简介：摘要目的对改良式婴幼儿约束带在手术室的临床应用的分析与探讨。方法以改良式婴幼儿约束带在临床的应用为对象，就其改良式的婴幼儿约束带在我院临床试验上应用所取得的效果进行一系列的总结。结果改良式的婴幼儿约束带对于约束婴儿行动来说具有很好的效果。结论不同的婴幼儿约束方式有着各自的约束优点，同时也有自己的约束范围，在实际的操作过程中需要根据婴儿的具体情况来选择应用约束带，针对性的选择约束方式，以达到很好的约束婴幼儿晃动的效果。

简介：小美每天要接触许多不同的客户，还需要在外面四处奔波。最近天气总是不稳定且温差大。一天早上起床的时候，她感到喉咙不适，还干咳了几声，到了下午上班的时候，她鼻塞已经很严重了，头脑也有些混沌。

简介：目的观察脑血管造影术后应用约束带辅助下肢制动对并发症的影响。方法选择200例脑血管造影患者,按造影顺序分为观察组和对照组各100例。对照组术后指导患者下肢制动12h、静卧24h,局部沙袋固定加压;观察组在对照组基础上用约束带辅助下肢制动。观察两组并发症发生率。结果两组患者术后穿刺部位淤血、血肿及腰背酸痛、肢体麻木、排尿困难、失眠等发生率比较有统计学意义。结论脑血管造影术后应用约束带辅助下肢制动能降低术后并发症的发生。

简介：摘要目的探讨凡士林与约束带并用在神经外科烦躁病人中的应用比较。方法随机将神经外科烦躁患者分为对照组和观察组，对照组采用常规约束带，观察组在常规约束带下涂上凡士林，将两组约束部位的局部皮肤情况进行比较。结果观察组约束效果明显优于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在约束带下涂凡士林的约束方法在临床应用中优于传统法，值得推广使用。

简介：摘要目的精神科病房患者保护性约束使用特征及临床护理,探讨管理对策。方法选择2012年1月～12月间我院收治的进行约束保护的精神病患者100例病历资料，回顾收集本组100例进行约束保护的精神病患者的护理记录、约束保护记录、病历中关于有无并发症、持续时段、部位、年龄、时间、约束原因、住院次数、诊断等相关信息。结果有100例采用了保护性约束，占到了总数的285%。而其中有70例（70%）的精神病患者是首次住院，这充分说明，首次住院精神病患者保护性约束率高,依从性差。结论患者保护性约束使用率尚有下降空间,控制重点在于减少预防性约束保护的使用,约束保护有待进一步规范,关键在于护士明确约束保护的指征,规范约束的告知,提高约束保护的技能,改进约束保护的工具和流程,确保患者安全,提升患者约束期间的舒适度。

简介：2013年7月3日《武汉晚报》报道，不久前，肖阳上厕所时，发现肛门处血像自来水往外喷，起身回到房间两眼一黑，倒在沙发上昏了半个小时才缓过神。清醒后肖阳意识到问题的严重，赶紧叫了的士，跑去医院。。检查结果显示他的血红素只有6克，只有健康人正常值的一半左右，属于重度贫血。

简介：摘要目的探讨保护性约束在ICU易引发纠纷的原因，提出防范对策。方法采用回顾性分析方法对我科2011年1月~2012年12月住院期间因实施保护性约束发生护患纠纷的病例进行分析，总结产生纠纷的原因。结果因保护性约束引发护患纠纷的原因有家属因素、医务人员因素。结论加强约束前告知、制定保护性约束的细化标准和流程、加强心理护理、保证充足的人力资源可减少护患纠纷的发生。

简介：摘要目的探讨系统化护理干预对脑梗死患者身体功能的恢复影响。方法对我院2011年-2012年150例脑梗死患者进行治疗，并按照随机数字法分成观察组和对照组，每组各75例。其中观察组采用系统化护理干预模式，对照组采用常规护理模式，对比观察两组的护理效果。结果观察组和对照组进行治疗后，观察组并发症的发生率、住院期限、自理能力等方面都要明显优于对照组患者，两组对比差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论对患者进行系统化护理，能有效改善患者的预后情况，减少并发症，提高患者的生存质量，值得在临床上推广应用。

简介：58岁的傅先生在一家工厂当中层领导。他的学历不高，从小技术员一路升任上来是非常辛苦的。傅先生从年轻时就有吸烟、喝酒的习惯，再加上脾气直率，常常会生气，自然，他也就成了高血压的老病号。

简介：摘要目的为了分析人流后若干年对甲状腺指标的影响。方法测定35-55岁之前做人流术后三次人群甲状腺激素各项指标并分析。这年龄阶段进行统计学分析研究。统计人流3次后35-55岁并发甲减的机率。结果在35岁以前做人流超过三次者机体免疫功能下降引起甲减。并且人流术后出血量多，时间久引起贫血病人，甲状腺激素抗体高滴度。结论盲目频繁地做人流对身体伤危害很大。必须加以重视。

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简介：摘要目的通过对乌鲁木齐市500多名农民工的健康状况及其影响因素调查，科学反映乌鲁木齐市农民工身体基本健康状况，并分析影响我区农民工身体健康状况的影响因素，提出科学实效的措施，为提高我区农民工身体健康状况，充分实现我区农民工健康权益保障。方法运用文献收集法、问卷及量表调查法、方差分析与t检验等统计方法对数据进行收集、处理、分析。结果乌鲁木齐市农民工生活条件差，社会保障水平低，健康状况不容乐观。经t检验和方差分析认为对我区农民工健康状况影响较为明显的因素分别为族别、性别、文化程度、职业分布等。结论针对我区农民工身体健康状况差，健康影响因素有特殊性和复杂性，社会保障工作不到位，建议进一步完善和落实各项社会保障制度，加大健康教育，加强监管，依靠政府工作，切实保障我市农民工身体健康，控制和减少影响我市农民工健康的影响因素。

简介：目的调查不同层次护理人员在约束带使用过程中面临的伦理困境,明确产生的原因,提出解决措施.方法入选2010年3月-2012年6月在该院工作、来该院进修学习的护士和护士长以及江苏省省级护士长培训班和南京市市级护士长培训班的护士长共400名作为随机调查对象,了解其在约束带使用过程中面临的伦理困境.结果高年资护士及护士长比低年资护士更能关注到进行身体约束时面临的伦理问题并采取有效方式进行解决,高年资护士及护士长对使用约束带前签署知情同意书持肯定态度的占93%和96%、在约束带使用前能够向患者或家属解释使用的必要性并征得同意的占77%和79%.结论正确认识在执行身体约束时护理人员面临的伦理困境,加强相关培训尤其是对中低年资护士的培训,才能有效提高护理人员的伦理意识,采取正确的方法面对伦理问题.

简介：AIM:TodiscusstheimpactofLyciumBarbarumPolysaccharide(LBP)andDanshensupurifiedfromTraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)onvascularendothelialgrowthfactor(VEGF)ofrabbitswithretinalneovascularization.METHODS:Fortyrabbitsweredividedintonormalcontrolgroup,modelcontrolgroup,LBPgroupandDanshensugroup.Animalsinthenormalcontrolgroupwerefedinthenormaloxygenenvironment.Animalsintheotherthreegroupswereputintotheenvironmentwith70%oxygenfor5daysinordertobuildthemodelofoxygen-inducedvascularproliferationretinopathy.AndthendifferentTCMextractwasinjectedintotheabdominalcavitiesoftheseannimals.After7days,theVEGFcontentofintheserumofrabbitwasmeasuredbydoubleantibodysandwichmethod.RESULTS:DataanalysisindicatedthatVEGFcontentwasasfollows:Danshensugroupwaslowerthanmodelcontrolgroup(12.92±3.84ng/Lvs19.32±4.15ng/L,P<0.05);LBPgroupandnormalcontrolgroupwerelowerthanmodelcontrolgroup(12.92±3.84ng/L,9.26±1.61ng/Lvs19.32±4.15ng/L,P<0.01);totalbloodviscosity,plasmaviscosity,cholesterolcontent,fibrinogencontentandtriacylglycerolcontentafterperitonealinjectionofLBPandDanshensuwereobviouslylowerthanbeforeinjection.CONCLUSION:TCMextract-LBPandDanshensucanprominentlyreducethecontentofVEGFintheprocessofvascularproliferativeretinopathyofrabbit;canpreventtheoccurrenceofretinalmicrovasculardiseasebyimprovingpartialoxygen-deficientenvironmentoraffectingallkindsofnewgrowthfactor.

简介：AIM:ToexploretheinhibitoryeffectofasustainedcyclosporinA(CsA)deliverymicrosphere(CsA-MS)onposteriorcapsularopacification(PCO)inrabbiteyesaftercataractextraction.·METHODS:TwentyNewZealandwhiterabbitsacceptedcataractextractionplusintraocularlensimplantationandtheirlefteyeswereintraoperativelyinjectedCsA-MSpreparedusingpolymerpolylactioglycolicacid(PLGA)asacarrierandtheirrighteyeswereinjectedwithemptyMS.Thechangesincornea,anteriorchamberreaction,intraocularpressure,PCOandCsAconcentrationinaqueoushumorwereexaminedpostoperativelyandalltheeyeswereenucleated3monthsaftersurgeryforhistopathologicalandmorphologicalexaminationwithlightmicroscopyandelectronmicroscopy.·RESULTS:Conjunctivalhyperemia,cornealedema,intraocularpressureandanteriorchamberresponseofexperimentalandcontroleyesweresimilar,whilePCOinCsAMSinjectedeyeswasgreatlyimprovedcomparedwiththatincontroleyes.PosteriorcapsulesinCsA-MSinjectedeyesweresmoothandlensepithelialcells(LEC)didnotproliferatesignificantly(P>0.05),whileLECinposteriorcapsuleofcontroleyeshaddifferentdegreesofproliferationandcorticalregeneration.LECinCsA-MSinjectedeyeswerenotfunctionallyactiveandunderwentapoptosis,whereasLECincontroleyeswerefunctionallyactive(F-test,P=0.025).Inaddition,thecornealultrastructureshowednodifferencesbetweenCsA-MSandMSinjectedeyes.CONCLUSION:CsA-MShashighbioavailabilityinrabbiteyesandcouldinhibitpostoperativePCOoccurrenceanddevelopmentduringthestudyperiod,suggestingthatCsA-MSmaybeapromising,effectiveandsafeadministrationroutetopreventPCOinclinic.

简介：AIM:ToinvestigatetheeffectofY-27632onthesurvivalandneuriteoutgrowthoftheculturedretinalneurocytes.METHODS:Afterthepostnatalday2-3,Sprague-Dawleyretinalneurocyteswereculturedfor48hours,theculturemediawasreplacedwithserum-freemedia(controlgroup)andserum-freemediacontained30μmol/LY-27632(Y-27632group),andthecellswerecontinuallyculturedanother48hours.Theculturedretinalneurocyteswereidentifiedwithanti-neuronspecificenolase(NSE)immunocytochemistry.ThesurvivalstateofthosecellswasestimatedbyMTTassay,andtheneuriteoutgrowthofthosecellswasevaluatedbythecomputerizedimage-analysissystem.RESULTS:Comparedwiththecontrolgroup,theabsorbancevaluesofcellssurvivalinY-27632groupincreased12.90%and33.33%respectivelyafter72and96hoursculture.Y-27632hadnosignificanteffectonthediameterofculturedretinalneurocytes.Comparedwiththecontrolgroup,Y-27632inducedastableimprovementofneuriteoutgrowthofretinalneurocytesafter72and96hoursculture(P=0.001).CONCLUSION:Y-27632couldpromotethesurvivalandneuriteoutgrowthoftheearlypostnatalculturedretinalneurocytes.

简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheepidemiologic,anatomic,andclinicalfeaturesofopenglobeinjuriesinchildren.METHODS:Themedicalfilesofpatientsundertheageof16whohadbeenoperatedforanopenglobeinjuryatAkdenizUniversityHospital’sDepartmentofOphthalmologywereretrospectivelyevaluated.RESULTS:Atotalof90patientswereevaluatedinthisstudy.Amongthesepatients,26(28.9%)werefemaleand64(71.1%)weremale.Themeanageofthepatientswas7.7±4.2years.Themale/femaleratiowasobservedtoincreasewithincreasingage(P=0.006,P=7.48).Injuriesweremostlikelytooccurinspringandautumn(P=0.028).Thetimeintervalbetweentheinjuryandthesurgicalrepairwas9.36±27.4h.Forty(44.4%)oftheinjuriesoccurredinthehome,27(30%)occurredintheyard,and21(23.3%)happenedwhileplayinginthestreet.Themostcommoncausesofinjuryweresharpmetalobjects(P<0.001).Injurytothecorneaoccurredin47(52.2%)ofthepatients(P<0.001).Themostcommoncomplicationtooccurwascataractformation.Additionaloperationswerenecessaryfor37(41.1%)ofthepatients.Thefinalvisualacuitywascorrelatedwithboththeinitialvisualacuityofthewoundedeyepriortosurgeryandthelengthofthewound(P<0.001,r=0.502andP<0.001,r=-0.442,respectively).CONCLUSION:Openglobeinjuriesthataresufferedinchildhoodgenerallyoccureitherathome,intheyard,oronthestreet,withsharpmetalobjectsbeingthemostcommoncauseofinjury.Theinitialvisualacuityandthelengthofthewoundarethemostimportantdeterminantsofthefinalvisualacuity.

简介：AIM:Tocharacterizetemporalpatternofresolutionandrecurrenceofnaivechoroidalneovascularization(CNV)secondarytowetage-relatedmaculardegeneration(AMD)treatedwithintravitrealbevacizumabonasneededregimen,andtoanalyzebaselineriskfactorsforCNVresolutionorrecurrence.METHODS:Ninety-oneeyesof80patientswithnewlydiagnosedwetAMDwereretrospectivelystudied.Alleyesweretreatedwitharoundofthreemonthlyintravitrealbevacizumabinjections,followedbyoneadditional’bonus’injectionafterresolutionofCNVactivity.Duringfollow-up,eyesweremonitoredwithfluoresceinangiography,opticalcoherencetomography,andbest-correctedvisualacuity(BCVA).IncaseofrecurrencesofCNVactivity,eyeswereretreatedwithotherroundsofbevacizumabinjectionsfollowingthesametreatmentprotocol.RESULTS:Overamedianfollow-upof532d,themedianresolutiontimeofCNVactivityinthefirst,second,andthirdtreatmentroundwas98d,126d,and111d,respectively.Themedianrecurrencetimeforthethreeroundswas154d,126d,and151d,respectively.Nosignificantdifferenceinresolutiontime(P=0.09)orinrecurrencetime(P=0.11)wasdetectedamongtreatmentrounds.Age(P=0.0082)andlensstatus(P=0.035)werefoundtobeassociatedwithCNVresolution;forevery1-yearincreaseinagetherewas4%greaterchanceofCNVresolution;Phakiceyesdemonstrateda33%betterchancetoexperienceCNVresolutionthanpseudophakiceyes.ForCNVrecurrence,lensstatus(P=0.0009)andgender(P=0.0446)werefoundtobepredictive;pseudophakiceyeshada3.69-foldgreaterrisktoexperiencerecurrenceofCNVactivitycomparedtophakiceyes;maleshada2.19-foldgreaterrisktoexperiencerecurrenceofCNVactivitythanfemales.NosignificantBCVAchangesamongthreetreatmentroundswerenoted(P=0.56).CONCLUSION:ResolutiontimeandrecurrencetimeofCNVactivitywerenotsignificantlydifferentamongtreatmentrounds,suggestingabsenceoftachyphylaxistobevacizumab.Acautiousdecisionshouldbemadeupondisco

简介：AIM:ToevaluatetheefficacyofSeprafilmtransplantationfollowingadhesiolysisforpreventingpostoperativereadhesionandimprovingsurgicaloutcomes.METHODS:Primaryblepharoplastywascarriedoutonbotheyelidsof18albinorabbits.After2weeks,anewskinincisionwasmade,andadhesiolysiswasperformedonbotheyelids.Therabbitswerecategorizedintotwogroups,onewithadhesiolysisaloneinthelefteyelid(controlgroup),andtheotherwithadhesiolysiswithaSeprafilmgraftintherighteyelid(Seprafilmgroup).Thedegreesofinflammationandfibrosiswereexaminedwithhematoxylin-eosin(HE)andMasson’strichromestains.Expressionofα-smoothmuscleactin(α-SMA)wasalsoimmunohistochemicallyexamined.RESULTS:Eyelidexaminationimmediatelyaftertheoperationrevealedmildswellingandhemorrhageinbothgroups,butthesesymptomsresolvedafter1week-2weeks,andeyelidshapehadrecoveredcompletelyinbothgroups.MicroscopicassessmentsdemonstratedthattheSeprafilmgroupshowedlessinflammationandfibrosisthanthecontrolgroup.TheSeprafilmgroupalsoexhibitedfewerα-SMA-positivecellsthanthecontrolgroup.CONCLUSION:Basedonthesefindings,weconcludethatSeprafilmgraftwithadhesiolysisisaneffectivemethodforpreventingpostoperativereadhesionsaftereyelidsurgery.

简介：AIM:ExcessivedissolveofcornealtissueinducedbyMMPswhichwereactivatedbycytokinsandchemokineswillleadtocornealulcer.ThemolecularmechanismofLipoxinA4(LXA4)oncornealcollagendegradationinthreedimensionswasinvestigated.·METHODS:Rabbitcornealfibroblastswereharvestedandsuspendedinserum-freeMEM.TypeIcollagen,DMEM,collagenreconstitutionbufferandcornealfibroblastsuspensionweremixedonice.Theresultantmixturesolidifiedinanincubator,afterwhichtestreagentsandplasminogenwasoverlaidandthecultureswerereturnedtotheincubator.Thesupernatantsfromcollagengelincubationswerecollectedandtheamountofhydroxyprolineinthehydrolysatewasmeasured.ImmunoblotanalysisofMMP-1,-3andTMMP-1,-2wasperformed.MMP-2,-9wasdetectedbythemethodofGelatinzymography.Cytotoxicityassaywasmeasured.RESULTS:LXA4inhibitedcornealcollagendegradationinadoseandtimemanner.LXA4inhibitedtheIL-1βinducedincreasesinthepro-MMP-1,-2,-3,-9andactiveMMP-1,-2,-3,-9inaconcentrationdependentmanner.LXA4alsoinhibitedtheIL-1βinducedincreasesinTIMP-1,-2.CONCLUSION:Asapotentanti-inflammationreagent,LXA4caninhibitcornealcollagendegradationinducedbyIL-1βincornealfibroblaststhusinhibitingcornealdissolvingpathologyprocess.