简介：目的：通过比较普通成年男性、女性最大时长/a/音的基频、强度等参数，分析不同性别成人声带稳定性的差异，探究声带稳定性及性别对最长声时的影响，为最长声时的取值规范提供参考。方法采用RealAnalysisTM录制90名普通成人（男性、女性各45名）的最大时长音/a/，采用Phonation提取声学参数。分析性别对最大时长/a/各参数的影响；选用以上参数界定声带稳定性，按参数值从小到大的顺序分别将男、女被试平均分为低、中、高3组，探究性别及声带稳定性对最长声时的影响。结果①男性及女性的基频变化范围、基频微扰、强度变化范围均不存在显著差异（P＞0.05）；女性的基频标准差和强度标准差显著大于男性（P＜0.05）；男性的强度微扰极显著高于女性（P＜0.01）。②男性基频变化范围中组的最长声时显著高于低组，其他参数的不同组别最长声时没有显著性差异。结论①发最大时长/a/音时，男性的声带振动稳定性好于女性。②基频变化范围对普通男性的最长声时有影响，而其他参数对普通成人的最长声时不存在影响。③基频变化范围可以作为普通成人最长声时取值规范的参考标准。

简介：Cisplatindamagescochlearhaircellsandspiralganglionneuronsthroughcelldeathsignalingpathwaysthatarenotfullyunderstood.Weusedfocusedapoptosisgenemicroarraystostudyearlychangesingeneexpres-sionincochlearculturesfromP3neonatalratstreatedwithcisplatin(0.2mM).After12hoursofcisplatintreat-ment,morethan50%ofthe96genesonthearrayshowedasignificantdecreaseinexpression,consistentwithwidespreadcelldeath.However,after3hoursofcisplatintreatment,10genesshowedsignificantincreaseinex-pressionintotalcochleartissue.Inexperimentswithsubsetsofcochleartissues,at3h,cisplatininducedincreasedexpressionof12genesinthecochlearsensoryepithelium(basilarmembrane)and11genesinthespiralganglion(tissueofRosenthal'scanal,containingthespiralganglion).Theseincludedpro-andanti-apoptoticgenesin-volvedinthep53signalingpathway,TNFreceptorfamily,NF-kappaBpathway,deathdomainfamily,deatheffec-tordomainfamily,Bcl-2family,CARDfamily,TRAFfamily,andGTPsignaltransduction.Althoughthechangesingeneexpressionshowedanoverlapbetweenbasilarmembraneandspiralganglion,otherchanges,whichmayreflecttheuniqueresponseofeachtissue,werealsoobserved.Pifithrin-αblockedcisplatin-inducedup-regulationofgenesinthep53signalingpathwaywhenassayedbybothsuperarrayandrealtimePCR.Thedataaddtoourunderstandingoftheinvolvementofp53incisplatin-inducedototoxicityandotoprotection,conferredbythep53inhibitorPifithrin-α.

简介：NuclearfactorkappaB(NF-κB)isoneofthebest-characterizedtranscriptionfactorsplayingimportantrolesinmanycellularresponsestoalargevarietyofstimuli,includinginflammatorycytokines,phorbolesters,growthfactors,andbacterialandviralproducts.TheaimofthisstudyistodemonstrateNF-κBexpressioninthemousecochleaanditsenhancementinresponsetolipopolysaccharides(LPS)andkanamycin(KA)treatment.MethodsKAtreatmentconsistedofsubcutaneousKAinjectionsat700mg/kgtwiceadaywithaneight-hourintervalbetweenthetwoinjectionsfor3or7days.ForanimalsintheLPStreatmentgroup,asingledoseof0.3mgLPSdissolvedin0.2mlsterilesalinewereinjectedintobothbullaethroughthetympanicmembraneandkepttherefor3hours.Animalsinthecontrolgroupreceivedsubcutaneoussalineinjectionfor7days.Followingimmmunohistochemichalprocessingwithrabbitpolyclonalanti-NF-κBp65antibodies,cryosectionsofthecochleawereexaminedforexpressionofNF-κBp65invariousstructuresinthecochlea.ResultsNF-κBp65expression,identifiedbypresenceofbrownreactionproductscharacteristicofDABimmunohistochemistry,wasvisibleinthespiralligament,spiralprominence,tectorialmembrane(TM),spiralganglionandnervefibers.RelativelyweakNF-κBp65expressionwasalsovisualizedintheorganofCorti.WithintheorganofCorti,theinnerhaircells(IHC),outerhaircells(OHC),innerpillarcells(IP),outerpillarcells(OP),Deiter'scells(DC),andBoettcher'scellsexhibitedstrongerstainingthantheinnersulcuscells,Hensen'scells(HC)andClaudius'cells.NoNF-κBp65expressionwasseeninthenucleusoftheIHCandOHC.NF-κBp65expressionwasincreasedinanimalsexposedtoLPSorKA,demonstratingsignificantdifferencesinthestainingbetweencontrolanimalsandLPS/KA-treatedanimals.NF-κBp65expressionwasnotsignificantlydifferentbetweenLPStreatedandKAtreatedanimalsorbetween3and7daysinKA-treatedanimals.Conclusio

简介：目的：探讨失匹配负波（mismatchnegativity，MMN）检查在正常青年人中的特点，并分析阅读状态和集中注意力时MMN检查的结果有无差异。方法对12例青年女性（年龄29-31y，平均30.08y）和18例青年男性（年龄27-34y，平均30.22y）行MMN检查，所有受试者均行听性脑干反应（ABR）阈值检查，确定ABR阈值，MMN检查在受试者在阅读状态和集中注意力状态时分别检测，采用oddball刺激方式，给予短纯音刺激，偏差刺激声为2000Hz，概率为20%，标准刺激为1000Hz，概率为80%，刺激频率为1.1次/s，刺激声强度为ABR阈上50dBnHL；观察MMN潜伏期及波幅的特点。结果所有受试者ABR阈值均≤25dBnHL。每例受试者均可引出MMN波形，女性在阅读状态下MMN潜伏期为159.57±20.64ms，波幅为3.82±1.38uV，在集中注意力状态下MMN潜伏期为155.96±17.51ms，波幅为4.28±1.89uV，经配对t检验潜伏期和波幅在两种状态下无显著差异；男性在阅读状态下MMN潜伏期为150.48±19.57ms，波幅为3.75±1.27uV，在集中注意力状态下MMN潜伏期为144.81±15.42ms，波幅为3.99±1.34uV，经配对t检验潜伏期和波幅在两种状态下无显著差异；经独立样本t检验，男女在上述两种状态下MMN波幅和潜伏期均无显著差异。结论正常青年男女均能引出MMN波形，男女之间MMN检查的波幅和潜伏期无差异，阅读状态和集中注意力状态对MMN检查的波幅和潜伏期无影响。

简介：ObjectiveAlongwithchangesintheecologysystemandundertheinfluenceofvariousenvironmentalfactors,theincidenceoftumorhasbeenincreasingyearafteryear.Thereisatrendincancertherapytomovetocombinedtherapiesinvolvingsurgery,radiationchemotherapyandgenetherapy.Cancergenetherapyinrecentyearshasbroughtnewopportunitiesfortreatmentoftumor.Itsadvantagesincludelowrateoftolerance,insensitivitytocellcycles,highspecificityandcoverageforbothprimaryandmetastatictumors1,2.However,thisisanewfieldofclinicalresearch.RegardingthecorrelationamongtheSTAT3,CyclinD1andP21genesandtumors,researchhasfocusedontheirexpressionandregulation.Thisarticleprovidesasummaryofrelatedresearch.

简介：Background:Currently,thereisasignificantlackofdataconcerninglong-termoutcomesfollowingpaediatriccochlearimplantationintermsofqualityoflife.Thereisaneedforalong-term,prospectivestudyinthisregard.Thisstudyaimsathighlightingthepreliminaryresults,oneyearpostsurgeryofafiveyearprospectivestudy.Methods:TheCochlearTMPaediatricImplantedRecipientObservationalStudy（P-IROS）isaprospective,patientoutcomesregistryforroutinelyimplantedchildren.Thestudycollectsdatausingquestionnairespost-surgeryandatregularintervalsuptofiveyears.Results:AtourCentre,159cochlearimplantsurgeryprocedureswerecarriedoutbetweenJanuary2014andDecember2014.CategoryofAuditoryPerformanceIIscoreincreasedfrom‘0’to‘3’atsixmonthsandto‘5’at12monthsforchildrenaged0—3years,althoughthiswasnotstatisticallysignificant.However,thesametrendwasstatisticallysignificantfortheage3—6yearandage6—10yearbrackets.Thequalityoflifeofthechildimprovedsignificantly.Analysisofcommunicationmoderevealedastatisticallysignificantoverallshifttotheauditory-oralmodefromtotalcommunication.Conclusion:Cochlearimplantationisalife-changingintervention.Theevidenceinsupportofwhatitcanachievesafelyisclear.However,thecostsassociatedwithitraisethequestionifitwillremainaneffectiveoptionforlifeinallchildren.TheCochlearP-IROSisanattempttoanswerthesameoverafiveyearperiod.OurstudyinNewDelhi,sofarconcludesthatcochlearimplantationinapopulationwithlimitedaccesstofundsisveryeffective,oneyearaftersurgery.

简介：本文对50例平坦型感音神经性聋病人用声反射阈以及AP-N1潜伏期检查响度重振进行了分析,结果显示:声反射阈重振阳性率为76%,纯音听阈与声反射阈阳性率的关系为:随着听阈的增高声反射阈阳性率下降;耳蜗电图在高声强时AP-N1潜伏期完全在正常范围的占56%,若以患耳与正常耳在同一阚上dB数比较,则100%小于正常耳,显示重振阳性.如果两指标结合检测,响度重振阳性率也明显提高.我们认为用AP-N1潜伏期检测响度重振方法可行、理论依据充分,且用它检测响度重振的阳性率明显高于声反射阈.

简介：摘要目的探讨老年患者体外冲击波碎石术围手术期护理体会。方法选取临床76例泌尿系结石患者的临床护理资料进地分析。结果通过精心的术前、术后护理减轻患得的痛苦，临床治疗疗效满意。结论治疗前应先控制感染，住院期间严密观察患者病情变化，提高疗效，减少并发症。

简介：目的研究10号染色体缺失张力蛋白磷酸酶（phosphataseandtensinhomologuedeletedonchromosometen，PTFEN）、磷酸化Akt（P—Akt）及核转录因子-KB（NF—KB）在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中的表达，探讨P13K（phos—phatidylinositol-3-kinase，磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶）-Akt信号通路在中耳胆脂瘤上皮细胞过度增殖机制中的可能作用。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法（辣根酶标记链霉卵白素连接法，streptavidin—peroxidaseconjugatedmethod）检测30例中耳胆脂瘤组织标本与15例正常外耳道皮肤标本中PTEN、P—Akt及NF—KB蛋白的表达。结果PTEN蛋白阳性表达主要定位于上皮细胞核，其在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中阳性表达率为36．7％，明显低于正常外耳道皮肤组的9313％（P〈0．01）；P—Akt蛋白阳性表达主要定位于上皮细胞胞质，其在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中阳性表达率为70．0％．明显高于正常外耳道皮肤组的26．7％（P〈0．01）；NF—KB蛋白阳性表达定位于上皮细胞核．其在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中阳性表达率为63-3％，明显高于正常外耳道皮肤组的20．0％（P〈0．01）。在30例中耳胆脂瘤上皮组织中，PTEN分别与P—Akt、NF—KB蛋白的表达之间呈显著负相关（P〈0．01），而P—Akt和NF—KB蛋白的表达呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）。结论PTEN、P-Akt和NF—KB在中耳胆脂瘤上皮的异常表达可能在胆脂瘤的发生、发展过程中起重要作用。胆脂瘤上皮中P13K—Akt信号通路的激活可能参与了胆脂瘤上皮细胞过度增殖机制。