简介：<正>DearSir,IamDr.JingLi,fromtheDepartmentofOphthalmology,BeijingTongrenHospital,Beijing,China.IwanttopresentararecaseoforbitalRosai-Dorfmandiseasepresentingasunilaterallacrimalglandenlargementwithoutlymphadenopathyinvolvement.Rosai-Dorfmandiseaseisalsocalledsinushistiocytosiswithmassivelymphadenopathy(SHML),whichwasfirstdescribedbyRosaiandDorfmanin1969[1].Thisisarare,benign,idiopathichistiocyticproliferativedisorderthatoccurspredominantlyinchildren

简介：AIM:Toestimatetheprevalenceandriskfactorsforvitreousfloatersinthegeneralpopulation.·METHODS:Anelectronicsurveywasadministeredthroughasmartphoneappaskingvariousdemographicandhealthquestions,includingwhetherusersexperiencefloatersintheirfieldofvision.Multivariatelogisticregressionanalysiswasusedtodetermineriskfactors.·RESULTS:Atotalof603individualscompletedthesurvey,with76%reportingthattheyseefloaters,and33%reportingthatfloaterscausednoticeableimpairmentinvision.Myopeswere3.5timesmorelikely(P=0.0004),andhyperopes4.4timesmorelikely(P=0.0069)toreportmoderatetoseverefloaterscomparedtothosewithnormalvision.Floaterprevalencewasnotsignificantlyaffectedbyrespondentage,race,gender,andeyecolor.·CONCLUSION:Vitreousfloaterswerefoundtobeaverycommonphenomenoninthisnon-clinicalgeneralpopulationsample,andmorelikelytobeimpairinginmyopesandhyperopes.

简介：目的研究PBL教学模式在眼科学教学中的应用。方法60名学生分为两组,分别采用PBL教学法和传统教学法进行教学,比较两组学生对眼科学的兴趣和考试成绩。结果PBL教学组学生对眼科学的兴趣要显著高于传统教学组（P〈0.05）,其考试成绩（82.00±9.06）也明显高于对照组（76.90±9.82）（P〈0.05）。结论PBL教学法能够提高学生的主动性,增强学生的学习兴趣和学习成绩,适于在眼科教学中推广。

简介：目的探讨心理护理在眼科护理中的应用.方法分别对3种眼病190位患者的心理变化进行总结和分析,并对患者实施了积极有效的心理护理及健康知识的教育.结果患者以一种良好的心态接受治疗和护理,并让患者对其所患疾病有了正确的认识,均情绪稳定.从而提高了治愈率,大大减少了并发症发生,患者对我们的服务质量较满意.结论对患者进行有效的心理护理可以建立良好的护患关系,让患者积极主动配合医护人员治疗,早日康复.

简介：目的探讨视网膜脱离患者的健康教育形式。方法以视网膜脱离患者为教育对象，通过护士对患者入院时、手术前、手术后、出院后四个不同时期进行有目的、有计划、系统性的教育，使患者掌握健康知识，并使其行为向有利于健康的方向发展。结果视网膜脱离患者术后视力恢复均较满意，且治疗期间未发生并发症。结论健康教育的应用对视网膜脱离患者的康复起到了促进作用，提高了患者适应能力和生活质量，保证了手术的成功率，同时和患者建立了良好的护患关系。

简介：目的探讨完善小梁切除术,减少术中、术后并发症的途径.方法在抗青光眼小梁切除术中应用前房穿刺术,观察手术效果.结果术后3眼发生浅前房、发生率为4.5%,经治疗前房深度恢复正常.术后随访3～12月,眼压控制在10～17mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kpa).结论前房穿刺术在小梁切除手术中应用,能有效地控制术后低眼压性浅前房的发生,并有助于手术操作,提高手术成功率.

简介：　　角膜作为人眼屈光系统的重要组成部分,其地形、屈光力和厚度的准确测量直接决定着屈光手术的设计和角膜疾病的诊断.通常角膜地形图仪测量角膜前表面的地形,是角膜屈光力的主要来源,近年的研究表明角膜后表面的形状同样也影响着角膜的屈光力[1].角膜的厚度影响着内皮细胞层的屏障和泵功能,它的准确测量对于角膜疾病的诊断和避免屈光手术术后圆锥角膜的发生起着重要的作用[2].……

简介：上课是常规教学中一个很重要的环节,课堂教学的效率高低直接影响到教学质量的好坏。多媒体课件质量、多媒体与传统板书教学的融合以及多媒体教学方式好坏直接决定教学质量,笔者在对这一问题探讨和分析后,试图寻找出一套较为完整的适合于该课程的教学方式,提高学生学习兴趣,使学生掌握教学重点和难点,取得更好效果。

简介：目的探讨前房穿刺在急性青光眼中降低眼压的应用。方法对我院收治的35例急性青光眼患者应用前房穿刺术。结果35例急性光眼患者应用前房穿刺术，有31例能快速降低眼压，无操作意外和并发症。结论前房穿刺术可以作为急性青光眼中降低眼压一种方法，避免或减少应用甘‘露醇的全身毒副作用，降低医疗风险。

简介：双眼复视患者临床评估是疾病诊断的基础。结合病史、症状与重要体征可以帮助我们定位和定性诊断。在神经眼科诊室中利用简单的马氏杆检查（Maddoxrodtest）可以初步判别眼位的偏斜及进行定量分析,用于疾病诊断及病情随访。下面我们将马氏杆的使用及判断要点介绍如下。

简介：目的探讨临床护理路径在斜视围手术期中的应用效果。方法将68例斜视患者按入院单双日将其分为对照组和观察组各34例,比较两组患者遵医嘱的依从性、满意度、住院时间、住院费用的情况。结果观察组患者遵医嘱的依从性和满意度明显提高,住院时间和住院费用明显减少,与对照组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论斜视围手术期应用临床护理路径是一种科学、合理、高效、个性化的护理模式,值得推广。

简介：AIM:Totestthehypothesisthatamblyopicneuroretinamayhaveanalteredthicknesswhencomparedtothenormal.·METHODS:Twenty-fiveamblyopic,youngpatientsbetweentheagesof7and11yearsoldwerestudied.Theinterestedneuroretinaareasaredefinedinto10sub-regionsaccordingtosuperior-inferior,nasal-temoral,andperi-paraaxis,whichcrossthefovelastructure.Thethicknessesoften,definedmacularregionswereseparatelymeasuredbyopticalcoherencetomography(OCT)andanalyzedbyt-test.·RESULTS:Theaveragethicknessofneuroretinaintheexactfoveolaoftheamblyopiceyesislargerthanthatofnormaleyes(P<0.05),buttheothernineregionshavenosignificantdifference.Interestingly,inboththenormalandamblyopiceyes,thetemporalarealooksthinnerthanotherquadrants(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:Thicknessalterationmaybeassociatedwithamblyopicdisordersinyoungpatients.Studyingalargervolumeofsubjectsofsimilarageisrequiredtoconfirmthisobservation.

简介：·AIM:Tostudytheeffectsofdanhonghuayukoufuye(DHK)onfastingbloodglucose(FBG)anddiabeticretinopathy(DR)instreptozotocin(STZ)-inducedtype1diabeticratstofacilitatetherationalusageofthisdrug.·METHODS:DiabeticratswereinducedbyinjectionofasingledoseofSTZintraperitoneallyat50mg/kg.Flashelectroretinogram(FERG)andoscillatorypotentials(OPs)wereusedtomeasureretinalfunction.Themicrovascularperfusionofearswasperformedtostudythemicrocirculationinrats.FBG,body-weight,and24-hurinevolume,waterintakeanddietintakewerealsoassessed.·RESULTS:DHKhadnoeffectonFBGinnormalrats.However,STZ+DHKgroupweresignificantlydifferentfromthoseofModelandmovedtowardthoseofnormalcontrol.Itreversedtheincreaseindietintake(P≤0.05vsmodelcontrol)andthelossinbody-weight(P≤0.05vsmodelcontrol)indiabeticrats.DHKdecreasedtheFBGofdiabeticratsby25.6%(P≤0.05)and37.9%(P≤0.01)after14and21daysadministrationascomparedwiththemodelcontrol,respectively.Moreover,DHKsignificantlyincreasedtheFERGb-waveamplitudeby80%(P≤0.05vsmodelcontrol)anddecreasedtheFERGb-wavelatencyby15.3%(P≤0.01vsmodelcontrol)after24daysadministration.TheOP1andOP2amplitudesinDHKgroupwere2.6(P≤0.01)and2.0(P≤0.01)timesofmodelgroupafter24daysofDHKtreatment,respectively.Atthesametime,OP1andOP2latenciesinDHKgroupreducedby16.0%(P≤0.001)and14.7%(P≤0.001)ascomparedwiththemodelcontrol,respectively.Furthermore,themicrovascularperfusionofDHKgroupwas2.4timesofmodelgroup(P≤0.001)after21daysadministration.·CONCLUSION:DHKhadnoeffectonnormalFBG.Butithadantihyperglycemicactivity,andhadapreventiveandtherapeuticeffectonDRindiabeticrats.·

简介：AIM:Toanalyzetheapplicationofmicrobubblecontrasttechnologyinthetreatmentofophthalmicdiseases,mainlyanalyzingitsadvantagesandexistingproblems.METHODS:Atotalof30representativeliteraturesabouttheapplicationofultrasoundcontrastagentingenetargetedtherapyathomeandabroadwerecollected,andfocusingonsortingouttheliteraturereportingthetreatmentofophthalmicdiseaseswithmicrobubblecontrasttechnologyinrecentyears,thenrecallingitsadvantagesandproblems,finallymakingreasonableassessmentonexistingproblemsandproposingpossiblesolutionstotheproblems.RESULTS:Duetoitsuniquesafetyandefficacy,thetreatmentofophthalmicdiseaseswithmicrobubblecontrasttechnologyhasincreasinglydrawntheattentionofclinicians,buttworelevantissuesshouldbeconsidered:first,thenatureofcontrastagentandthechoiceofcorrespondingultrasoundparameters;second,relativeincidenceoftissuebleeding,intravascularhemolysis,moderateorsevereallergyaswellasothersideeffects.CONCLUSION:Microbubblemaybecomethecarrieroftargetedtherapy,andasakindofnewnon-invasivedeliverysystem,theultrasoundcontrastagenthasbroadapplicationprospects,butitsapplicationinophthalmicresearchisstillinitsinitialstageandthesafetyofcontrast-enhancedultrasoundstillneedsfurtherstudy.

简介：AIM:ToexploretheinhibitoryeffectofasustainedcyclosporinA(CsA)deliverymicrosphere(CsA-MS)onposteriorcapsularopacification(PCO)inrabbiteyesaftercataractextraction.·METHODS:TwentyNewZealandwhiterabbitsacceptedcataractextractionplusintraocularlensimplantationandtheirlefteyeswereintraoperativelyinjectedCsA-MSpreparedusingpolymerpolylactioglycolicacid(PLGA)asacarrierandtheirrighteyeswereinjectedwithemptyMS.Thechangesincornea,anteriorchamberreaction,intraocularpressure,PCOandCsAconcentrationinaqueoushumorwereexaminedpostoperativelyandalltheeyeswereenucleated3monthsaftersurgeryforhistopathologicalandmorphologicalexaminationwithlightmicroscopyandelectronmicroscopy.·RESULTS:Conjunctivalhyperemia,cornealedema,intraocularpressureandanteriorchamberresponseofexperimentalandcontroleyesweresimilar,whilePCOinCsAMSinjectedeyeswasgreatlyimprovedcomparedwiththatincontroleyes.PosteriorcapsulesinCsA-MSinjectedeyesweresmoothandlensepithelialcells(LEC)didnotproliferatesignificantly(P>0.05),whileLECinposteriorcapsuleofcontroleyeshaddifferentdegreesofproliferationandcorticalregeneration.LECinCsA-MSinjectedeyeswerenotfunctionallyactiveandunderwentapoptosis,whereasLECincontroleyeswerefunctionallyactive(F-test,P=0.025).Inaddition,thecornealultrastructureshowednodifferencesbetweenCsA-MSandMSinjectedeyes.CONCLUSION:CsA-MShashighbioavailabilityinrabbiteyesandcouldinhibitpostoperativePCOoccurrenceanddevelopmentduringthestudyperiod,suggestingthatCsA-MSmaybeapromising,effectiveandsafeadministrationroutetopreventPCOinclinic.

简介：目的评价羊膜移植在治疗睑球粘连中的效果。方法2000年12月-2008年12月间睑球粘连病人共23例(26眼)进行睑球粘连分离术+羊膜移植术治疗,并对其治疗效果进行问顾性分析。结果平均6个月的追踪、观察,共治愈23眼(88．46％),复发3眼(11．54％)。结论羊膜移植在治疗睑球粘连手术中是有效、简便易行的方法。

简介：目的探讨可调节缝线技术应用于小梁切除术的临床疗效。方法对92例（107只眼）原发性闭角型青光眼,随机分为两组;观察组（A组）48例56只眼行可调节缝线小梁切除术;对照组（B组）44例51只眼行传统小梁切除术。观察比较术后前房、眼压、住院日等情况。结果术后一周内浅前房的发生率观察组为16.1%（9只眼）,对照组为31.4%（16只眼）;术后半年,眼压的控制两组无明显差异（P〉0.05）;平均住院日观察组小于对照组,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论小梁切除术联合应用可调节缝线技术,可减少术后早期浅前房的发生,增加手术安全性,缩短平均住院日,但对眼压的长期控制并不优于传统的小梁切除术。

简介：目的探讨采用前后囊环形切除联合前段玻璃体切除术预防治疗儿童白内障术后后囊混浊的临床疗效.方法对23例36眼患儿行前后囊环形切除、白内障超声乳化吸出联合前段玻璃体切除术,随访1年以上,评价其手术疗效.结果术后全部病例周边囊均有不同程度混浊,视轴区均透明,未出现人工晶状体明显移位、视网膜脱离等严重并发症.结论一期行前后囊环形切除联合前段玻璃体切除术是处理和预防儿童白内障术后后囊混浊的有效方法,方法简便,疗效可靠,值得推广.

简介：案例教学法是医学教学的重要组成部分,通过案例分析能够让学生更加深入地理解知识,进而提高分析问题和解决问题的能力。本文介绍了多媒体案例教学法在眼科学教学中的具体应用方法,并提出应用过程中需要注意的问题。

简介：术中导航系统是鼻和颅底外科学中崛起的一项微创新技术。本文就术中导航系统的历史及其类型和意义作一综述。