简介：“NoticeaboutEnhancingSupervisionandAdministrationofAntibioticSailsinRetailDrugStoresforImprovingProperUse”issuedbyChinesegovernmentwouldbeimplementedon1^stJuly,thenceantibioticswouldbesoldonlywhenprescriptionsprescribedbydoctorsareavailable.Thispieceofnewsiscitedfromtheeditor'sremarksofanationalnewspaperHealthDaily(健康日报)datedJune14,2004.Foralongperiod

简介：TheStateDevelopmentandReformCommissionhasrecentlyapprovedtheconstructionofa1.0Mt/aclassethyleneunitatZhenhaiRefiningandChemicalCompany.Thisprojectwillcover12unitsincludinga1.0Mt/aethyleneplant,a500kt/aethyleneglycolunit,a450kt/aPEunit,andotherunitswithtotalinvestmentamountingtoaround22.38billionRMB.

简介：Historically,mastcellswereknownasakeycelltypeinvolvedintypeIhypersensitivity.Untillasttwodecades,thiscelltypewasrecognizedtobewidelyinvolvedinanumberofnon-allergicdiseasesincludinginflammatoryboweldisease(IBD).MarkedlyincreasednumbersofmastcellswereobservedinthemucosaoftheileumandcolonofpatientswithIBD,whichwasaccompaniedbygreatchangesofthecontentinmastcellssuchasdramaticallyincreasedexpressionofTNFα,IL-16andsubstanceP.TheevidenceofmastcelldegranulationwasfoundinthewallofintestinefrompatientswithIBDwithimmunohistochemistrytechnique.ThehighlyelevatedhistamineandtryptaselevelsweredetectedinmucosaofpatientswithIBD,stronglysuggestingthatmastcelldegranulationisinvolvedinthepathogenesisofIBD.However,littleisknownoftheactionsofhistamine,tryptase,chymaseandcarboxypeptidaseinIBD.Overthelastdecade,heparinhasbeenusedtotreatIBDinclinicalpractice.Thelowmolecularweightheparin(LMWH)waseffectiveasadjuvanttherapy,andthepatientsshowedgoodclinicalandlaboratoryresponsewithnoseriousadverseeffects.TherolesofPGD2,LTC4,PAFandmastcellcytokinesinIBDwerealsodiscussed.Recently,aseriesofexperimentswithdispersedcolonmastcellssuggestedthereshouldbeatleasttwopathwaysinmanformastcellstoamplifytheirownactivation-degranulationsignalsinanautocrineorparacrinemanner.Thehypothesisisthatmastcellsecretogoguesinducemastcelldegranulation,releasehistamine,thenstimulatetheadjacentmastcellsorpositivelyfeedbacktofurtherstimulateitshostmastcellsthroughH1receptor.Whereasreleasedtryptaseactssimilarlytohistamine,butactivatesmastcellsthroughitsreceptorPAR-2.Theconnectionsbetweencurrentanti-IBDtherapiesorpotentialtherapiesforIBDwithmastcellswerediscussed,implicatingfurtherthatmastcellisakeycelltypethatisinvolvedinthepathogenesisofIBD.Inconclusion,whilepathoge

简介：Highlevelsoflowmolecularweight(LMW)IgMincertaindiseasesareassociatedwithclinicalandlaboratoryindiceswhichreflecttheseverityofthedisease.TheseassociationssuggestthatLMWIgMmayplayanimportantroleintheimmunopathogenesisofthesediseases.TofurtherapproachthequestionconcerningthefunctionalactivityofLMWIgMindisease,apanelofLMWIgMandhighmolecularweight(HMW)IgMpreparationswithorwithoutrheumatoidfactor(RF)activitywereusedtoinvestigatetheirantibodybindingactivityandtheireffectorfunction.ItwasfoundthatLMWIgM-RFandHMWIgM-RFhadasimilarbindingcapacitytoFcfragmentastherewasnosignificantdifferenceintheaffinityindexbetweenthem.ItfurthershowedthattherateofactivationandtotalamountofutilizationofcomplementbyLMWIgMandHMWIgMwassimilar,althoughthemeanfluorescenceofC3depositionbyIgM-RFandHMWIgM-RFwasslightlyhigherthanthatofLMWIgM-RFandothercontrolRFantibodies.However,thecurrentstudydemonstratedthatLMWIgMhadstrongneutrophilactivatingpropertieswhencomparedwithHMWIgM.ThesefindingssuggestthatonemechanismofLMWIgMcontributingtotheimmunopathogenesisofRAmaybeduetotheformationofcirculatingimmunecomplex(CIC)byLMWIgMwithsubsequentactivationofneutrophils.WhetherLMWIgMhasotherfunctionalactivityindiseaseisunclearandneedsfurtherinvestigation.

简介：LongbeforethediscoveryofHelicobacterpylori,thereweremanyexcellentobservationalstudiesthatdocumenteddifferencesinthepatternsofgastroduodenaldisease.Itwasclearthatinthedevelopingworld,gastriculcerandgastriccancerweremorecommonthaninthedevelopedworldwhereduodenalulcerpredominated.Thiscorrelatedwiththedistributionofgastritisinduodenalulcerpatientswheretheinflammationwasantralpredominantwhileingastriculcerpatientsthegastritiswasmoreevenlydistributedthroughthestomach.Gastriculcersusuallyappearedinafairlyrestricteddistributioninthestomachneartheangulusandclosetothetransitionalzonebetweenantrumandbodymucosa.Asasocietydevelopedsothesepatternsofdiseasechanged.

简介：AIM:ToexaminetheprotectiveeffectsofGinkgobilobaextract(GbE)onthelearningandmemoryintheAlzheimerdisease(AD)modelinducedbyaluminumsaltinrats,andtoexaminethepotentialmechanisms.METHODS.TheADmodelofratswasinducedbyadministrationanddrinkingofaluminumchloridesolution.Theabilitiesofspatialleafingand

简介：privatizations have significantly increased market liquidity. And also privatization takes a potential role global capital market development. A. The Rise of Capital Market-Based Finance Capital market-based finance has in fact been increasing in importance,and the total capitalization of the US market increased almost nine-fold (from $ 1.9 trillion to $ 16.6 trillion) over the same period.c. The Dramatic Growth in Securities Issuance Volume Since 1990 Another way of measuring the rise of capital markets is to examine whether their share of annual corporate financing activity has grown relative to that of other sources of funding. Security offerings by US issuers accounted for two-thirds of the global total throughout 1990-1999,before more than doubling to $ 1.22 trillion in 1999--rivaling the US total. The global value of M%26A activity in 1999 reached $ 3.4 trillion

简介：privatizations have significantly increased market liquidity. And also privatization takes a potential role global capital market development. A. The Rise of Capital Market-Based Finance Capital market-based finance has in fact been increasing in importance,and the total capitalization of the US market increased almost nine-fold (from $ 1.9 trillion to $ 16.6 trillion) over the same period.c. The Dramatic Growth in Securities Issuance Volume Since 1990 Another way of measuring the rise of capital markets is to examine whether their share of annual corporate financing activity has grown relative to that of other sources of funding. Security offerings by US issuers accounted for two-thirds of the global total throughout 1990-1999,and especially so since 1997. This is venture capital investment by US venture capital partnerships. The fund-raising patterns of these private equity investors are discussed in Gompers and Lerner (1998)

简介：BACKGROUND:ResearchesindicatethatpatientswithWilsondisease(WD)haveabnormalskeletalmetabolism,whichisinducedbyvariousfactors.OBJECTIVE:ToprobeintothechangingcharacteristicsofabnormalskeletalmetabolisminWDpatientsandobservetheeffectofdecoppertherapy.DESIGN:Case-contrastandself-controlstudy.SETTING:DepartmentofNeurology,AffiliatedHospitalofNeurologicalInstitute,AnhuiCollegeofTraditionalChineseMedicine.PARTICIPANTS:Atotalof35patientswithWDincluding21malesand14femalesagedfrom10to42yearswiththemeanageof(20±8)yearswereselectedfromDepartmentofNeurology,AffiliatedHospitalofNeurologicalInstitute,AnhuiCollegeofTraditionalChineseMedicinefromSeptember2000toFebruary2001.Allthepatientswereincompliancewiththediagnosticcriteria:historyoffamilyheredity;conesymptomsinvitro,physicalsignorliversymptoms;positiveKayser-Fleischerring;serumcopperprotein＜200mg/LorAcopperoxidase＜0.2;urinecopper＞1.6μmol/24hours;livercopper＞250μg/g(dryweight).Thecontrolgroupwasselectedfrom25casesofhealthindividualsincluding13malesand12femalesagedfrom16to35yearswiththemeanageof(22±6)years.Allpatientswhoparticipatedinthestudywereinformedfirstandconsented.METHODS:Patientsintreatmentgroupweretreatedwithvenousinjectionof1.0gsodiumdimercaptosulfonate,onceadayfortotally6successivedays.Andthen,patientsrestedfor2days.Thisprocedurementionedabovewasregardedasacourse,andthetreatmentlastedfor4-8courses.Beforeandafterinjectionofsodiumdimercaptosulfonate,serumcalcitonin(CT),osteocalcin(BGP),parathyroidhormone(PTH)and1,25-(OH)2VitD3weremeasuredwithradio-immunitymethod:blood,urinecalcium,phosphorumandurinecreatinineweremeasuredwithbiochemicalanalyzer;urinedihydropyrimidinedehydrogenase(DPD)wasdetectedwithenzyme-immunitymethod;bonemineraldensity(BMD)wascheckedattheonethirdfromdistalendofulnaandradiuswithsingle

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简介：ObjectivesTodetectionofchlamydiapneumoniae(Cpn)DNAinthecirculatingmononuclearcellfractionsofcoronaryheartdiseaseandtoinvestigatetheassociationbetweeninfectionwithchlamydiapneumoniaeandcoronaryheartdisease(CHD)andprospectivelywhetherblood-basednestedpolymerasechainreaction(nPCR)isusefulinidentifyingCpninfection.MethodsTheperipheralbloodmononuclearcell(PBMC)CpnDNAwasexaminedusingnPCRtechniqueandconfirmedbyelectrophoresisin150patientswithCHD.Select55patientswithclinicalsuspectedCHDbutangiographyresultarenormalascontrolgroup(CG).Thenweconductedaprospective,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlledstudyof6monthsofazithromycinandplacebotreatmentinCHDgroup.PatientswithCpnDNApositivewerethenrandomizedtoreceiveazithromycinorplacebo.Aftertreatmentbloodsamplewerecollectedforrepeatedmeasurement.ResultsChlamydiapneumoniaeDNAwasdetectedin49(32.7%)of150personswithCHDandin1(1.8%)of55personswithcontrolgroup,oddsratio26.2,95%confidenceinterva13.52-194.98.ThepositivityratesofnPCRinCHDgroupswerehigherthanthoseincontrolgroup.16cases(29.1%)inlatentcoronaryheartdiseases(LCHD)group,19cases(39.6%)inunstableangina(UAP)group,and14cases(29.9%)inacutemyocardialinfarction(AMI)groupwereCpnpositivebynPCR.TherewerenosignificantdifferenceamonginAMIUAPandLCHDgroup.ThereweresignificiantdifferenceinCpnDNAnegativeratesaftertheazithromycinandtheplacebotreatment.ConclusionsChlamydiapneumoniaeispresentinPBMCofasignificantproportionofpersonswithCHD.Thepotentialroleofchlamydiapneumoniaeincoronaryatherosclerosismaythereforebemorerelatedtoaccelerationofdiseaseorsystemiceffectsbypersistentinfectionthantosuddeninitiationofprogressivecoronaryarterydiseasebyacuteinfection.ThedetectionofCpnDNAinPBMCwithnPCRmaybeofgreatvalueforidentifyingCpncarriersandfo

简介：privatizations have significantly increased market liquidity. And also privatization takes a potential role global capital market development. A. The Rise of Capital Market-Based Finance Capital market-based finance has in fact been increasing in importance,and the total capitalization of the US market increased almost nine-fold (from $ 1.9 trillion to $ 16.6 trillion) over the same period.c. The Dramatic Growth in Securities Issuance Volume Since 1990 Another way of measuring the rise of capital markets is to examine whether their share of annual corporate financing activity has grown relative to that of other sources of funding. Security offerings by US issuers accounted for two-thirds of the global total throughout 1990-1999,before more than doubling to $ 1.22 trillion in 1999--rivaling the US total. The global value of M%26A activity in 1999 reached $ 3.4 trillion

简介：ObjectivesToevaluatetheeffectofdifferentstylesofcoronaryheartdisease(CHD),differentregionsofacutemyocardialinfarction(AMI),itsriskfactorsandbranchesofcoronarystenosisonleftventricularremodelinganddysfunctionbyapplyingechocardiography.Methods251patientswithCHDand96patientswithoutCHD(NoCHD)wereverifiedbyselectivecoronaryangiography.CHDpatientsweredividedintostableanginapectoris(SAP)26,unstableanginapectoris(UAP)53,acutemyocardialinfarction(AMI)140andoldmyocardialinfarction(OMI)30basedonclinicalsituation,cTnT,cardiacenzymeandEGG.AMIpatientswerefurtherdividedintosubgroupsincludingacuteanteriormyocardialinfarct(Aa,n=53),acuteinferiormyocardialinfarction(Ai,n,=54)andAa+Ai(n=33)basedonECG.Cardiacparameters:end-diastolicinterventricularseptumthickness(IVSd),end-diastolicleftventricularinternaldiameter(LVd),leftventricularmass(LM),end-diastolicleftventricularvolume(EDV),end-systolicleftventricularvolume(ESV)andleftventricularejectionfraction(LVEF)weremeasuredbyACUSON128XP/10echocardiography.MultipleslinearregressionanalyseswereperformedtoteststatisticalassociationsbetweenLVEFandtheinvolvedbranchesofcoronarystenosis,bloodpressure,lipids,glucoseandetcafteronsetofmyocardialinfarction.ResultsEDVandESVwereincreasedandLVEFdecreasedonpatientswithAMI,OMIandUAP(P<0.05-0.0001).LMwasmainlyincreasedinpatientswithOMI(P<0.01)andLVdwasmainlyenlargedinpatientswithAMI.EFwassignificantlydecreasedandEDV,ESV,LMandLVdwereremarkablyincreasedinAMIpatientswithAaandAa+Ai.WiththemultiplelinearregressionanalysesbySPSSsoftware,wefoundthatLVEFwasnegativelycorrelatedtotheinvolvedbranchesofcoronarystenosisaswellastosystolicbloodpressureafteronsetofmyocardialinfarctionwhiletherewasnosignificantcorrelationbetweenLVEFandotherfactors.LVEFwassignificantlydecreased,and

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简介：ObjectivesToelucidatethepotentialroleofcytokinesinthepathogenesisofcoronaryheartdisease(CHD).MethodsTNF-αandIFN-γactivity,IL-8levelsofplasmaandsupernatantsweremeasuredin62patientswithCHDand30healthcontrolsbymethodsofdirectcytotoxicityassay,cytopathiceffectinhibitiontestandELISArespectively.ResultsBothTNF-αactivityandIL-8levelsofplasmainCHDpatientswerehigherandIFN-γactivityofsupernatantsinCHDpatientswerelowerthanthoseofhealthycontrols(P＜0.001),TherehavesignificantdifferencesbetweenhealthycontrolsandthesubgroupsofCHD(P＜0.01).IL-8levelsofplasmaincreasedwiththeadvancingofthediseaseandtherehaveobviousdifferencesamongsubgroupsoftheillness(P＜0.05).TNF-αactivityofplasmainstableanginapectoris(SAP)subgroupwaslowerthanthoseofunstableanginapectoris(UAP)andacutemyocardialinfarction(AMI)subgroups,thedifferencesbetweenSAPandUAPorAMIweresignificant(P＜0.05),ButtherehavenosignificantdifferencesbetweenUAPandAMI(P＞0.05).However,IFN-γactivityofsupernatantsshowednodifferenceamonganysubgroups.ConclusionstherehavecloserelationsbetweenTNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-8andCHD.

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简介：ObjectivesTostudyclinicalandcoronaryangiographicfindingsinpatientswithbothcoronaryheartdiseases(CHD)andtype2diabetesmellitus(T2DM).Methods215patientswithCHDconfirmedbycoronaryangiographywereinvolvedinthisstudy.Thepatientsweredividedintotwogroups:74CHDpatientswithT2DM(meanage64.7±8.2years,male/female47/27),and141CHDpatientswithoutT2DM(meanage66.2±9.2years,male/female100/41).Theclinicalfeaturesandthedatafromselectivecoronaryangiographieswerecomparedbetweentype2diabeticandnon-diabeticCHDpatients.ResultsComparedtonon-diabeticCHDpatients,thepatientswithbothCHDandT2DMsufferedmorefromacutemyocardialinfarction,silentischemiaandseverearrhythmias(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),andhadhigherserumtriglyceridesandapo-lipoproteinB,alongwithincreasedserumuricacid(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),increasedleftventricularenddiastolicdiameter(P＜0.01),anddecreasedleftventricularejectionfraction(P＜0.001).Comparedtonon-diabeticCHDpatients,thepatientswithbothCHDandT2DMsufferedmorefromtriplevesseldisease(P＜0.01),severecoronaryarterystenosis,completeocclusionsanddiffuselesions(P＜0.001).ConclusionsSevereclinicalmanifestation,leftventriculardysfunction,diffuseorcomplicatedlesionsofcoronaryarteriesweremorecommoninpatientswithbothCHDandT2DM,itsuggeststhatthetype2diabeticCHDpatientshavepoorprognosis.

简介：Objective:Tocomparativelystudythedifferenteffectsofopenheartsurgeryonbraintissuesofpatientswithcongenitalandrheumaticheartdisease.Methods:Fortypatientswithcongenitalheartdisease(CHD,CHDgroup,n=20)orrheumaticheartdisease(RHD,RHDgroup,n=20)underwenton-pump(cardiopulmonarybypass,CPB)heart-beatingopenheartsurgery.BloodsamplesbeforeCPB,and20minutes,1hour,24hoursand7daysafterCPBwerecollected,andthelevelsofneuron-specificenolase(NSE)andproteinS-100bintheplasmaweredeterminedwithenzyme-linkedimmunoadsorbentassay(ELISA),respectively.Allthepatientswereexaminedwithelectroencephalogram(EEG)beforeand1weekafteroperation.ThechangesofNSE,S-100bandEEGcomparedtoverifythedifferenceofpostoperativecerebralinjurybetweenCHDcasesandRHDcases.Results:TheplasmalevelofS-100bincreasedsignificantly20minutesafterCPBandwasstillhigherthanthepreoperativelevelat24hoursafteroperationinbothgroups(P<0.01).TheplasmalevelofNSEincreasedmoresignificantlyintheCHDgroupthanintheRHDgroup20minutesafterCPBanditreturnedtothenormallevel24hoursafterCPBintheCHDgroupbutremainedatahighlevelintheRHDgroup(P<0.01).ThelevelsofNSEandS-100breturnedtothenormallevelsonthe7thdayafterCPB.AbnormalEEGwasfoundin75%ofthepatientsintheCHDgroupand60%intheRHDgroup.Conclusions:On-pumpheart-beatingopenheartsurgerycancausecertaincerebralinjuryinthepatientswithCHDorRHD.TheinjurywasmoresevereandrecoveredmorequicklyintheCHDgroupthanintheRHDgroup.