简介：学习的主要目的是用遥感和地理信息系统(GIS)与一条综合途径在Thirumanimuttar盆识别地下水潜力地区。LandsatTM30m分辨率数据和地志的地图的FCC图象被用来产生相似地质学，地形学，貌和貌密度，排水，排水密度，和斜坡学习区域印射的题目的地图。象Denudational山，结构的山，Bajadas，塌积的平原，Pediplain，深三角饰和冲积平原那样的很多个似地球形状的单位被观察了。一张合成地下水潜力地图作为基于地下水可获得性区域很高、高、中等、低、很低被产生了。盆上面、中间、下游为地下水作为潜在的地区被识别了探索。为地下水潜力地区证明的貌和交叉的貌的区域。产生的数据与领域检查被验证并且观察了在有一样的一致。

简介：Therelationbetweenthewaterdischarge(Q)andsuspendedsedimentconcentration(SSC)oftheRiverRamgangaatBareilly,UttarPradesh,intheHimalayas,hasbeenmodeledusingArtificialNeuralNetworks(ANNs).Thecurrentstudyvalidatesthepracticalcapabilityandusefulnessofthistoolforsimulatingcomplexnonlinear,realworld,riversystemprocessesintheHimalayanscenario.ThemodelingapproachisbasedonthetimeseriesdatacollectedfromJanuarytoDecember(2008-2010)forQandSSC.ThreeANNs(T1-T3)withdifferentnetworkconfigurationshavebeendevelopedandtrainedusingtheLevenbergMarquardtBackPropagationAlgorithmintheMatlabroutines.Networkswereoptimizedusingtheenumerationtechnique,and,finally,thebestnetworkisusedtopredicttheSSCvaluesfortheyear2011.ThevaluesthusobtainedthroughtheANNmodelarecomparedwiththeobservedvaluesofSSC.Thecoefficientofdetermination(R2),fortheoptimalnetworkwasfoundtobe0.99.ThestudynotonlyprovidesinsightintoANNmodelingintheHimalayanriverscenario,butitalsofocusesontheimportanceofunderstandingariverbasinandthefactorsthataffecttheSSC,beforeattemptingtomodelit.Despitethetemporalvariationsinthestudyarea,itispossibletomodelandsuccessfullypredicttheSSCvalueswithverysimplisticANNmodels.

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简介：ConsideringitscentralpositioninEastGondwanareconstructions,theIndiansubcontinentfiguresprominentlyinthestudies,whichwereenvisagedundertherecentlyconceptualizedinternationalproject—""LEGENDS""(LithosphericEvolutionofGondwanaEastfrominterdisciplinaryDeepSurveys),amajorinitiativebyinternationalscientificcommunitytostudycontinentsofthesouthernhemisphere.TheCC-8subcommitteeoftheInternationalLithosphericProgramme(ILP)hasalsoacceptedtheLEGENDSinitiative.

简介：TheeasternHimalayansyntaxisinNamjagbarwaisahigh-grademetamorphicterrainformedbytheIndia-EurasiacollisionandnorthwardindentationoftheIndiancontinentintoAsia.Right-andleft-lateralslipzoneswereformedbytheindentationontheeasternandwesternboundariesofthesyntaxisrespectively.TheDongjug-Mainlingfaultzoneisthemainshearzoneonthewesternboundary.Thisfaultzoneisaleft-lateralslipbeltwithalargecomponentofthrusting.Thekinematicsofthefaultisconsistentwiththeshorteningwithinthesyntaxis,andtheslippinghistoryalongitrepresentstheindentingprocessofthesyntaxis.TheAr-ArchronologicalstudyshowsthattheageoftheearlydeformationintheDongjug-Mainlingfaultzonerangesfrom62to59Ma.ThisevidencesthattheIndia-EurasiacollisionoccurredintheearlyPaleoceneintheeasternHimalayansyntaxis.

简介：Background:Theeffectofforestfireonsoiliscomplexandrelativelylessunderstoodthanitsabovegroundeffect.Understandingtheeffectoffireonforestsoilscanallowimprovingmanagementofvaluableforestecosystemsasadequateandproperinformationisveryimportantforefficientmanagement.Wehavestudiedtherecoveryofsoilpropertiesafterfire,usingachronosequenceapproach(two,fiveandfifteenyearsafterfireandcontrol).Soilsampleswerecollectedfromeachplotoffourfirepatches(B0,B2,B5&B15)fromthreedifferentdepthsviz.0–10(Top),10–20(Middle),and20–30cm(Bottom).Results:Soilorganiccarbonwaslowerthanunburnedplotsafterthefireandcouldnotrecovertothelevelofunburnedplot(B0)evenin15years.TotalN,availableP,andextractableKwerelower2-yearsand5-yearsafterthefirebutarehigherthanunburnedplotafter15-years.Availablenitrogen(NO3^-andNH4^+)remainunchangedorhigherthanB0inburnedpatches.SoilpH,BulkDensity,WaterHoldingCapacity,andElectricalConductivitywaslowerinitiallyafterthefire.Forestfireshaveaffectedsoilpropertiesconsiderably.Theresponseofsoilpropertiesvariedwithyearsafterfireandsoildepth.Conclusion:Forestfiresoccurveryfrequentlyinthestudyarea.Significantquantitiesofcarbonandtotalnitrogenarelosttotheatmospherebyburningoflitter,duff,andsoilOM.Becausenitrogenisoneofthemostimportantsoilnutrients,therecaptureofNlostbyvolatilizationduringafiremustreceivespecialattention.Long-termstudiesarerequiredtobetterunderstandtherecoveryofsoilnitrogen.

简介：ThehumidagroclimaticconditionsofKerala,IndiapermitthecultivationofanarrayofbamboospeciesofwhichDendrocalamusstrictusRoxb.(Nees.)isanimportantoneonaccountofitshighgrowthrateandmultipleuses.Standdensity,apotentialtoolincontrollingtheproductivityofwoodyecosystems,itseffectongrowthandrootdistributionpatternsmayprovideabetterunderstandingofproductivityoptimizationespeciallywhenbamboo-basedintercroppingoptionsareconsidered.Growthattributesof7-year-oldbamboo(D.strictus)standsmanagedatvariablespacing(494m,696m,898m,10910m,12912m)werestudied.Functionalrootactivityamongbambooclumpswerealsostudiedusingaradiotracersoilinjectionmethodinwhichtheradioisotope32Pwasappliedtosoilatvaryingdepthsandlateraldistancesfromtheclump.Resultsindicatethatspacingexertsaprofoundinfluenceongrowthofbamboo.Widelyspacedbambooexhibitedhigherclumpdiametersandcrownwidthswhileclumpheightswerebetterundercloserspacing.Clumpheightwas30%lowerandDBH52%higheratthewidestspacing(12912m)comparedtotheclosestspacing(494m).Withincreasingsoildepthandlateraldistance,rootactivitydecreasedsignificantly.Rootactivityneartheclumpbasewashighest(809countsperminute,cpm;50cmdepthand50cmlateraldistance)at494m.Tracerstudyfurthershowedwiderdistributionofrootactivitywithincreaseinclumpspacing.Itmaybeconcludedthattheintensiveforagingzoneofbambooiswithina50-cmradiusaroundtheclumpirrespectiveofspacing.N,PandKcontentintheupper20cmwas2197,21,and203kg/harespectivelyforthecloselyspacedbamboo(494m)whichweresignificantlyhigherthancorrespondingnutrientcontentatwiderspacings.About50%ofN,PandKwerepresentwithinthe0-20cmsoillayer,whichdecreaseddrasticallybeyondthe20cmdepth.Theresultssuggestthatstandmanagementpracticesthroughplantingdensityregulationcanmodifyt

简介：一个总数3611真菌孤立从在季风，冬季和夏天期间从7药用的植物孵化的4200个叶片断被恢复季节。这些真菌孤立属于teleomorphicAscomycota(23.5%)，生产conidiomata(17.4%)的歪像的Ascomycota，没有conidiomata(46.9%)的歪像的Ascomycota，Zygomycota(1.42%)和无菌的形式(10.6%)。Chaetomiumglobosum，曲霉属菌尼日尔，Aureobasidiumpullulans，Curvularialunata，镰刀霉spp，毛丛spp，Pestalotiopsisspp，Trichodermaviridae，Cladosporiumcladosporioides，经常从超过一主人植物被孤立。endophytic的数字孤立比在季风和夏天季节在冬季是更高的。

简介：Riceleaffolder,Cnaphalocrocismedinalis,isoneofthemajorfoliagefeedersfoundinthericegrowingregionsinIndia.Whenthecropwasatmaturity,numerousadultsofriceleaffolderwerefoundinthericefieldsthoughthelarvalpopulationgraduallydecreased,andnoeggswerefoundonriceleaves.ThepopulationcharacteristicsofC.medinaliswereassessedbasedonthephysiologicalagestatusofadultsatdifferentcropgrowthstages.Basedoneggdevelopmentwithinovarioles,ovarioleappearance,numberandcolouroffatbodies,andcharacteristicsofbursacopulatrix,physiologicalagestatusoftheadultswasdescribed,whichservedasabasisforthedeterminationofagecomposition.C.medinalisadultswerefoundduringthefirstweekofAugustonriceplants,ofwhich44%wereinAge0withimmatureovaries,indicatingimmigrants.However,28%adultseachwereatAges1–2withdevelopingovaries,indicatinglocalbreedingpopulation.Thecarryoverandoff-seasonsurvivalofC.medinaliswerealsostudiedtodeterminethecontributionofthealternativehostsinthepopulationgrowththathelpedindevisingefficientmanagementstrategies.RicewasthemostpreferredhostfollowedbyTriticumaestivum,EchinochloacrusgulliandBrachiariaplantaginea.VariousroutesofthecarryoverofC.medinalisfromseasontoseasonwerediscussed.

简介：Icenucleatingparticle（INP）measurementsweremadeattwohigh-altitudestationsinIndia.AerosolscollectedonfilterpaperatGirawaliObservatory,InterUniversityCenterforAstronomy&Astrophysics（IGO）,andattheRadioAstronomyCenter,Ooty（RAC）,wereactivatedindepositionmodeusingathermalgradientdiffusionchambertodeterminetheINPconcentrations.ThemeasurementcampaignsatIGOwereconductedduring2011,2013and2014,andatRACduring2013and2014.Whentheaerosolsampleswereexposedtoanicesupersaturationofbetween5%and23%inthetemperaturerange-17.6?Cto-22?C,themaximumINPnumberconcentrationatIGOandRACwas1.0L-1and1.6L-1,respectively.Amaximumcorrelationcoefficientof0.76wasobservedbetweentheINPnumberconcentrationandicesupersaturation.TheairmasstrajectoriesanalyzedforthemeasurementcampaignsshowedthattheArabianDesertandaridregionswerethemainINPcontributors.ElementalanalysisofparticlesshowedthepresenceofNa,Cl,Si,Al,Fe,Cu,Co,Cd,S,MnandK,aswellassomerare-EarthelementslikeMo,Ru,La,Ce,VandZr.Whenaerosolsinthesizerange0.5–20μmwereconsidered,thefractionthatactedasINPswas1:104to1:106atIGO,and1:103to1:104atRAC.ThehigherratioofINPstoaerosolsatRACthanIGOmaybeattributabletothepresenceofrare-EarthelementsobservedintheaerosolsamplesatRAC,whichwereabsentatIGO.

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简介：InthepresentstudyanattempthasbeenmadetoinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenthevariationsinthefoulingassemblageandcorrosionbehaviourofHSLAsteelatthreecoastallocationsintheGulfofMarmar,India,overaperiodof24months.OysterfoulingwasdominantintheTuticorinopensea,whilebarnacleswerethemajorfoulantsintheTuticorinharbourandMandapam.ThefoulingloadintheTuticorinwaterswashigherwhencomparedtotheMandapamwaters.Thecorrosionratesdecreasedprogressivelywiththeimmersiontimeatallthreetestlocations.IntheTuticorinopensea,thecorrosionrateswerehigherwhencomparedtotheothertwolocationsthroughoutthestudyperiod.ThesurfaceofthecouponswascharacterizedbycrevicesbeneaththehardfoulersintheTuticorinharbourandMandapam,whereasintheTuticorinopensea,thecouponsexperiencedcrevicesofatunnelingnature.Thepercentageofthelossofthetensilestrengthincreasedwithtimeatallthetestlocations.

简介：Inrecentyears,IndiaandChinahavebecomeafocusoftopicformanypoliticiansandjournalists.Theycomparethetwogiants’economicdevelopmentmodelandpotential,governancecapabilityandresultofreformpolicy…Ithas

简介：AbstractBackground:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a more prevalent chronic lung disease with a significant health burden, and the majority of these cases receive inadequate treatment.Methods:Prospective, observational, interview (questionnaire) based complete workup COPD study, screened 12,000 cases with chronic respiratory symptoms with cough, sputum production, and shortness of breath. A total of 6000 COPD cases were enrolled after the spirometry test. COPD cases were assessed as disease knowledge and methods of treatment offered by applying questionnaires to patients and treating physicians.Results:In the present study, 3% of study cases were aware of their COPD illness, 54% were not having knowledge about the disease, and 43% cases were not accepting the COPD diagnosis (p < 0.0001). A total of 58% of cases received inhalation treatment as levosalbutamol monotherapy in 31% cases, levosalbutamol plus beclometasone in 18% cases, and formoterol plus budesonide or salmeterol plus fluticasone only in 9% of COPD cases (p < 0.0001). Total 42% cases received oral treatment as theophylline in 16% cases, salbutamol in 7% cases, oral steroids in 19% cases (p < 0.0001).Conclusion:"Doctor–patient–drug trio" discordance clubbed as "difficult doctor, difficult patient, and difficult treatment" is a very crucial issue observed during diagnosis and management of COPD in peripheral settings in India.

简介：到杀虫药剂的危险性被从南部的Karnataka的不同地点收集棕色的planthopper的地人口调查，印度(Gangavati，Kathalagere，Kollegala，Soraba和Mandya)。所有地人口在他们的危险性不同到杀虫药剂。一般来说，Soraba和Mandya人口更产生与Gangavati和Kathalagere人口相比的杀虫药剂。抵抗比率在人口viz之中极大地变化了，chlorpyriphos(到16.82褶层的1.13-)，imidacloprid(到13.50褶层的0.53-)，acephate(到5.32褶层的1.34-)，fipronil(到4.06褶层的1.13-)，thiamethoxam(到2.19褶层的1.01-)，clothianidin(到4.86褶层的1.92-)，dinotefuran(到2.22褶层的0.82-)，buprofezin(到5.43褶层的1.06-)和carbofuran(到2.17褶层的0.41-)。从Gangavati，Kathalagere和Kollegala的人口展出了更高的抵抗到一些旧杀虫药剂和低抵抗到新分子。

简介：这研究的目的是估计在印度的东南的海岸在Tirumalairajan河河口在10表面沉积选择重金属(Fe，Mn，Cu，Zn，Pb，Cr，公司和Ni)划分的化学药品。一种五步的顺序的抽取技术被用来估计重金属的环境地位。大多数金属被认为由于在重金属的剩余部分的高可获得性不动。Tirumalairajan河河口的沉积没被重金属弄脏，并且他们没提出任何高生态的风险。重金属的季节的变化比在季风季节在夏天是稍微更高的。因素分析也被执行与沙，淤泥，泥土，有机物，pH，咸度和另外的金属在不同部分理解金属的协会。在Q模式和R模式簇分析之间的关系为在两个季节识别污染层次是有用的。重金属的丰富与地球表面形成学、人为的来源一起是相关的，这被证明。在沉积的全部的金属集中的信息不为在环境估计金属行为是足够的，但是顺序的抽取技术在估计污染沉积的环境影响是更有效的。

简介：Atotalof400surfacesoil(0–15cm)sampleswerecollectedfromcultivatedsoilsrepresentingfoursoilseries,namely,Hariharapur,Debatoli,RajporaandNeeleswaraminOrissa,Jharkhand,HimachalPradeshandKeralastatesofIndia,respectively,andwereanalyzedtomeasurethecontentsoftotalandextractableMnandFe,toestablishtherelationshipamongtotalandextractableMnandFeandsoilproperties,andtocharacterizethespatialdistributionpatternofMnandFeinsomecultivatedacidsoilsofIndia.ThecontentsoftotalaswellasextractableMnandFevariedwidelywithextractantsandsoilseries.However,theamountsofMnorFeextractedbydiethylenetriaminepenta-aceticacid(DTPA),Mehlich1,Mehlich3,0.1molL-1HClandammoniumbicarbonateDTPA(ABDTPA)weresignificantlycorrelatedwitheachother(P<0.01).BasedontheDTPA-extractablecontentsandthecriticallimits(2mgMnkg-1soiland4.5mgFekg-1soil)publishedintheliterature,MnandFedeficiencieswereobservedin7%–23%and1%–3%ofthesoilsamples,respectively.Thecontentofsoilorganiccarbon(SOC)hadgreaterinfluenceontotalandDTPA-extractableFethandidsoilpH.GeostatisticalanalysisrevealedthattotalandDTPA-extractableMnandFecontentsintheacidsoilswereinfluencedbysoilpH,SOCcontent,andexchangeablecationslikepotassium,calciumandmagnesium.SpatialdistributionmapsoftotalandDTPA-extractableMnandFeinsoilindicateddifferentdistributionpatterns.

简介：从UttarakhandHimalaya的48个米饭变化的特征，印度被词法、生物化学的标记检测。选择米饭变化的谷物变化了在他们的词法(谷物长度，谷物宽度和谷物重量)并且生物化学的人物(钠dodecyl硫酸盐polyacrylamide胶化电气泳动，SDS页)。在48个米饭变化基于70，65，60，57，3739，2223，13和10个kDa蛋白质乐队的存在，侧面的七种类型被识别。有平均数(UPGMA)dendrogram与1%78%类似系数基于蛋白质乐队的基因类似的簇分析给二个不同的组看了的算术的一个未加权的对组一般水准方法。在选择变化的典型乐队的存在是为米饭germplasm的鉴定的一个有用参数。

简介：MarinesedimentsampleswerecollectedfromthecoastalareasofSouthernIndia,particularlyinKanyakumariDistrict.Twenty-eightdifferentfungalstrainswereisolated.Thescreeningoffungifrommarinesedimentwasdonetoisolateapotentfungusthatcanproducebioactivecompoundsforbiomedicalapplications.OnlythreestrainsvizTrichodermagamsiiSP4,TalaromycesflavusSP5andAspergillusoryzaeSP6werescreenedforfurtherstudies.Theintracellularbioactivecompoundswereextractedusingsolventextractionmethod.Thecrudeextractsweretestedforitsanti-microbialandanti-cancerpropertiesandanalyticallycharacterizedusingGasChromatographyMassSpectrometry(GC-MS).Allthethreeextractswereactive,buttheextractfromT.flavusSP5wasfoundtobemoreactiveagainstvarioushumanpathogens,viz.,PseudomonasaeruginosaATCC27853(17.8±0.1),EscherichiacoliATCC52922(18.3±0.3),andCandidatropicalisATCC750(17.7±0.4).ItalsoexhibitedcytotoxicactivityagainstHEp2carcinomacelllinewiththeLC_(50)valueof25.7μg·mL~(-1).TheGC-MSdatarevealedthepresenceofeffectivebioactivecompounds.TheseresultsrevealedthattheextractfromisolatedfungusT.flavusSP5actedasapotentantimicrobial,antifungal,andanticanceragent,providingbasicinformationonthepotencyofmarinefungitowardsbiomedicalapplications;furtherinvestigationmayleadtothedevelopmentofnovelanticancerdrugs.

简介：从它的来源地面跟踪沉积交货到它的最终的水池想象在理解现代erosional起一个重要作用的多重因素引擎。完成这，区分贡献盆的可变结束成员是重要的。从dryland的学习的调查结果在Kachchh(西方的印度)的沿海的河的政体，它是贡献Kachchh海岸(部分水池)并且最后的海湾到阿拉伯的海(最终的水池)的结束成员之一这里被介绍了。象谷物尺寸，泥土矿物质，地球化学和磁性的矿物质那样的多代理沉积起源代理被采用了评估区别Kachchhdryland的特征的起源影响他们的河的系统和因素。不同代理的结果显示高地的起源签名与磁性的危险性是相当特征的()价值<在0.26和0.49之间的20107m3kg1和绿土(S)/kaolinite(K)比率。当河口道显示出价值(80107m3kg1)时，活动范围显示出的中间与价值(140107m3kg1)和S/K比率(4.92)在磁性的矿物质集中标记增加，S/K比率(1.90)并且，典型重矿物质(即云母矿物质)，可能反映在土地和海摆动之间的相互影响。在集水规模以内的沉积的主要来源被识别，viz，高地沉积岩石(Juran和Bhuj形成沙岩页岩)和中间的活动范围暴烈(Deccan陷井形成暗岩)岩石。现在的学习在有压到优势的沉积交货的Deccan暗岩影响的区域在沉积辨别的起源拉小心并且一另外的起源签名的比较地抑制的效果。重、主要的元素的泥土，磁性的矿物质和地球化学的矿物学的学习代理为沉积来源区域的指纹用作潜力并且因此在来源看到一个强壮的位置全球性压制研究。