简介：Currentdesigncriteriaandprinciplesofearthquakeengineeringdesignarereviewed,includingsafetyfactors,probabilisticapproach,andtwo-levelandmulti-levelfunctionaldesignideas.Themodernmulti-functionalideaisdiscussedingreaterdetails.Whendesigningastructure,itsresistancetoandtheintensityoftheearthquakeactionareconsidered.Theconsequenceoffailureofthestructureisconsideredonlythrougharoughandempiricalfactorofimportance,rangingusuallyfrom1.0to1.5.Thispapersuggestsamethodof'consequence-baseddesign,'whichconsiderstheconsequencesofmalfunctioninginsteadofsimplyanimportancefactor.Themainargumentforthismethodisthatdamagetoastructurelocatedindifferenttypesofsocietiesmayhaveverydifferentconsequences,whicharedependantonitsvalueandusefulnesstothesocietyandtheseismicityintheregion.

简介：Usingequivalentblackbodytemperature(TBB)dataretrievedfrommeteorologicalsatelliteGMS-5during1996-2002,thecorrelationbetweenthecircularsymmetric/asymmetriccomponentofTBBandtheintensityoftropicalcyclone(TC)atvarioustimelagsfrom0to48hisanalyzedfortheNorthwestPacific(0°-50°N,120°-155°E),excludinglandedandnear-coastsamples.ItisfoundthatthetotalTBBnearsoutheastoftheeyewall,thecircularsymmetriccomponent,andthesumoftheamplitudesoftangentialwavenumbers1-10(SA10)oftheTBBbetweentheradiiof0.8°and1.7°aresignificantlyandnegativelycorrelatedwiththeTCintensityatvarioustimelagsfrom0to48h.Especially,themaximum24-hlagcorrelationcoefficientsreach-0.52,-0.58,and-0.625,respectively.AstatisticalpredictionschemeforTCintensityisdevelopedbasedonclimaticpersistent,synoptic,andTBBfactorsbystepwiseregressiontechnique.ItisfoundthatthevariancecontributionoftheaveragedTBBovertheringbetween1.0°and1.5°fromtheTCcenterranksthefourthintheequationfor12-hTCintensityprediction,andthoseofthetotalTBBnearsoutheastoftheeyewallandthedifferencebetweenmaximumandminimumTBBbetween1.1°and1.5°rankthethirdandfifthrespectivelyinthe24-hforecastequation.Itisalsoshownthat,withTBBfactors,thefollowingpredictionsareimprovedcomparedtotheschemewithoutTBBfactors:48-hpredictionforseveretropicalstorm(STS),12-hpredictionforTCwithaweakeningrategreaterthan15ms~(-1)/12h,24-hintensitypredictionforTCwithalmostnointensitychange,and48-hpredictionforTCintensifyingfasterthan10ms~(-1)/48h.

简介：Manyglobalemissionreductionstrategieshavebeenproposed,butfewhavebeenassessedquantitativelyfromtheviewofequality,efficiencyandeffectiveness.Integratedassessmentmodels(IAM)isoneoftheeffectivewaystomakeclimatepolicymodeling.SointhispaperwedevelopedtheMRICES(Multi-regionalintegratedmodelofclimateandeconomywithGDPspillovers)model,whichisanIAMbutextendstoincludeGDPspillovermechanism,tomakeassessmentonseveralstrategiesforglobalemissionreduction,includingtheegalitarianismstrategy,theUNDPstrategyandtheCopenhagenAccord.Using1990asabaselineforhistoricalemissionlevels,theegalitarianstrategyarguesthatdevelopedcountriesshouldimplementurgentemissionreductions,whereasdevelopingcountriesareallowedrelativelyhigherfutureemissionquotas.TheUNDPstrategyaddressestheissueofsubstantialchangesinglobaltemperaturebutacknowledgesthatdevelopingcountriesarenotabletoaffordmorecostsformitigationmeasures,whichisinequitablefromtheperspectiveofacountry’srighttodevelop.WealsosimulatedtheCopenhagenAccordtodeterminetheconsequencesbytheyear2100ifeachcountrycontinuestheircurrentemissionmitigationactions,andresultsindicatedthattheincreaseinglobaltemperaturewillbe2.8℃by2100;consequently,muchstrongeremissionreductioneffortsmustbeimplementedafter2020.Basedonanalysisonmitigationstrategies,itisrecognizedthatthecommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilityprinciplemustbeinsistedwhenmakingglobalmitigationstrategy.Tocomplywiththisprinciple,theemissionreductionbaselineofdevelopedanddevelopingcountriesshouldbediscriminated,so1990and2005canbetakenasthebaseyearfordevelopedanddevelopingcountriesrespectively.

简介：ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｎｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒＲ／ＳｍｅｔｈｏｄａｎｄｉｔｓｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｉｏｎＢｉ－ＱｕａｎＷＡＮＧ（王碧泉）；Ｈａｎ－ＭｉｎｇＨＵＡＮＧ（黄汉明）；Ｈｏｎｇ－ＳｈｕｎＦＡＮ（范洪顺）；Ｃｈｕｅｎ...

简介：TheurbanthermaldistributioncharacteristicsanditsvariationaredynamicallymonitoredandsyntheticallyanalyzedbyusingGIStechnology.Themeteorologicalsatellitedataserveasmaininformationsource,assistedasauxiliaryinformationsourcesbythelandsatsatelliteTMdata,landusethematicmapsandmeteorologicalobserveddata.Acorrelatedpatternonthegroundsurfacebrightnesstemperaturesandairtemperatureshasbeenstudiedandestablishedwithgoodperformanceofapplication.

简介：ThebasicprincipleofintervalarithmeticandthebasicalgorithmoftheintervalNewtonmethodsareintroduced.Theprototypealgorithmcannotfindanyzeroinanintervalthathaszerosometimes,thatis,itisinstable.Sotheprototyperelaxationprocedureisimprovedinthispaper.Additionally,animmediatetestoftheexistenceofasolutionfollowingbranch-and-boundisproposed,whichavoidsunwantedcomputationsinthoseintervalsthathavenosolution.ThenumericalresultsdemonstratthattheimprovedintervalNewtonmethodissuperiortoprototypealgorithmintermsofsolutionquality,stabilityandconvergentspeed.

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简介：ＴｈｅｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｆＦｏｕｒｉｅｒｅｉｇｅｎｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍａｎｄｉｔｓａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｉｔｙａｎａｌｙｓｉｓＢＩＮＧＣＨＥＮ１）（陈兵）ＺＨＩ－ＺＨＥＮＺＨＥＮＧ２）（郑治真）ＺＡＩ－ＳＥＮＪＩＡＮＧ...

简介：在Lorenz系统的一个类似物动态的模型(ADM)的理论基础和申请被学习。ADM能有效地联合状态能被认为是一个预言目的当前的起始的值的小骚乱在历史的类似物引用上在附加了的统计、动态的方法。主要分析证明在在模型参数添加骚乱的条件下面，ADM的模型错误是比纯动态模型(PDM)的那些小得多的。在Lorenz系统的ADM上的可预测性的特征被进行案例研究和全球实验在阶段空间分析。结果证明ADM罐头相当有效地减少预言错误并且与PDM相对照处于大多数状况延长预言的有效时间，但是当模型错误是更加小的时，后者将比前者优异。克服如此的一个问题，更新的multi-reference-state能被使用介绍多类似物和更改类似物的信息并且能在ADM展出令人激动的性能。

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简介：Inmarineengineering,thestrengthofasubmarinesedimentisanindispensableparameterforassessmentofconstruction.Inthisstudy,afree-fallconepenetratornamedIPenwasdevelopedtorealizearapidandefficientmeasurementofsedimentstrength.Theequipmentischaracterizedbymodulardesignandself-containeddataacquisition.Itisequippedwithanaccelerationsensor,awaterpressuresensor,andapiezoconepenetrationtest(CPTu)probe.Itisdesignedtobereleasedfromnearseabedsurfacewithareleaserandthenfallfreelytoprovideahigherpenetrationvelocity.Itsmaximumworkingdepthisapproximately2500mandmaximumpenetrationdepthisapproximately3m.Toderivethecorrelationbetweenpenetrationresistanceandsedimentstrength,acalibratorwasdevisedtodeterminethepenetration-ratefactor.Inaddition,thefactorapplicabletoinsitutestpointswasdeterminedinlaboratoryexperiments.InJune2016,theIPenwastestedinsituintheSouthYellowSea,China,duringasharedvoyagefundedbytheNationalScienceFoundation.Meanwhile,undisturbedcolumnsampleswerecollectedforlaboratorytests.Basedontheinsitutestresults,itwasdemonstratedthattheIPencouldaccuratelyrecordtheworkingstatesofvarioussensorsduringthefreelyfallingcourse.IPentestresultsreliablyreflectedthesedimentstrengthatallthetestingpointswhencomparedwithlaboratorycalibrationtests,insituvanetestsandpenetrationtests,laboratorypenetrationtests,andunconsolidatedandundrainedtriaxialcompressiontests.

简介：ＳｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｚｅｄＰｏｉｓｓｏｎａｎｄｒｅｎｅｗａｌｍｏｄｅｌａｎｄｉｔｓａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｈａｚａｒｄａｎａｌｙｓｉｓＨａｎ－ＹａｏＣＨＥＮ（陈汉尧）ａｎｄＹｕ－ＸｉａｎＨＵ（胡聿贤）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｐｈｙｓ...

简介：Inthispaper,wecalculatedmulti-scaleresidualgeoidanomalieswiththemethodofgeoidseparationprocessing,accordingtoEGM2008ultra-highordergravityfieldmodel,remove-restoretechniqueandStokesintegral.TheEastAsiancontinentalmarginwasselectedasthestudyarea.Theresidualgeoidanomalieshavebeencalculatedbyprogramming.Onthebasisofresidualgeoidanomaliesatvariousorders,theinterlayergeoidanomaliesatdifferentdepthswerecalculatedtodepictthespatialdistributioncharacteristicsoftheresidualgeoid.Finally,weconductedadetailedgeophysicalinterpretationforthestudyareaaccordingtothegeoidanomaliesincombinationwithothergeophysicaldatasets.Fourconclusionscanbeoutlinedasfollows：1）itisimpracticablethatgeoidanomaliesareusedintheinterpretationoftheshallowobjectsduetotheinfluenceoftheterrain;2）theanomaliesofresidualgeoidcanreflecttheintensityofsmall-scalemantleconvectionintheasthenosphere;3）theinterlayergeoidanomaliescanreflectthemagmaticactivitiesassociatedwiththemantleconvectionandmantleplumeindifferentscales;4）thestudyofthegeoidmayprovideanapproachfortheresearchofthesubductionzone,mantleconvectionandmantleplume.

简介：AstudyoftheKunlunshanearthquakeofMS=8.1basedonobservedcoseismicstrainstepsfromtheboreholestrainmonitoringnetworkoverChinahasbeencarriedoutwithsomeinterestingresults.Firstly,manyrecordingsdisagreewiththeoreticcalculationusingstaticdislocationmodel.Secondly,abnormallylargestrainstepsareobservedatquiteafewstationsinthetectonicallyactiveeast-northernChina,whileintherelativelyinactiveeast-southernChinanoobviousstepsarerecorded.Itisinferredthatseismicstresstriggeringmaysignificantlyaffectremoteseismicstrainfield.Inotherwords,whetherremotefaultingbeseismicallytriggeredornotmaydeterminethepatternoflocalseismicstrainchanges.FurthercomparisonstudyresultsofMarch11,1999ZhangbeiearthquakeandNovember1,1999Datongearthquakeshowthatthespecificpatternofseismiczoneshasobviousinfluenceonseismicstrainchangesintheregion.Thissupportstheideathatobservedabnormalstrainstepsmightbeproducedbycoseismiclystress-triggeredlocalfaulting.

简介：对在苏格兰教会会员省的地震的时间的装载/卸掉反应比率(LURR)的变化，伊朗，在2005年2月22日M6.4并且在Lorestan省，伊朗，在2006年3月31日M6.1，在这被推测了并且分析纸。在伊朗的区域的速度空间的扫描ofLURR在到2006年3月31日的2003年1月1日期间被进行了，与象一扇时间窗户的1年，1个月作为时间步，并且在第2004wi的LURR异常区域的比较有5.0也在下一年(2005)里被给的M≥的实际地震，它与M≥显示出那11earthquakes5.0发生在LURR异常区域当时有M≥的12地震在2005的5.0个inLURR区域。而且，在这个区域的地震活动被调查异常LURR区域的发展学习。

简介：地震信号的变细经常用力量光谱的统计措施在频率领域被描绘。然而，常规Fourier基于变换的力量光谱评价方法受不了时间频率决定问题。Wigner-Ville分发，是科恩班时间频率分布的一个成员，拥有许多呼吁的性质，例如时间频率边缘的分发，时间频率本地化，等等。因此，Wigner-Ville分发为估计地震信号的变细提供一个新方法。这篇论文开始把简短介绍给Wigner-Ville分发和在减少跨术语的效果是有效的弄平的Wigner-Ville分发，然后基于Wigner-Ville分发的即时精力光谱为地震变细评价介绍一个方法。从在西方的中国的中央Tarim盆的一个真实数据例子被举说明建议方法的有效性。结果证明Wigner-Ville基于分发的地震变细评价方法罐头有效地检测礁石之间的差别，浅并且由他们的变细性质的泻湖外形，显示估计的地震变细能被用于礁石和浅碳酸盐水库描述。

简介：Atpresent,thereislesstheoreticalresearchandpracticalexperienceintheaspectofultrashallowseismicexplorationtothetargetlayersatdepthsofonlytensofmetersbothathomeandabroad.Seismicexplorationplaysanimportantroleinthelocationoffaultsandactivestructures,butthedepthdozensofmetersbelowthegroundsurfaceistheblindareaofanykindofdeepandshallowseismicexploration.Startingfromthepointofviewofdetectingurbanactivefaults,andusingrelatedtheoriesandmethodsofgeology,geophysicsandmathematics,thepaperdiscussesthepreconditionsforacquiringefficientultra-shallowseismicsurveyresultsincomplicatedgeologicalbackgroundsinQingdao.TakingtheQingdaoareaasanexampleinthispaper,westudythedepthconditionofQuaternarydeposits,andapply4-8stackingfoldstosatisfytherequirementtogettheexplorationresultswithhigh-resolutionandhigh-SNR.Preliminaryresultsrevealthatselectingapropersurveillancelayoutisoneofthekeystoacquireauthenticexplorationresultsinultra-shallowP-wavereflectionexploration.OurresultsalsoshowthatultrashallowseismicreflectionmethodindetectingfaultsintheQingdaoareahasgoodapplicationprospects.

简介：时间频率电磁(TFEM)方法联合发出声音，时间域发出声音形成一个全面系统的频率域以便选择不同频率并且根据要探索的客观深度导致波浪是可能的。在处理期间，不仅抵抗力而且极化信息能被提供因此我们能学习抵抗力以及同时预言含有石油的特征。时间域抵抗力信息被pseudo-2D抵抗力倒置获得，频率领域IP信息用海甘蓝海甘蓝模型被获得。在西方的中国的一些成功的应用证明它在一个掩冲断层地区，深火的岩石调查，和烃预言提供唯一的结果。

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简介：TheHY-1AsatelliteisthefirstoceanicsatelliteofChina.Duringthewinterof2002～2003,thedataoftheHY-1AwereappliedtotheseaicemonitoringandforecastingfortheBohaiSeaofChinaforthefirsttime.TheseaiceretrievalsystemoftheHY-1Ahasbeenconstructed.Itreceives1Bdatafromthesatellite,outputsseaiceimagesandprovidesdigitalproductsoficeconcentration,icethicknessandiceedge,whichcanbeusedasimportantinformationforseaicemonitoringandtheinitialfieldsofthenumericseaiceforecastandasoneofthereferencedatafortheseaiceforecastingverification.Theseaiceretrievalsystemofthesatelliteisdescribed,includingitsprocesses,methodsandparameters.TheretrievingresultsandtheirapplicationtotheseaicemonitoringandforecastingfortheBohaiSeaarealsodiscussed.