简介:Gastrointestinal(GI)cancerisoneofthemostcommoncausesofcancer-relateddeathsworldwide.Tumormarkersarevaluableindetectingpost-surgicalrecurrenceorinmonitoringresponsetochemotherapy.PyruvatekinaseisoformM2(PKM2),aglycolyticenzymecatalyzingconversionofphosphoenolpyruvate(PEP)topyruvate,confersagrowthadvantagetothetumorcellsandenablesthemtoadapttothetumormicroenvironment.Inthisreview,wehavesummarizedcurrentresearchontheexpressionandregulationofPKM2intumorcells,anditspotentialroleinGIcarcinogenesisandprogression.Furthermore,wehavealsodiscussedthepotentialofPKM2asadiagnosticandscreeningmarker,andatherapeutictargetinGIcancer.
简介:背景与目的:脑胶质瘤是神经系统的常见肿瘤,而鼻咽癌则是我国南方地区的常见肿瘤之一,迄今为止,同时合并脑胶质瘤和鼻咽癌的重复瘤病例还十分罕见,国内外都鲜有报道,本文通过我们收治的2例脑胶质瘤合并鼻咽癌,对临床特点和治疗进行分析。方法:回顾了中山大学肿瘤防治中心神经外科在2005~2006年间所收治的2例脑胶质瘤合并鼻咽癌患者的临床资料,并对其诊治情况进行了分析和讨论。结果:两例患者的鼻咽病灶在鼻咽镜活检后获得了病理确诊。颅内病灶在与脑转移瘤充分鉴别诊断后,接受了开颅手术.经病理确诊为呈形细胞瘤。由于诊断及时,两例患者的双重病灶都及时获得了针对性处理,取得较满意的效果。结论:早期诊断是提高重复癌疗效的关键,提高对重复癌的认识和警惕性,加强多学科合作,有助于重复癌的早期诊断和及时治疗。
简介:目的探讨洛阳市N-乙酰化转移酶2(NAT2)基因多态与肝癌遗传易感性的关系。方法应用PCR—RFLP技术检测96例肝癌患者和173例对照的NAT2基因型,并分析NAT2与环境因素的交互作用。结果病例组和对照组等位基因NAT2*4、NAT2*6和NAT2*7的频率分别为71.9%、10.9%、17.2%和74.7%、14.0%、11.3%,两组差异无统计学意义(x^2=4.16,P>0.05);基因型NAT2*4/*4、NAT2*4/*6、NAT2*4/*7、NAT2*6/*6、NAT2*6/*7和NAT2*7/*7的频率分别为59.4%、9.4%、15.6%、2.1%、8.3%、5.2%和57.8%、13.3%、16.2%、3.5%、6.9%、2.3%,两组差异亦无统计学意义(x^2=2.94,P>0.05)。病例组和对照组NAT2快型和慢型的频率分别为84.4%、15.6%和87.3%、12.7%,两组间无统计学差异(x^2=0.44,P>0.05)。NAT2与吸烟、肉食、油炸食品和职业暴露等环境危险因素不存在交互作用。结论洛阳市NAT2基因多态与肝癌无关联。
简介:进展期胃癌大体分型由德国病理学家Borrmann[1]于1926年提出,最初版本分为4型,各型描述的形态基本上涵盖了内镜所见和手术切除标本的形态,主要根据肿瘤生长的方向、肿瘤界线是否清楚和是否弥漫性浸润等因素进行分型.Borrmann分型业已运用于上消化道钡餐和内镜检查对病变的描述,远东地区和德国使用最为普遍.该分型与组织学分型有一定相关性,即分化程度较高的乳头状或管状腺癌多为Borrmann1、2型,分化程度较低的腺癌和印戒细胞癌多为Borrmann3、4型,因此,Borrmann分型与胃癌预后也有相关性,当今仍然被广泛采用.
简介:Precisionmedicineandpersonalizedtherapyarereceivingincreasedattention,andmolecular-subtypeclassificationhasbecomecrucialinplanningtherapeuticschedulesinclinicalpracticeforpatientswithbreastcancer.Humanepidermalgrowthfactorreceptor2(HER2)isassociatedwithhigh-gradebreasttumors,highratesoflymph-nodeinvolvement,highriskofrecurrence,andhighresistancetogeneralchemotherapy.AnalysisofHER2expressionishighlyimportantfordoctorstoidentifypatientswhocanbenefitfromtrastuzumabtherapyandmonitortheresponseandefficacyoftreatment.Inrecentyears,significanteffortshavebeendevotedtoachievingspecificandnoninvasiveHER2-positivebreastcancerimaginginvivo.Inthiswork,wereviewedexistingliteratureonHER2imaginginthepastdecadeandsummarizedthestudiesfromdifferentpointsofview,suchasimagingmodalitiesandHER2-specificprobes.WeaimedtoimprovetheunderstandingonthetranslationalprocessinmolecularimagingforHER2breastcancer.
简介:客观:为了学习表达式和apoptosis的临床的价值,在乳癌控制基因bcl-2和bax。方法:在在1996在我们的医院里从操作获得的41乳癌的蛋白质bax和bcl-2与正常的胸纸巾用ABCimmunohistochemical污点试金并且与10个盒子相比被检测。结果:在正常的胸组织的bax的积极的率是90%并且在乳癌是59%,与他们之间的重要统计差别(P<0.05),但是在bcl-2没有统计差别蛋白质表示。在41乳癌之中,有淋巴节点转移(21个盒子)的组有显然低的bax表示(43%)和高bcl-2表示(76%),给没有淋巴节点转移的组显示出重要差别(P<0.05)。结论:bcl-2的antiapoptosis功能是比在乳癌的bax强壮的。蛋白质bax和bcl-2试金可能在理解乳癌的生物行为是有用的。
简介:Extragonadalprimaryyolksactumoroftheintestinaltractoriginisexceedinglyrare.Throughamultipledisciplinaryteam,thediagnosisandtreatmentofprimaryintestinalyolksactumorwerefurtherdefined.Wereport2suchcaseswithdetailedhistologicandimmunohistochemicalanalysis.Thetwopatientswerea7-year-oldgirlanda29-year-oldwoman.Bothofthempreoperativelyhadanelevatedserumalphafetoprotein(AFP)level(≥1,210ng/mL).Thetumorsarelocatedintheintestineandimagingexaminationindicatedtherectumastheprimarysite.Grosslythemasswasgrey-whiteandcrisptexture.Microscopicexaminationfeaturedreticular,microcystic,macrocystic,papillary,solid,andsomeglandularpatterns.Immunohistochemically,tumorcellsofbothcaseswerepositiveforSALL4,AFP,pan-cytokeratin(AE1/AE3),andglypican-3.Simultaneously,astainforEMA,OCT4,CD30,HCG,vimentinandCK20werenegativeinall2neoplasms.Thefeaturesofmorphology,immunohistochemistry,laboratoryexaminationsandimagingstudiesconsistofthediagnosisofprimaryyolksactumoroftheintestine.
简介:Glioblastoma(GBM)isoneofthemostlethalhumancancers.GenomicanalysesdefinethemoleculararchitectureofGBMandhighlightacentralfunctionformechanistictargetofrapamycin(mTOR)signaling.mTORkinaseexistsintwomultiproteincomplexes,namely,mTORC1andmTORC2.Thesecomplexesdifferintermsoffunction,regulationandrapamycinsensitivity.mTORC1iswellestablishedasacancerdrugtarget,whereasthefunctionsofmTORC2incancer,includingGBM,remainspoorlyunderstood.ThisstudyreviewstherecentfindingsthatdemonstrateacentralfunctionofmTORC2inregulatingtumorgrowth,metabolicreprogramming,andtargetedtherapyresistanceinGBM,whichmakesmTORC2asacriticalGBMdrugtarget.
简介:目的探讨基于“精准宣教”的个性化快速康复外科配合家庭“O2O”宣教模式在老年结直肠癌患者围手术期的应用。方法选择2017年3月-2018年3月的老年结直肠癌手术患者58例,并将患者随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组采用常规宣教,观察组采用个性化快速康复外科配合家庭“O2O”宣教。比较两组患者一般自我效能、相关知识缺失率、各项术后恢复指标、负性情绪、满意度情况、并发症发生率。结果观察组在一般自我效能优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在8项知识缺失率比较中,观察组除“手术形式知识”外,其余各项均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各项术后恢复指标(首次肛门排气以及排便时间、胃管拔除时间、尿管拔除时间、引流管拔除时间、首次进食时间、伤口拆线时间、首次下地时间、术后住院时间),除拆线时间外,其余各项均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在出院前1d比较HAMD、HAMA、满意度,观察组均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义;在并发症发生率上,观察组同样优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于“精准宣教”的个性化快速康复外科配合家庭“O2O”宣教模式,能提高患者的一般自我效能,弥补相关知识的缺失,使病人能够对疾病有正确认识、有效控制疾病,并提高生活质量;且在加快康复速度的同时,也能降低并发症的发生率,促进卫生资源的有效利用,值得继续研究。
简介:Objective:Toinvestigatetheeffectofbreast-conservationtherapyinearlystagebreastcancer.Methods:Atotalof234earlystagebreastcarcinomapatientsreceivedbreastconservingtreatmentinourhospital.Aftertheoperation,theyunderwentadjuvantchemotherapyandradiotherapy.Allofthesepatientsdesiredtopreservetheirbreasts.Results:Aftermedianfollow-upof29.46months(rangefrom3to100months),3caseshadlocalrelapseand8caseshaddistantmetastasis.Theoverallsurvivalrateof5yearwas96.7%,andthediseasefreesurvivalrateof5yearwas87.85%.Conclusion:Forearlystagebreastcarcinomapatients,classicquadrantectomy,axillarydissectionandpost-operativeadjuvantchemotherapyandradiotherapyleadtoexcellentlocalcontrolandgoodsurvival.