简介: Introduction Withrapiddevelopmentandadvancementofeconomyandsociety,lotsofcitygroupsorcitybeltswithex-tra-largecitiesastheircentershavebeenformedinChina.Theregionsthesecitygroupslieinusuallyhavewell-developedeconomy,densepopulation,andareregionalpoliticsandculturecenters.Somegroupslieintheregionswithhighlevelofearthquakeactivity,suchastheSurroundingCapitalCityGroupwiththecentersofBei-jingandTianjin.Oncealargeearthquakeoccurs,itsinfluencewillspreadtoveryextensiveregionanditsdisasterwillbetremendoustoo.Soearthquakeresistanceanddisastermitigationofcitygroupwillbeverysignificantissue.Thecitiesinagrouphaveclosedistancewitheachother;theycancarryoutunifiedpreparationfordisasterasonewholeandreducetheheavyloadofsinglecitybeforeanearthquake,andhaveanadvantageofpromptmutual-aidafteranearthquakebecauseofclosedistance.Itisespeciallysignificanttomitigatetheloseoflives.Oneimportantpreconditionisthatallthecitiesinonegroupcannotbeexposedtothesamelevelofdestroyduringoneearth-quake.Sothedivisionofcitygroupintheregionwithdensecitiesdistributionshallbeverysignificanttotheemergentmutual-aidinearlytimeafteralargeearthquake.Forthisgoal,thecharacteristicsandcorrelativityofearthquake′simpactoncitiesinonegroupneedtoclearlybeconsidered.Thecitieswithsimilarfeaturesandstrongcorrelativityofhistoricalearthquakeinfluencehavelargechancetosuffersameleveldestroyduringthefuturestrongearthquakeandaredisadvantagetoprovidemutual-aidandshallnotbedividedintoonegroup. ……
简介:TheemergenceofZhangHeng’sseismoscopehasaprofoundhistoricalbackground.ThispaperintendstoexploretheformationandmaterialbasisofZhangHeng’sscientificthought.Itappearsthatthesimpleintentionof"observingvisionsanddistinguishinggoodfortuneormisfortune"washismotivationtodeveloptheseismoscope.Tracingitshistoricalbackground,theauthorsproposedinthispaperthatthedevelopmentofthisseismoscopestartedaround128A.D.,andbasedonperceptualknowledge,twoideasaboutearthquakescameintobeing,i.e.,earthquakelocationcouldbejudgedaccordingtotheinstrumentshakingdirection,andtheearthquakeandearthsplitwereessentiallydifferent.Intheinstrumentmanufacture,ZhangHengadvocatedaprincipleof"makingutensilstoimitatecosmos".Bythisprinciple,thefollowingthreeproblemswerereadilysolved:theseismoscopeimitatedtheresponseofthesuspensionsystemtoearthquakes(i.e.naturalseismoscope).Technically,thetriggermechanismofthelatchwasusedforreference,anditrecordedthephysicalevidenceofearthquakeoccurrencebyaningeniouswayofaballdroppingfromadragon’smouth.Thesolutionofthesethreekeyproblemsleadtotheemergenceoftheseismoscopein132A.D.andthesuccessfuldetectionofanearthquakein134A.D.Hisinventiondeepenedhumanity’sknowledgeofnaturallaws,andpromotedthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinthattimeandlater.
简介:Long-termintegrationsareconductedusingtheSpectralAtmosphericModel(referredtoasSAMIL),whichwasdevelopedintheLaboratoryforNumericalModelingforAtmosphericSciencesandGeophysicalFluidDynamics(LASG)intheInstituteofAtmosphericPhysics(IAP),withdifferentresolutionstoinves-tigatesensitivityoftheMadden-JulianOscillation(MJO)simulationstothemodel'sresolution(horizontalandvertical).Threeresolutionsofthemodel,R15L9,R42L9andR42L26,withidenticalphysicalprocesses,allproducedthebasicobservedfeaturesoftheMJO,includingthespatiotemporalspace-timespectraandeastwardpropagation.Nofundamentaldifferencesamongthesesimulationswerefound.ThisindicatesthatthemodelresolutionisnotadeterminingfactorforsimulatingtheMJO.Detaileddifferencesamongthesemodelingresultssuggest,however,thatmodelresolutioncansubstantiallyaffectthesimulatedMJOincertainaspects.Forinstance,atalowerhorizontalresolution,highfrequencydisturbanceswereweakerandthestructuresofthesimulatedMJOwerebetterdefinedtoacertainextent.AhigherverticalresolutionledtoamorerealisticspatiotemporalspectrumandspatialdistributionofMJOprecipitation.Meanwhile,increasingthemodel'sresolutionimprovedsimulationoftheclimatology.However,increasingtheresolutionshouldbebasedonimprovingthecumulusparameterizationscheme.
简介:In2004,China’sdigitalseismicobservationnetworkprojectbegantodeploy40setsYRY-4four-componentboreholestrainmetersinordertomonitorearthquakepreparationprocess.Thepaperdescribesobservedsolidtidalstraindiscretenessandtidalfactoranisotropy,analyzesthereliabilityofobservationaldataanddiscussesthecauseforthisphenomenon.Aftergettingridofinterferences,thenetwork,intwoyearspractice,hasobservedseveralpre-seismicstrainanomaliesatstationsclosetoepicentersespeciallyintheWenchuanMS8.0megaquake.Itshowsthatthisboreholestrainmeternetworkiscapableofmonitoringseismogenicprocess.
简介:ThestudiesonthestructureandphysicalpropertiesoftheEarth'sinteriordonebyChinesegeophysicistsfrom1999to2002werereviewedinthispaper.Itincludesseveralresearchareas:thestructureoftheEarth'sinteriorsusingseismictomography,anisotropyoftheuppermantleinChinaanditsadjacentareas,qualityfactorQβforSwaves,subductionzone,mantlediscontinuities,physicalpropertiesofEarth'smaterialsandothers.Thereviewconcernsmainlythecontents,themethodsandtheresultsofthestudies.ItcanbeseenthatnewprogressinthestudyonthestructureandphysicalpropertiesoftheEarth'sinteriorhasbeenmadeinthelast4yearsinChina.Itisshownonthreeaspects:advancementmadeonsomepreexistentareas;pioneeringonsomenewfieldsandnewmethodsadopted.
简介:1980年代中期一晚期,埃克森勘探公司开展了一系列全球性的区域地质综合研究项目,并发现了多个大油气田。根据这些研究成果,埃克森勘探公司开始实施积极获取勘探区块的战略,及早参与所识别出的高含油气潜力盆地中勘探区块的公开投标。埃克森美孚从一个在安哥拉海域刚果盆地没有任何勘探区块的公司迅速变成了拥有安哥拉最大深水勘探区域的公司。15区块属于安哥拉政府提供的第一批深水招标区块,以埃克森关孚的子公司安哥拉(15区块)埃索勘探公司为首的一个承包商集团中标了该区块,该子公司为经营者。首先在重要的区域采集了2一D地震资料,然后又采集了4000km。的高品质3-D地震资料用于构造走向带编图。1997-2002年间钻了一些初探井,在500-1400m的深水区域获得了13个新发现。该区块估计拥有35×10^8桶油当量以上的可采石油储量,此外还有巨大的待发现潜在资源量。该区块的石油重度为24°~35°API。基松巴(Kizomba)大油田由四个油气发现构成,它们分别是洪古(Hungo)、乔卡霍(Chocalho)、基桑吉(Kissanje)和迪坎kL(Dikanza),其可采石油储量超过20×10^8桶。每一口发现井都钻遇了多层叠置的优质深水河道砂岩,油一水界面受构造溢出点、裂缝渗漏以及顶密封失效的控制,油柱高度近1000m。油层位于海床面之下500~1900m。圈闭类型为构造-地层复合圈闭。北倾的大型构造都是渐新世-中新世伸展构造作用及伴生的阿普第期盐运动的产物,这些构造运动以中中新世至近代的底辟作用而终结。西倾的大型河道复合体边缘的储集岩相的尖灭和上超构成了油藏的侧向封闭。上覆废弃河道岩相或前积斜坡页岩构成了顶部封闭。储集岩的时代为早-中中新世,主要是在中、下陆坡河道复合体中沉积的浊积岩和相关的岩屑流,储集�
简介:摘要:以某基坑支护项目为背景,围绕该项目基坑支护中的拉森钢板桩施工技术的施工方案展开分析,旨在提高基坑支护工程中拉森钢板板的施工质量和水平。