简介:The‘Chuju’(楚居),oneofthebamboo-slipmanuscriptsfromtheWarringStatesPeriodkeptintheTsinghuaUniversityLibrary,providesextensiveinformationabouttheChuroyaldynasty.The‘Chuju’(楚居)acknowledgesJilian(季連),whoadoptedthesurnameofMi(羋),asthefounderoftheChustate.However,Jilianisnotincludedamongthe‘ThreeAncestorsofChu’(sanChuxian,三楚先),i.e.Laotong(老童)Zhurong(祝融),andYuxiong(鬻熊)—alsoknownasXuexiong(穴熊)—whowerejointlyinvokedandofferedsacrificesduringtheWarringStatePeriod.Thisarticleaddressthisquestionandsuggests,basedontherecordsfromthe‘Chuju’,thatJilianandYuxiongwerebrothers,andthatthedescendantsofYuxiongwerethosewhosucceededtothethroneinsteadofthoseofJilian.SincetheChuroyaldynastywasrelatedtoYuxiongandnottoJilian,Jilianwasnotincluded,becausesacrificialritesduringtheWarringStatePeriodusedtoemphasizedirectboundswiththeirancestors.
简介:1904年,日本宪兵队伴随着日俄战争,在维持军纪的旗子下,跟随作战部队第一次踏上中国的土地,从此一直到1945年8月日本天皇宣布投降,宪兵队一直作为侵华战争中的重要力量而存在。名义上,宪兵队是军队中监军护法的机构,在军队里行使治安和维护军纪的权力,并非作战部队,而实际上,日本宪兵队作为一支严酷而又精干的兵种,拥有广泛的权力,他们在占领地配合作战部队攻城略地、搜集各种情报、镇压中国人民的反抗、残害无辜平民。日本宪兵队在中国分别有“关东宪兵队”“北支宪兵队”“中支宪兵队”“南支宪兵队”等几个部分,其中以关东宪兵队的人数最多,危害最广。