简介:目的了解幼儿耳部疾病情况,为制定幼儿人群听力损失的防治策略提供科学依据。方法用横断面现场调查法对句容市幼儿园在园幼儿进行耳部疾病的问卷调查及耳科检查。数据采用SPSS15.0统计软件进行处理。结果共调查2.5—7岁幼儿9348人,男性4819人(51.56%)、女性4528人(48.44%)。所调查幼儿的耳部疾病患病率为4.14%,各年龄段差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05),但男性(4.19%)与女性(4.08%)幼儿耳部疾病患病率差异无统计学意义(P〉0.75)。患中耳炎242人,占耳部疾病患者的62.50%。Logistic多元回归结果显示,分泌性中耳炎、年龄、耵聍栓塞、急性中耳炎、慢性化脓性中耳炎、遗传性家族史、早产及低体重、新生儿窒息均与耳部疾病相关。结论目前幼儿人群中,耳部疾病的患病率仍较高,定期体格检查的项目中宜包括耳鼻咽喉科内容,积极制定预防幼儿耳部疾病及听力损失的策略和方案很有必要。
简介:目的回顾性总结分析婴幼儿先天性内斜视手术麻醉过程,探讨其术中麻醉问题。方法46例先天性内斜视手术患儿,分两组:阿托品组和非阿托品组。两组均采用全身麻醉方法,手术过程中监测脉搏氧饱和度(SPO2)、BP、P、ECG、呼吸末二氧化碳(PetCO2),必要时进行动脉血气分析。结果术中除了心率改变明显,其余各项监测指标均在正常范围;术前给与阿托品心率上升幅度10%-40%,可以预防眼心反射引起的心动过缓;术中术后恶心呕吐发生率与其他手术相比无明显增加。结论婴幼儿先天性内斜视手术可采用全身麻醉方法,术中麻醉要保持一定深度,需严密观察心率变化,出现明显的心动过缓时应及时给予处理。(中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志,2006,6:231-232)
简介:AIM:Toevaluatetheaccuracyofsphericalequivalent(SE)estimatesofadouble-passsystemandtocompareitwithretinoscopy,subjectiverefractionandatablemountedautorefractor.METHODS:Non-cycloplegicrefractionwasperformedon125eyesof65healthyadults(age23.5±3.0years)fromOctober2010toJanuary2011usingretinoscopy,subjectiverefraction,autorefraction(AutokeratorefractometerTOPCONKR-8100,Japan)andadoublepasssystem(OpticalQualityAnalysisSystem,OQAS,VisiometricsS.L.,Spain).Nineconsecutivemeasurementswiththedouble-passsystemwereperformedonasubgroupof22eyestoassessrepeatability.ToevaluatethetruenessoftheOQASinstrument,theSElaboratorybiasbetweenthedoublepasssystemandtheothertechniqueswascalculated.RESULTS:TheSEmeancoefficientofrepeatabilityobtainedwas0.22D.SignificantcorrelationscouldbeestablishedbetweentheOQASandtheSEobtainedwithretinoscopy(r=0.956,P<0.001),subjectiverefraction(r=0.955,P<0.001)andautorefraction(r=0.957,P<0.001).ThedifferencesinSEbetweenthedouble-passsystemandtheothertechniquesweresignificant(P<0.001),butlackedclinicalrelevanceexceptforretinoscopy;Retinoscopygavemorehyperopicvaluesthanthedouble-passsystem-0.51±0.50Daswellasthesubjectiverefraction-0.23±0.50D;Moremyopicvalueswereachievedbymeansofautorefraction0.24±0.49D.CONCLUSION:Thedouble-passsystemprovidesaccurateandreliableestimatesoftheSEthatcanbeusedforclinicalstudies.Thistechniquecandeterminethecorrectfocuspositiontoassesstheocularopticalquality.However,ithasarelativelysmallmeasuringrangeincomparisonwithautorefractors(-8.00to+5.00D),andrequirespriorinformationontherefractivestateofthepatient.
简介:目的:分析婴幼儿泪囊炎患者的主要致病菌和药物敏感性,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法:采集83例86眼婴幼儿泪囊炎患者的泪囊分泌物进行细菌培养和药敏试验分析。结果:患者86眼中,84眼细菌培养阳性,阳性率为97.7%,共分离出细菌94株,其中革兰氏阳性菌67株,占71.3%,革兰氏阳性菌的前三位敏感药物为利福平、左氧氟沙星、氯霉素;革兰氏阴性菌27株,占28.7%,革兰氏阴性菌前三位敏感药物为左氧氟沙星、氯霉素、夫西地酸、头孢他啶。结论:G+菌为婴幼儿泪囊炎的优势致病菌,其中以草绿色链球菌和表皮葡萄球菌最常见。G+菌较G-菌耐药性高,左氧氟沙星、氯霉素等治疗婴幼儿泪囊炎有效。