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简介：Objectives:Toevaluateaudiologicalandvestibularfunctionsviabasicaudiologicalevaluation,otoacousticemissionsandvideonystagmography(VNG)invitiligopatients.Materialandmethods:30vitiligopatients(8acrofacialand22mixedtypes)asthestudygroupand30normalhealthyadultsasthecontrolgroupwereincludedinthestudy.Allparticipantsweresubmittedtobasicaudiologicalevaluation,transientanddistortionproductotoacousticemmisions(TEOAEsandDPOAEs),vestibularassessmentincludinghistorytaking,officetestsandvideonystagmography(VNG)anddermatologicalassessmenttodeterminetype,percentofbodysurfaceareainvolvementanddurationofvitiligo.Results:Thisstudyshowedstatisticallysignificantdifferencebetweencontrolandstudygroupsinpuretoneaudiometry(PTA)andotoacousticemissionsresults.Fiftypercentofvitiligopatientshadperipheralvestibulardisorders(10vestibularneuritisand5posteriorcanalbenignparoxysmalpositionalvertigo.Conclusion:Theresultsinthisstudyshowedthat50%ofvitiligopatientssufferedfromperipheralvestibulardisordersinadditiontoauditoryaffection.Vitiligopatientsrequireroutinemonitoringforauditoryandvestibularfunctionsforearlyidentificationandmonitoringofchangesasthediseaseprogress.

简介：Auditoryneuropathy(AN)isahearingdisordercharacterizedbyabsenceofauditorybrainstemresponsesdespitepreservationofouterhaircellfunction,andhasattractedattentionsfromresearchersandaudiologistssincereportedbyStarretal[1].ClinicalmanifestationsinANpatientsincludeabnormalauditorybrainstemresponsesnormalotoacousticemissions,lackofacousticreflexeslargecochlearmicrophonics,speechperceptiondeteriora

简介：Rheumatoidarthritis(RA)isasystemic,autoimmunediseasethatpresentwithintra-articularandextra-articularmanifestations.AuditorysystemmaybeinvolvedduringthecourseofRAdiseaseduetonumbersofpathologies.ThelinkbetweenhearingimpairmentandRAhasbeendiscussedinthepreviousliterature.InthisstudyweprovideanupdateontheclinicalaspectofhearingimpairmentinRA.WesuggesttotesthearinginallnewlydiagnosedRApatientsatdiagnosisaswellasregularlyduringthecourseofdisease.

简介：BackgroundInmanyEuropeanandAmericanhospitals,representedbytheHouseEarClinic(HEC),theoverlaytympanoplastyisusedwithrareexception,withsimultaneouscanalwallupordownmastoidectomybeingtakenifneeded.InChina,underlaytympanoplastyisusedacrossthecountry,buttheoverlaytech-niqueisusedrarely.Theaimofthecurrentstudywastoreporttheauthors’experiencewithoverlaytympa-noplastyin83Chinesepatientsandstudyitsvalue.MethodsEight-threepatients(86ears)underwentover-laytympanoplastyinaccordancetothestandardoftheHEC.Thepatientswerefollowedupandconditionsoftheexternalauditorycanal,tympanicmembraneandhearingwerereviewedandanalyzed.ResultsAllpatientsgainedstageIincisionhealing.Thesizeofexternalauditorycanalandtympanicmembranemor-phologyweresatisfactory.Hearingeitherremainedunchangedorimproved.Therewerenohearingdeterio-rationorseriouscomplications.ConclusionsOverlaytympanoplastycarriespositivevalueintreatingchron-icotitismediaandcholesteatomawiththemeritsofprocedurestandardization,adequateoperativeexposure,thoroughdiseaseeliminationandextensiveadaptation.

简介：Objective:TostudycentralfunctionalnetworkconnectionsandtheiralterationsintinnituspatientsusingfMRI.Methods:Regionalhomogeneity(ReHo)valuesonfMRIwereobtainedfrom18tinnituspatientsand20ageandgender-matchedcontrolsubjects.ReHovalueswerecomparedbetweentinnituspatientsandcontrolsubjectstoevaluatefunctionalnetworkconnectiondifferences.Results:TinnituspatientsshowedincreasedReHovaluesingyrusfrontalisinferioranddecreasedReHovaluesintheanteriorlobeofcerebellumincomparisonwiththecontrols.Analysisoffunctionalnetworkconnectionfromthegyrusfrontalisinteriorshowsstrongerconnectionstothemiddlebrain(FWE,P<0.001)andrightventralstriatum(FEW,P<0.05,smallvolumecorrection).Conclusions:ThefMRIresultsindicatethatbothauditoryandnon-auditorycentersplayimportantrolesintinnitus.Functionalconnectionsamongtheauditorycortex,thalamus,medialtemporalgyrus,parahippocampalgyrusandinsulamaybeanunderlyingcauseforthedevelopmentoftinnitus.

简介：ObjectsToinvestigatetheextentofhearinglossinanelderlysamplepopulationtoestimatehearingdisordersamongtheage-equivalentpopulationinChinaandtostudyprimaryclinicalcharacteristicsofpresbycusis.MethodsClinicaldatafrom110hearinglosspatientsofbothseniumandpre-seniumages(95malesand15females,meanage=74.4±12.1years)werereviewed.Patientsagedfrom50to59yearswereacceptedasthepre-seniumcontrolgroup(n=15).The95seniumpatients(>60yearsofage)weredividedinto4groupsaccordingtoage:60+group(60to69years,n=25),70+group(70to79years,n=26),80+group(80to89years,n=32)and90+group(90yearsorolder,n=12).Puretoneaudiometrythresholdsweremeasuredinall110patients.HearinglossseverityofeachtestedearwasratedaccordingtotheGoodmanclassificationcriteria.Besides,audiometricconfigurationwasexaminedineachear.ResultsAudiometrictestingshowednormalhearingin65ears(29.5%),slighttomoderatelyseverehearinglossin131ears(59.5%),andsevereandprofoundlossin24ears(11%).Air-bonegapswerefoundin12ears(5.45%)indicatingconductivehearingloss.Exceptthe12earswithconductivehearingloss,audiogramsshowedgraduallyslopinglossin99ears(45%),sharplyslopinglossin34ears(15.45%),flatlossin45ears(20.45%),notchpatternlossin5ears(2.27%),troughandrisingpatternlossin2ears(0.91%),totaldeafnessin2ears(0.91%),andnormalhearingin21ears(9.55%).Onaverage,hearingthresholdsincreasedatarateofapproximately10dBper10yearforsubjectsaged60andolder.ConclusionsHearingthresholdstendtobestableinpresbycusispatientsagedfrom50to70years,increasesignificantlybetween70and80yearsofage,andreachanotherstablestageathighlevelsafter80yearsofage,especiallyinhighfrequencies.Hearinglossinmiddlefrequenciesaccountsformostofrecessioninloudnessperception.

简介：ObjectiveBloodoxygenationlevel-dependentfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(BOLD-fMRI)wasusedtostudyactivationsignalsinthebraincortexevokedbytonestimulationinpatientswithtinnitusforitspotentialutilityasanobjectiveindicatoroftinnitus.MethodsBOLD-fMRIexaminationwasconductedin7patientswithchronictinnitusand15controlsubjects.Theactivationsignalinthebraincortexwasrecorded.ResultsSignificantactivationwasfoundintemporallobeincontrolsubjects,withgreatersignalvolumeandintensityonthecontralateralthanipsilateralauditorycortex(P<0.01).However,therewasnodiscernablepatternsintheanatomicallocation,volumeandintensityofcorticalactivationsignalsinpatientswithchronictinnitus.ConclusionsPatientswithchronictinnitusmayhaveabnormalneuralactivitiesintheauditorycortex.

简介：Profoundsensorineuralhearingloss(PSHL)isnotuncommonlyencounteredinotology.Inclinics,thereisahighincidenceofotolithicdamageinpatientswithPSHL,butrelevantreportsarefew.Sharingacontinuousmembranousstructureandsimilarreceptorcellultrastructures,thecochleaandvestibulemaybesusceptibletothesameharmfulfactors.Disordersoftheinnerearmayresultinavarietyofmanifestations,includingvertigo,spatialdisorientation,blurredvision,impairedarticulation,andhearingimpairment.ConsideringthediversityofclinicalsymptomsassociatedwithPSHLwithotolithicdysfunction,itmaybefrequentlymisdiagnosed,andobjectivemeansoftestingthefunctionofotolithicorgansshouldberecommendedforhearing-impairedpatients.Vestibular-evokedmyogenicpotentials(VEMPs)viaair-conductedsoundareofgreatimportanceforthediagnosisofotolithicfunction.HearingdevicessuchascochlearimplantsarecommonlyacceptedtreatmentsforPSHL,andearlyidentificationandtreatmentofvestibulardisordersmayincreasethesuccessrateofcochlearimplantation.Therefore,itisnecessarytoincreaseawarenessofotolithicfunctionalstatesinpatientswithPSHL.

简介：ObjectiveToreportuseoftheVibrantSoundbridge(VSB)inpatientswithcongenitaldeformationofthemiddleandouterearsandinvestigateitsutilityinthispatientpopulation.MethodFourpatientswithcongenitaldeformationofmiddleandouterearsunderwentVSBimplantation.Allweremale(aged3-18years,average13.5years)andoperatedontheleftside.Malformationwasbilateralin3patientsandunilateralin1patient.Surgicaltechniquesweremodifiedtoaccommodateeachpatient’suniqueconditionsandneeds.Theimplantsitewasapproachedviathefacialrecessin3patientsandthrougharetro-facialnerveroutein1patient.TheVSBimplantwasconnectedtoeitherthestapes(2cases)ortheroundwindow(2cases).PuretoneandspeechaudiometryresultsanddailycommunicationcapabilitiesbeforeandafterVSBactivationwerecompared.ResultsTheoperationsweresuccessfulinallpatients,withnocomplications.ThepatientcommunicationlevelimprovedsignificantlyafterVSBactivation.Averageairconductionpuretonethresholdorconditionedreflexaudiometrythresholdimprovedby35dBinthe0.25-4kHzrange,from69dBHLbeforeVSBactivationto34dBHLafter.Thesentencerecognitionrateinquietat65dBSPLwentupto86%from0%withoutVSBforpatientswithbilateraldeformationandremainedat100%forthepatientwithunilateraldeformity.However,forthelatterpatient,therateimprovedto20%from0%withoutVSBinnoise(-8dBSNR).ConclusionVSBisanexcellentsolutionforimprovinghearinginpatientswithcongenitaldeformationofmiddleandouterears.Operationcanbecompletedandgoodresultscanbeachievedeveninpatientswithuniqueconditionsandneeds.

简介：ObjectiveToanalyzethecharacteristicsofauditorybrainstemresponse(ABR)inpresbycusispatientsel-derthan90years.MethodsFourteenpresbycusispatientselderthan90years(presbycusisgroup,91.1.4±1.3years,26ears)and9normal-hearingyoungadults(controlgroup,22.7±1.2years,18ears)participatedinthestudy.Alternativeclick-evokedABRswererecordedinbothgroups.Thepeaklatency(PL)ofpeakI,Ⅲ,andV,andtheinter-peaklatency(IPI)ofI-Ⅲ,Ⅲ-V,andI-Vwerecomparedbetweengroups.ResultsInelderpresbycusispatients,theoccurrencerateofpeakIandⅢwereboth76.9%,andthatofpeakVwas84.6%.Inpresbycusisgroup,thepeaklatenciesofI,Ⅲ,Vweresignificantlylongerthanthatofcontrolgroup(P<0.001).TherewasnosignificantdifferencebetweengroupsintheIPIofpeakI-IⅢ(P=0.298,peakⅢ-V(P=0.254)andpeakI-V(P=0.364).ConclusionsAuditorybrainstemresponsesinpresbycusispa-tientselderthan90yearsshowedworsewavedifferentiation.

简介：Gapinducedpie-pulseinhibition(Gap-PPI)ofacousticstartlereflexhasbeenusedasameasurementoftinnitusinanimalmodels.However,whetherthistestissensitivetodetecttinnitusinhumansisstillunclear.Basedonthetestingprocedureusedinanimalstudies,ahumansubjecttestingmethodwasformulatedandconductedtoinvestigateifasimilarresultcouldbefoundintinnituspatients.Audiologicandtinnitusassessmentsandacousticstartlereflexmeasurementswereperformedonseventinnitussubjectsandnineagematchedsubjectswithouttinnitus.TherewasnosignificantdifferencefoundbetweenthecontrolandtinnitusgroupontheGap-PPlacrossthefrequenciesevaluated.Theamplitudeofthestartleresponseinthetinnitusgroupwithnormalhearingthresholdswassignificantlyhigherthanthecontrolgroupandthosewithtinnitusandhearingloss.Thispreliminaryresultsuggeststhathyperexcitabilityinthecentralauditorysystemmaybeinvolvedintinnitus.Therewasnocorrelationbetweenhearingthresholdsandtheincreasedamplitudeofstartleresponse.

简介：Objective:EvaluatingtheauditoryfunctioninpatientswithchronichepatitisCtreatedwithsofosbuvirandribavirin.Methods:Thisstudyinvolved80patientswithchronichepatitisCwhoagreedtoreceivesofosbuvirandribavirin.Allparticipantsweresubjectedtobaselineotologicalandaudiologicalassessmentjustbeforetreatment.Theaudiologicalassessmentincludedstandardpuretoneaudiometry,extendedhighfrequencyaudiometry,immitancemetryandotoacousticemissions(OAEs)(transientanddistortionproduct).Accordingtobaselinehearingthresholdmeasurements,thestudypopulationwasdividedinto2groups.Group1included42patientswithnormalhearingsensitivity(250e8000Hz),andGroup2included38patientswithsensorineuralhearingloss.After24weeksoftherapy,otologicalandaudiologicalassessmentswererepeatedandcomparedbetweenthetwogroupsandbeforeandaftertherapy.Results:Post-treatmenthearingthresholdevaluationshowednosignificantdifferencefrompretreatmentevaluationatalltestedfrequencies.Therewasnostatisticallysignificantdifferencebetweenpreandpost-treatmentotoacousticemissionsresults.Conclusion:TherapywithsofosbuvirandribavirininchronichepatitisChasnonoticeableeffectsoncochlearfunctions.

简介：Thepresentstudywasdesignedtoexaminespeechrecognitioninpatientswithsensorineuralhearinglosswhenthetemporalandspectralinformationinthespeechsignalswereco-varied.Foursubjectswithmildtomoderatesensorineuralhearinglosswererecruitedtoparticipateinconsonantandvowelrecognitionteststhatusedspeechstimuliprocessedthroughanoise-excitedvocoder.Thenumberofchannelswasvariedbetween2and32,whichdefinedspectralinformation.Thelowpasscutofffrequencyofthetemporalenvelopeextractorwasvariedfrom1to512Hz,whichdefinedtemporalinformation.Resultsindicatethatperformanceofsubjectswithsen-sorineuralhearinglossvariedtremendouslyamongthesubjects.Forconsonantrecognition,patternsofrelativecontributionsofspectralandtemporalinformationweresimilartothoseinnormal-hearingsubjects.Theutilityoftemporalenvelopeinformationappearedtobenormalinthehearing-impairedlisteners.Forvowelrecognition,whichdependedpredominatelyonspectralinformation,theperformanceplateauwasachievedwithnumbersofchannelsashighas16-24,muchhigherthanexpected,giventhatthefrequencyselectivityinpatientswithsensorineuralhearinglossmightbecompromised.Inordertounderstandthemechanismsonhowhearing-impairedlistenersutilizespectralandtemporalcuesforspeechrecognition,futurestudiesthatinvolvealargesampleofpatientswithsensorineuralhearinglosswillbenecessarytoelucidatetherelationshipbetweenfrequencyselectivityaswellascentralprocessingcapabilityandspeechrecognitionperformanceusingvocodedsignals.

简介：ObjectiveToinvestigateeffectoffeetorientationontheevaluationoftheposturalstabilityinpatientswithunilateralvestibularhypofunction(UVH)bytimedstandingtestsandstaticposturography(SPG).Methods65subjectswithUVHand92healthysubjectsregardedascontrolgrouptooktheposturalstabilitytestsinfourdifferentstancesincluding(1)standardRombergtest,(2)feet-apartstancetest,(3)tandemand(4)unilateralstandingtests.Ineachstance,theposturalstabilitywasmeasuredinbotheyesopen(EO)andeyesclosed(EC)conditions.Theaveragetimethatsubjectskeptbalancebeforefallingineachtestconditionswasrecordedbystopwatchasthetimedresult.Inaddition,theswayvelocity(SV)ofcenteroffootpressureintheuprightstanceduringstandardRombergtestandfeetapartstance,regardedasposturalstability,wasalsorecordedasSPG.Results(1)Thebalance-maintainingtimeoftheUVHgroupintandemandunilateralstandingwithEOandECwasdecreased(P<0.001)comparedwiththecontrolgroup.(2)TheSVsduringstandardRombergtestandfoot-apartstancewithEOwerenotdifferentbetweentheUVHgroupandcontrolgroup(P=0.118and0.110respectively),butsignificantwithECcondition(P<0.001).(3)Forbothgroups,theSVduringfoot-apartstandingwasshorterthanstandardRombergtestbothwithEOandEC(P<0.05andP<0.001).(4)TherewasnocorrelationbetweenthebalancetimeandSVforeithergroups(P>0.05).ConclusionsTheresultssuggestthatthetandemandunilateralstancetestsmayprovideadditionalinformationabouttheuprightstancetotheSPGmeasurementinpatientswithUVH.TheeffectoffeetorientationonSPGmeasurementsshouldbeconsidered.

简介：Managingmicrotiapatientsisalwaysachallenge.Multidisciplinaryapproach,goodfamilysupport,wellestablisheddoctorepatientrelationshipandwellorganisedpatient-supportgroupsaretheessentialelementsforsuccess.Withtheadvancementofimplantablehearingdevices,moreoptionswillbeavailableforthemicrotiapatients.Otologistsplayaleadingroleinthewholemanagementprocess.Theynotonlyprovideproperguidancetothepatientsinchoosingthecorrectpathofthetreatment,butalsoplayakeyroleinorganisingandmaintainingacosteffectivemultidisciplinaryrehabilitationteamforthemicrotiapatients.

简介：ObjectiveToinvestigateGJB2mutationprevalencesintheUigurandHanethnicgroupsinXinjiang,China,anddeterminetherelationshipbetweenethnicityandGJB2genemutations.MethodsInformationregardingethnicityofpatients'familieswasobtainedthroughmedicalrecordsreviewand/orpatientinterview.Bloodsampleswerecollectedfrom61Uigursand66Hansfordirectsequencingofthecodingregionandintron/exonboundariesoftheGBJ2gene.ResultsCarrierfrequencyofGJB2mutationswassimilarbetweentheUigurandHansubjects.TheGJB235delGmutationwasseenonlyinUigurpatientswithhearingloss,whereasthe235delCmutationwasidentifiedinbothUigurandHanpatients.TheallelicFrequencyof35delGmutationwas7.4%(9/122)inUigurdeafstudents,butnoneinHandeafstudents(0/128)andUigurcontrols(0/196).TheallelicfrequencyofGJB2235delCmutationinUigurandHandeafstudentswas5.7%and9.8%,andthatof299-300delATmutationwas0.8%and5.5%,respectively.V27IandE114Gwerethemostfrequenttypesofpolymorphism.ConclusionWefoundanAsian-specificGJB2diversityamongUigurs,andcomparableGJB2contributiontodeafnessinUigurandHanpatients.Thehighcarrierfrequencyof35delGinUigurs(11.5%)isprobablydefinedbygenedrift/foundereffectinaparticulargroup.EventhoughGJB2mutationshavebeenwidelyreportedintheliterature,thisdiscussionrepresentsthefirstreportofGJB2mutationsinChinesemulti-ethnicpopulations.

简介：ObjectiveToscreenformutationsinmyosin-7Agene(MYO7A)inpatientswithprelingualnonsyndromichearingimpairment.Methods31sporadicpatientswithcongenitalhearingimpairmentand65patientsfrom34familieswithprelingualhereditaryhearingimpairmentinChinaweretestedinthisstudy,and100hearingnormalindividualswereusedascontrol.GenomicDNAisolatedfromwholebloodofallsubjectswassubjectedtopolymerasechainreaction(PCR)toamplifyselectedexonsofMYO7Agene.ThePCRproductsweresubsequentlyscreenedusingsinglestrandconformationalpolymorphismanalysis(SSCP)anddirectsequencingwhenthefragmentsshowedanabnormalelectrophoreticpattern.ResultsGgAtransitionatposition617inexon7,whichwouldproduceanA206Gaminoacidsubstitution,wasdetectedintwopatientsbutinnoneoftheunaffectedmembersinthefamilies.ThisheterozygousmissensemutationhappenedwithinahighlyconservedheptapeptidesequenceofMYO7Aprotein,andiscloselyrelevanttopreligualnonsyndromicdeafness.ConclusionsTheA206Gsubstitutionispossiblyanewmutationtocausepreligualnonsyndromichearingimpairment.Ourresultsprovideevidencethatexon7ofMYO7Aisamutationalhotspotingenetichearingimpairment.

简介：Introduction:Otoacariasisisarareinfestationoftheearcanal,whichaffectsthequalityoflifeespeciallyinruralareas.Differenttypesofticksandmitesmaycauseotoacariasis.Althoughtreatmentofotoacariasisissimple,diseasestransmittedthroughticksandmitesshouldbeconsideredduringdiagnosisandtreatment.Bothlocalandsystemicsignsandsymptomsofsuchdiseasesshouldbefollowedup.AliteraturereviewwasconductedinPubMedusingthefollowingterms:'otoacariasis,''ticks,''mites,'and'outerearcanalinfestations.'Demographic,radiologic,andtreatmentoptionswerediscussed.Treatmenthintsandpitfallswerealsodiscussedwiththeliteraturereview.Conclusion:Inthispaper,wedescribeotoacariasisinhumansanddiscusstheappropriateinterventions.

简介：Vestibularschwannoma(VS)isaslow-growingbenignneoplasm.TherehasbeenanevolutioninthemanagementofVSfromactivetreatments(microsurgeryandstereotacticradiotherapy)toconservativemanagement(waitandscan).RegularMRIscanningisnecessarytomonitortumorprogression.Conservativemanagementcausessignificantlylesscomplicationsandoffersahigherqualityoflifecomparedwithactivetreatments.ThemeangrowthrateofVSvariesfrom0.4to2.9mm/year,andspontaneousshrinkageisobservedin3.8percentoftumorsduringobservation.Ifsignificantgrowthoccurs,activetreatmentisconsidered.Significantgrowthisdefinedasanincreaseofatleast3mminthelargestextrameataldiameterinanyplanebetweenthefirstandlastavailablescans.Thevestibulocochlearnerveissurroundedbycerebrospinalfluid,whichprovidesnaturalcontrastforMRI;thus,gadoliniummaynotbeneededtodetectVS.Specificsequenceshavehighsensitivity,specificity,andaccuracyfordetectionofprogression.HypointensesignalintheipsilateralinnerearfluidmightbeausefulsigntodistinguishVSfrommeningioma.Inthispaper,wesummarizethecurrentstatusofresearchonconservativemanagementandnon-contrastMRIforthedetectionofVS.