简介：

简介：

简介：

简介：

简介：Waterclockisavitalinstrumenttotellthetimeinancientsocieties.TheIndianwaterclockstayedinastereotypesincethe5thcenturyA.D.,tilltheenteringofBritish,bothinliteratureandpeople'slife.While,beforethe5thcenturyA.D.,fewliteraturerecordedthewaterclocksindetail,exceptVedāgajyotisaandKautilya'sArtha(s)stra.However,ifwelookatthevastBuddhistliterature,wemightgetasurprisefromtheBuddhistsutras,like(S)ārdūlakarnāvadāma((S)k-av).

简介：Throughoutmythicalandhistoricaltimes,Africa,orLibyaastheGreekssaid,provedtobeatrustycompanionoftheancientMediterraneanworld.WhenOdysseusroundedthePeloponnese,hefirstcameupontheNorthAfricancoast;afterstealingtheGoldenFleece,JasonandhismenaresaidtohavecrossedtheoceanandthenthecontinentwiththeArgoontheirshoulders.1Pirates,mercenariesandmerchantshadpliedtheroutetoEgyptfromtimeimmemorial;seafarersfromthelateArchaicepochonwardsreachedAfrica’swesterncoaststhroughtheStraitofGibraltarandtheEastcoastfromtheRedSea;inthefollowingcenturies,contactswereestablishedasfarinlandasNubiaandthekingdomofMeroe.