$/ha,34em$/haand6,400,514em$/harespectively.Thelargestvalueislandform,whichaccountsfor97.7%ofthesecalculatedtotalemdollarvalues.Theconceptofreplacementvalueisexploredusingtheemergyvaluesofbothecosystemservicesandnaturalcapital.Thetotalcalculatedreplacementvaluesare302,160em$/ha.

简介：随着市场经济的发展，出现了跨国公司，投资者和债权人为了了解整个集团的财务状况和经营成果，要求编制整个企业集团的合并会计报表，这就要求先将以外币表述的子公司报表折算为以母公司编报货币表述的报表，这是一个复杂的问题，至今仍未形成统一的国际惯例。从目前的情况看，时态法与现行汇率法是最为流行的折算方法，这两种方法究竟如何呢？为此，笔者将从以下几个方面对它们进行剖析。一、二者产生的背景美国注册会计师协会在３０年代末曾提出使用区分流动与非流动项目法。到了６０年代，它就被区分货币性与非货币性项目法所代替。但是这种方法要求根据不同基础计量的非货币性资产都必须按照历史汇率折算，这显然是不合适的。针对此法的缺点，

简介：贯彻《会计法》的八法易佩富《会计法》的修改和重新发布，为充分发挥会计职能作用，适应建立现代企业制度，转变政府职能，强化宏观调控，促进财税体制改革，为社会主义市场经济服务，提供了重要的法律保障。因此，认真贯彻《会计法》，在新形势下具有十分重要的现实意义...

简介：IntegratedwithGISandremotesensing(RS)technology,asystematicanalysisanditsmethodologyforhuman-settlementssocialenvironmenthasbeenintroduced.Thismethodologyhasbeencalledspatialtrendfieldmodel(STFM).STFM'sapplicationhistoryinthefieldofhuman-settlementssocialenvironmenthasbeendiscussedatfirst.Then,someindexdatamodelshavebeencreatedthroughSTFM,whichincludepopulationdensitytrendfield,humanactivitystrengthtrendfield,city-townspatialdensitytrendfield,urbanizationratiotrendfield,roaddensitytrendfield,GDPspatialdensitytrendfieldandPER-GDPspatialdensitytrendfield.Withallabove-mentionedindexesasinputdata,throughIterativeSelf-OrganizingDataAnalysisTechniquesAlgorithm(ISODATA),thispapermakesaverificationstudyofChongqingmunicipality.TheresultofthecasestudyconfirmsthatSTFMmethodologyiscredibleandhashighefficiencyforregionalhuman-settlementsstudy.

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