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简介：肝炎B病毒(HBV)感染是使世界范围的3.5亿个人担心的一个全球公共健康问题。有长期的肝炎B(CHB)的个人在开发肝肝硬化，肝的补偿不全和hepatocellular癌的增加的风险。为了维持，无法发现的病毒的负担减少长期的感染复杂并发症。没有治疗，根除HBV感染。当前的药是昂贵的，与不利事件被联系，并且具有有限功效。当前的指南试着标准化临床的实践。不过，争吵与CHB关于无征状的病人的管理留下，并且什么是肝炎Be抗原(HBeAg)与正常丙氨酸aminotransferase积极是病毒的负担的截止价值区分HBeAg否定的CHB病人和不活跃的搬运人。我们详细讨论DNA水平为什么独自不是足够的开始CHB的治疗。

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简介：瞄准：在首先有教养的人的胎儿的hepatocytes(HFH)调查肝炎B(HBV)的感染和复制。方法：人的胎儿的hepatocytes在没有浆液的中等、HBV积极的浆液是有教养的被增加进媒介学习hepatocytes的危险性到HBV感染。上层清液为ELISA被收集HBsAg和HBeAg的试金，和为HBV-DNA的量的荧光PCR试金日报。白朊和HBcAg，CK8和CK18表情被免疫组织化学在有教养的hepatocytes检测。lactatedehydrogenate(LDH)的内容被测量发现房间膜的正直。结果：一个稳定的hepatocyte文化系统被建立。HBV能感染hepatocytes并且复制，并且HBcAg表示能被免疫组织化学在象hepatocyte一样房间检测。在上层清液的HBV-DNA能从d被检测2到d18并且HBsAg和HBeAg在d3-d上是积极的18在HBV感染以后。在媒介的HBV从d增加了0到d6并且当房间日益增多地正在松开他们的hepatocyte显型，随后减少了。结论：HBV能感染人的胎儿的hepato-cytes并且复制。这个在试管内模型在与人的HBV入口联系进房间和随后的复制的早事件上允许详细研究。

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简介：Oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN)containingunmethylatedCpGdinucleotidesincontextsofuniquesequence(CpGmotifs)isactiveasadjuvantininductionofcellularandhumoralimmuneresponsesinyoungmice.Todate,thereareonlylimitedreportsabouteffectofCpGODNonimmuneresponsesagainsthepatitisB(HB)infectioninagedmice.Ourstudiesdemonstratedthereweresignificantincreasesinsecretingoftotalanti-HBIgG,IgG1andIgG2a,aswellasofIL-12andIFN-γ,whenCpGODNswereinjectedtogetherwithhepatitisBantigeninagedmice.Moreover,CpGODNcouldstimulateproliferationofspleenlymphocytesinadose-dependentmanner.Takentogether,theresultsweobtainedindicatethattheaddingofCpGODNintothevaccineantigenmightbeusefulindevelopmentofmoreeffectivevaccinationforinducinganti-HBvirusresponsesintheelderly.

简介：瞄准：为了学习流行和风险因素，与人的免疫不全与三倍的感染联系了在一张城市的诊所人口的病毒(HIV)/hepatitisB(HBV)/hepatitisC病毒(HCV)。方法：5639个病人的回顾的图表评论在纽约城市里在圣卢凯斯鲁塞韦尔特医院HIV诊所(全面照顾的中心)列在后面，从1999年1月的美国到2007年5月。下列人口统计的特征被分析：年龄，性别，种族和HIV冒因素的风险。多重逻辑回归分析被执行在这些病毒的获得上评估人口统计的因素的影响。结果：HIV/HBV，HIV/HCV和HIV/HBV/HCV感染在252/5639(4.47%)被检测，1411/5639(25.02%)和89/5639(1.58%)病人分别地。HIV/HBV合作感染与男性被联系(或1.711；P=0.005)，黑色跑(或2.091；P<0.001)，人与\O性交人(MSM)(或1.747；P=0.001)，静脉内的药使用(IDU)(或0.114；P<0.001)，IDU和异性爱的活动(或0.247；P=0.018)，或未知(或1.984；P=0.004)。HIV/HCV合作感染与男性被联系(或1.241；P=0.011)，黑色跑(或0.788；P=0.036)，MSM(或0.565；P<0.001)，IDU(或8.956；P<0.001)，IDU和异性爱的活动(或9.106；P<0.001)，IDU和MSM(或9.179；P<0.001)，或输送(或3.224；P<0.001)。HIV/HBV/HCV合作感染与男性被联系(或2.156；P=0.015)，IDU(或6.345；P<0.001)，IDU和异性爱的活动(或9.731；P<0.001)，IDU和MSM(或9.228；P<0.001)，或未知(或4.219；P=0.007)。结论：我们的学习证明有HBV/HCV/HIV的合作感染显著地与IDU被联系。这些结果加亮需要加强教育和综合照顾的最佳的模型，特别地为有IDU的人口，到减少病毒的传播的风险。

简介：证据建议exosomes能转移在房间之间的基因材料。然而，他们在肝炎B的角色病毒(HBV)感染遗体不清楚。这里，我们报导在长期的肝炎B(CHB)病人的sera在场的exosomes包含了两HBVnucleic酸和HBV蛋白质，并且以一种活跃方式把HBV转移了到hepatocytes。尤其是，HBVnucleic酸在生来的杀手(NK)被检测从在到HBV积极的exosomes的暴露以后的CHB病人和健康施主的房间。通过即时荧光显微镜学和流动cytometry，1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3，-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine,4-chlorobenzenesulfnate盐()标记的exosomes被观察与NK房间交往并且被NK房间收起，它被转变生长因素提高--治疗。而且，HBV积极的exosomes损害了NK房间功能，包括干扰素(IFN)-生产，cytolytic活动，NK房间增长和幸存，以及房间到的应答poly(我:C)刺激。HBV感染压制了模式识别受体的表示，特别retinoic酸可诱导的基因我(RIG-I)在NK房间上，导致原子因素B(NF-B)和p38阻抑激活mitogen的蛋白质kinase小径。我们的结果在CHB感染期间在HBV传播和NK房间机能障碍加亮exosomes的一个以前未得到欣赏的角色。

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简介：HepatitisBvirus（HBV）isasignificantglobalpathogenandefficientcureforHBVpatientsisstillachallenginggoal.Wepreviouslyreportedthatacidicmucopolysaccharidefromstichopusjaponicusselenka（SJAMP）couldinhibitHBsAgandHBeAgexpressioninvitro.However,thepotentialanti-HBVeffectsofSJAMPinvivohavenotyetbeenexplored.Inthisstudy,weshowthatSJAMPexhibitspotentanti-HBVactivityinHBVtransgenicmiceinadose-dependentmanner.Specifically,sixtyHBVtransgenicmaleBALB/cmicewererandomlyselectedtoreceivethetreatmentofPBS,lowdoseSJAMP(30mgkg-1),middledoseSJAMP(40mgkg-1),highdoseSJAMP(50mgkg-1)andIFN(45IUkg-1)for30d.SJAMPtreatmentsuppressedserumHBV-DNA,andliverHBsAgandHBcAglevelsinHBV-transgenicmice.ThepresentstudyhighlightsthepotentialapplicationofSJAMPinHBVtherapy.

简介：DuckhepatitisBvims(DHBV)DNAwasdetectedindifferenttumorousnodulesofduckswithhepaticmulticentriccancerorintrahepaticmetastasisbySouthernblottechnique.Among7duckswithhepatocellularcarcinomaofmultipletumornodules,thehybridizationpatternofIntegratedDHBVDNAIndifferenttumorousnoduleswasidenticalin3casesanddifferentin2cases.OnecaseshowedasimilarhybridizationpatternintwotumorousnodulesandotheronewasnegativetorDHBVDNA.IntegratedDHBVDNAwasalsoidentifiedinametastaticlungcancerofduckswithhepatocellularcarcinoma.Thehybridizationpatternofmetastasisoflungswasasthesomeasthatinprimaryhepatocellularcarcinoma.ThesamediscretehybridizationbandsInthedifferenttumorousnodulesindicatethatthesenodulesmightarisefromonetransformedcell.ThedifferenthybridizationpatternsInvarioustumorousnodulesshowthatthesetumorousnodulesmightarisefromvarioustransformedcells.Theresultssuggestthatthehyb

简介：AbstractChronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection caused by mother-to-child transmission (MTCT, also known as vertical transmission) during the perinatal period is a major public health problem worldwide. Despite the availability of the combined active-passive immunization with a hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin after birth, about 9% of newborns are still infected with HBV, especially those born to hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive mothers. Currently, the management of HBV infection during pregnancy remains controversial. This article briefly reviews the recent advances in the epidemiology of HBV, immunization against it, and management strategies in the third trimester.

简介：HepatitisB(HB)virus(HBV)infection,whichcauseslivercirrhosisandhepatocellularcarcinoma,isendemicworldwide.HepatitisBvaccinesbecamecommerciallyavailableinthe1980s.TheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedtheintegrationoftheHBvaccineintothenationalimmunisationprogramsinallcountries.HBVpreventionstrategiesareclassifiedintothreegroups:(1)universalvaccinationalone;(2)universalvaccinationwithscreeningofpregnantwomenplusHBimmuneglobulin(HBIG)atbirth;and(3)selectivevaccinationwithscreeningofpregnantwomenplusHBIGatbirth.Mostlow-incomecountrieshaveadopteduniversalvaccineprogramswithoutscreeningofpregnantwomen.However,HBvaccinesarenotwidelyusedinlow-incomecountries.TheGlobalAllianceforVaccineandImmunizationwaslaunchedin2000,andby2012,theglobalcoverageofathree-doseHBvaccinehadincreasedto79%.Thenextchallengesaretofurtherincreasethecoveragerate,closethegapbetweenrecommendationsandroutinepractices,approachhighriskindividuals,screenandtreatchronicallyinfectedindividuals,andpreventbreakthroughinfections.ToeradicateHBVinfections,strenuouseffortsarerequiredtoovercomesocioeconomicbarrierstotheHBvaccine;thistaskisexpectedtotakeseveraldecadestocomplete.

简介：瞄准：由transfecting观察肝炎B复制和表示的抑制基于向量的小干扰RNA(siRNA)pGenesil-HBVX指向HBVX基因区域进HepG2.2.15房间。方法：pGenesil-HBVX被构造并且transfected进经由lipofection的HepG2.2.15房间。HBV抗原分泌物被决定在由解决时间的immunofluorometric试金(TRFIA)的transfection以后的24，48，和72h。HBV复制被荧光检验细胞质的病毒的蛋白质的量的PCR，和表示被免疫组织化学决定。结果：进上层清液的HBsAg和HBeAg的分泌物被发现被28.5%和32.2%禁止(P<0.01)，并且在38.67%(P<0.05)并且42.86%(P<0.01)在在pGenesil-HBVXtransfection以后的48h和72h分别地。为细胞质的HBsAg染色的Immunohistochemical在HepG2.2.15房间显示出类似的衰落在transfection以后的48h。在文化上层清液以内的HBV染色体的数字显著地也被减少48h和由荧光PCR确定了的72hpost-transfection(P<0.05)。结论：在HepG2.2.15房间，HBV复制和表示被指向编码区域的HBVX的基于向量的siRNApGenesil-HBVX禁止。

简介：Objective:ToassesstheeffectofantiviraltherapyforhepatitisBvirus(HBV)-relatedhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC)afterradicalhepatectomy.Methods:Atotalof478HBV-relatedHCCpatientstreatedbyradicalhepatectomywereretrospectivelycollected.Patientsinthetreatmentgroup(n=141)receivedpostoperativelamivudinetreatment(100mg/d),whereaspatientsinthecontrolgroup(n=337)didnot.Recurrence-freesurvival(RFS)rates,overallsurvival(OS)rates,treatmentsforrecurrentHCCandcauseofdeathwerecomparedbetweenthetwogroups.Propensityscorematching(PSM)analysiswasalsoconductedtoreduceconfoundingbiasbetweenthetwogroups.Results:The1-,3-,and5-yearRFSratesdidn’tsignificantlydifferbetweenthetwogroups(P=0.778);however,the1-,3-,and5-yearOSratesinthetreatmentgroupweresignificantlyhigherthanthoseinthecontrolgroup(P=0.002).Similarresultswereobservedinthematcheddata.SubgroupanalysisshowedthatantiviraltreatmentconferredasignificantsurvivalbenefitforBarcelonaClinicalLiverCancerstageA/Bpatients.FollowingHCCrecurrence,morepeopleinthetreatmentgroupwereabletochoosecurativetreatmentsthanthoseinthecontrolgroup(P=0.031).Forcauseofdeath,fewerpeopleinthetreatmentgroupdiedofliverfailurethanthoseinthecontrolgroup(P=0.041).Conclusion:PostoperativeantiviraltherapyincreaseschancesofreceivingcurativetreatmentsforrecurrentHCCandpreventsdeathbecauseofliverfailure,therebysignificantlyprolongingOS,especiallyinearly-orintermedian-stagetumors.

简介：AbstractLow-level viremia (LLV) was defined as persistent or intermittent episodes of detectable hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA (<2000 IU/mL, detection limit of 10 IU/mL) after 48 weeks of antiviral treatment. Effective antiviral therapies for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, such as entecavir (ETV), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), have been shown to inhibit the replication of HBV DNA and prevent liver-related complications. However, even with long-term antiviral therapy, there are still a number of patients with persistent or intermittent LLV. At present, the research on LLV to address whether adversely affect the clinical outcome is limited, and the follow-up treatment for these patients is open to question. At the same time, the mechanism of LLV is not clear. In this review, we summarize the incidence of LLV, the association between LLV and long-term outcomes, possible mechanisms, and management strategies in these patient populations.

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简介：AIM:ToelucidatethemolecularmechanismsunderlyinghepatitisBvirus(HBV)occultinfectionofgenotypeC.METHODS:Atotalof10typesofhepatitisBsurfaceantigen(HBsAg)variantsfromaKoreanoccultcohortwereused.AfteracompleteHBVgenomeplasmidmutatedsuchthatitdoesnotexpressHBsAgandplasmidencoding,eachHBsAgvariantwastransientlyco-transfectedintoHuH-7cells.ThesecretioncapacityandintracellularexpressionoftheHBVvirionsandHBsAgsintheirrespectivevariantswereanalyzedusingreal-timequantitativepolymerasechainreactionassaysandcommercialHBsAgenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassays,respectively.RESULTS:AllvariantsexhibitedlowerlevelsofHBsAgsecretionintothemediumcomparedwiththewildtype.Inparticular,ineightofthetenvariants,verylowlevelsofHBsAgsecretionthatweresimilartothenegativecontrolweredetected.Incontrast,mostvariants(9/10)exhibitednormalvirionsecretioncapacitiescomparablewith,orevenhigherthan,thewildtype.ThisprovidednewinsightintotheintrinsicnatureofoccultHBVinfection,whichleadstoHBsAgsero-negativenessbuthashorizontalinfectivity.Furthermore,mostvariantsgeneratedhigherreactiveoxidativespeciesproductionthanthewildtype.ThisfindingprovidespotentiallinksbetweenoccultHBVinfectionandliverdiseaseprogression.CONCLUSION:ThepresentlyobtaineddataindicatethatdeficiencyinthesecretioncapacityofHBsAgvariantsmayhaveapivotalfunctionintheoccultinfectionsofHBVgenotypeC.

简介：Thereversetranscriptase(RT)proteinofhepatitisBvirus(HBV)hasbeensuccessfullyexpressedbyrecombinanttechnologyinEschericahiacoli(E.coli).Inthisstudyweaimedtodevelopasemi-quantitativeassayforthestudyofHBVRTproteinusingthissystem.CompleteHBVpolymerasegenefromawildtypevirus(rt306P)andthepolymerasegenefromamutant,withrt306Psubstitutedbyserine(rtP306S)wereseparatelyfusedtothemaltosebindingprotein(MBP)geneandexpressedinE.colirespectively.TheexpressionlevelsofHBVpolymerasegenesfromthewildtypevirusanditscounterpartmutantatrt306werecompared.Whentheseproteinsweresemi-quantifiedbyWesternblottingusingrabbitanti-TPserum,thertP306SmutantshoweddecreasedexpressionofMBP-HBVpolymerase.Bythismethod,wehaveshownthattheexpressionlevelofHBVRTcouldbeaffectedbysubstitutionsinitsaminoacidsequences,andthismethodcouldbeusedtostudythecharacteristicsofHBVRTprotein.

简介：瞄准：为了为在肝炎B估计肝的纤维变性决定结缔组织生长因素(CCN2/CTGF)的用途，病毒(HBV)导致了长期的肝疾病(CLD-B)。方法：连接酶的immunosorbent试金被用来与导致HBV的活跃的肝肝硬化和30个健康个人与长期的肝炎B(CHB)和39个病人从107个病人在sera测量CCN2。从有CHB，有导致HBV的肝肝硬化的8个病人和有正常的肝组织学的8个HBV搬运人的31个病人的肝样品为转变生长因素-1(TGF-1)或CCN2mRNA层次由被检验在situ杂交，并且计算机图象分析被执行在肝纸巾测量CCN2mRNA积极的房间的综合最佳的密度(IOD)。组织学的发炎分级和纤维变性阶段被H并且E染色和凡·吉森斯方法评估。结果：分别地，浆液CCN2集中作为与健康个人相比在有CHB或活跃的肝肝硬化的病人更高是4.0褶层或4.9褶层(P<0.01)。在肝纸巾在在sera和CCN2mRNA表示的CCN2的层次之间有好一致性(r=0.87，P<0.01)。在sera的CCN2的层次与CLD-B在病人与组织学的纤维变性阶段的改进被增加(r=0.85，P<0.01)。浆液CCN2是为对肝纤维变性的评价的一个可靠标记，与在操作为从有F1阶段肝纤维变性的病人的分别地，区分的正常的肝控制的0.94或0.85的特征(巨鸟)曲线(AUC)或在温和、重要的纤维变性之间区别的接收装置下面的区域。结论：在有CLD-B的病人的浆液CCN2的察觉可以为对肝的纤维变性的严厉的评价有临床的意义。