简介:EstablishingpositiveandurgenttargetsforCO2reductionandemissionpeak,andpromotingenergyconservationandenergystructureadjustmentareamongthestrategiestoaddressglobalclimatechangeandCO2emissionsreduction.Theyarealsomeanstobreakthroughtheconstraintsofdomesticresourcesandenvironment,andinternalneeds,toachievesustainabledevelopment.Generallyspeaking,acountry’sCO2emissionpeakappearsafterachievingurbanizationandindustrialization.Bythen,connotativeeconomicgrowthwillappear,GDPwillgrowslowly,energyconsumptionelasticitywilldecrease,andenergyconsumptiongrowthwillslowdown-dependentmainlyonnewandrenewableenergies.Fossilfuelconsumptionwillnotincreasefurther.WhenCO2emissionreachesitspeak,theannualreductionrateofCO2intensityofGDPisgreaterthanGDPannualgrowthrate;andtheannualreductionrateofCO2intensityofenergyuseisgreaterthantheannualgrowthrateofenergyconsumption.Therefore,threeimportantapproachestopromotionofCO2emissionpeakcanbeconcluded:maintainingreasonablecontrolofGDPgrowth,strengtheningenergyconservationtosignificantlyreducetheGDPenergyintensity,andoptimizingtheenergymixtoreducetheCO2intensityofenergyuse.Byaround2030,Chinawillbasicallyhavecompleteditsrapiddevelopmentphaseofindustrializationandurbanization.ConnotativeeconomicgrowthwillappearwiththeaccelerationofindustrialstructureadjustmentThetargetofGDPenergyintensitywillstillbetomaintainanaverageannualreductionof3%orhigher.Theproportionofnon-fossilfuelswillreach20-25%,andtheaimwillbetomaintainanaverageannualgrowthrateof6-8%.Thetotalannualenergydemandgrowthof1.5%willbesatisfiedbythenewlyincreasedsupplyofnon-fossilfuels.TheannualdeclineinCO2intensityofGDPwillreach4.5%orhigher,whichiscompatiblewithanaverageannualGDPgrowth
简介:采用流式细胞术研究离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([C4mim][Cl])和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([C4mim][BF4])对四尾栅藻的毒性影响,测定了细胞增殖、叶绿素荧光、细胞膜完整性和酯酶活性的变化。结果表明,2种离子液体均可抑制细胞增殖,且抑制作用随离子液体质量浓度和暴露时间增加而增强。计算得到96h[C4mim][Cl]和[C4mim][BF4]的半数效应质量浓度EC50分别为49.61mg/L和42.22mg/L。测试期间发现,[C4mim][Cl](质量浓度20~200mg/L)和[C4mim][BF4](质量浓度20~150mg/L)对叶绿素荧光强度有一定的抑制作用,对细胞膜完整性无明显影响,随离子液体处理时间延长,对酯酶活性表现为先刺激后抑制作用;经200mg/L[C4mim][BF4]处理藻细胞96h后,藻细胞叶绿素的平均荧光强度仅为对照组的20%,酯酶活性为对照组的5%,且95%细胞膜发生破裂。2种离子液体对四尾栅藻均有毒性作用,这表明离子液体一旦进入水环境,将会对水生环境带来一定风险。