简介：EthicsinChinesesexuallytransmittedinfectionresearcharefundamental.SomerecentHarvardgeneticsresearchinAnhuiProvinceshowshowextremelywealthyandpowerfulresearcherscanexploitpoorruralfarmersinChina.AfterseveralyearsofcontroversyandastatementfromtheHarvardpresidentsayingthatthegeneticsexperimentswere"badlywrong",therearestillquestionsaboutforgedinformedconsent(ChinaDaily2003,AHSRP2004).Sincethesegeneticsprojectswereinitiallydiscovered,theUSgovernmentestablishedanewofficetomonitorforeignresearch(Nelson2001).TheobviouslyflawedinternationalresearchcollaborationallowsagoodopportunitytoconsiderthecurrentstateofethicsandrightsinChineseSTIresearch,andestablishastandardforevaluationofresearchatCJSTI.ThisarticlewillexplainseveralcurrentpracticesinChineseSTIresearch,andthenintroduceseveralinternationallyrecognizedstandardsforthinkingaboutpatient'srightsindevelopingcountries.

简介：

简介：Objectives:ToprovidereferencesforHIV/AIDS-re-latedhealtheducationstrategiesthroughsurveyonHIV/AIDS-relatedknowledge,attitudeanddetermi-nantsofHIV/AIDSawareness.Methods:Thestudysubjectswereselectedbyran-dominterceptioninadowntownstreetofGuangzhoucityonWorldAIDSDay-December1,2002.Theuni-formquestionnaireswerefinishedbymeansofself-administration.Results:Twohundredquestionnairesweredistrib-utedand147qualifiedquestionnaireswerecollected.Theresultsshowed,theawarenessrateofHIV/AIDS-relatedknowledgewas63.3%,andawarenessrateoftransmissionrouteswas76.2%,whilstnon-transmis-sionroutewas60.5%;theawarenessrateoftrans-missionwas59.2%;theawarenessrateofpreventionwas47.0%;thepositiveattitudetopeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDSwas65.6%.MultiplevariableLogisticre-gressionanalysisshowedthedeterminantsofHIV/AIDS-relatedknowledgewereeducationlevel,age,maritalstatusandgender,ofwhichpeoplewithhighlevelofeducation,youngageandthegroupofmaleandmarriedhadbetterawarenessofHIV/AIDS.Conclusion:CurrentHIV/AIDS-relatedknowledgeofurbanresidentsisrelativlylow,especiallyforthenon-transmissionroute,hencefurtherHIV/AIDS-re-latededucationshouldbestrengthened,especiallyfo-cusingonnon-transmissionroutetoeliminatedis-criminationoverpeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDS.Further,educationeffortsalsoshouldbeputonfe-malepopulation,unmarriedpopulationandpoorlyedu-catedpopulation.

简介：ChinesepopulationsinfectedwithHIV-1.Methods:GenomeDNAfromperipheralbloodmononuclearcells(PBMCs)of78HIV-1infectorswasamplifiedbypolymerasechainreaction(PCR).CCR5,CCR2bandSDF1genefragmentswereobtainedfromrestrictivefragmentlengthpolymorphism(RFLP)and/orCCR△32,CCR5m303,CCR2b-64IandSDF1-3'Aallelicgenes'mutationalfrequenciesweresequenceddirectlyfromPCRproducts.Results:NoneofCCR5△32,CCR5m303genemutationwerefoundin78subjectswithHIV-1infection.TheallelicgenemutationfrequenciesofCCR2b-64IandSDF1-3'Acorrespondingto14.9-34.0%and17.6-38.2%of95%CI,were22.79%and26.92%respectively.TheircolonydistributionconformedtotheHardy-Weinbergequilibrium.Conclusion:TheHIV-1infectionsfoundatpresentareallsusceptiblepopulationofCCR5△32andCCR5m303.ThepolymorphismandfrequenciesofCCR5△32,CCR5m303,CCR2b-64IandSDF1-3'AallelesfromChineseHIV-1infectedpopulationweredisclosedinthisstudyforthefirsttime,whichisofsignificanceforstudyingthegeneticresistancetosusceptibilitytoHIV-1infectionaswellasAIDSdiseaseprogression.

简介：目的梳理＂十一五＂课题195例研究样本临床大数据,统计分析2000~2017年中医干预艾滋病毒/艾滋病文献中＂艾滋病病因病机＂、＂临床证候＂和＂临床体质症状＂信息熵,探寻影响中医干预HIV/AIDS主熵变量及相关性,有效减少HIV感染向AIDS病发的转化不确定性,延长HIV感染者带毒生存时间。方法对＂十一五＂课题中医干预试验组195例研究样本临床熵变量进行研究,采用降维分析和偏相关分析法消除干扰因素,确定影响中医药干预HIV/AIDS的主熵变量。结果①主要病因病机为正虚、毒邪、湿温痰湿和伏邪;②HIV以脾肺证型居多,AIDS以脾肾心型居多;③主要体质症状为咳嗽、气短乏力、发热畏寒、头胸腹疼痛、腹泻、皮肤病变（瘙痒）、出汗异常、消瘦、脱发、口味异常等;④HIV/AIDS主熵变量X5（L淋巴细胞）、X6（血小板PLT）、X10（CD4＋计数）、X17.（带毒生存时间Y年）、X18（PRO量表）、X23（身体质量指数BMI）;⑤X6血小板PLT和X17（带毒生存时间Y年）与X23（身体质量指数BMI）正相关,说明HIV/AIDS为消耗性疾病。结论①HIV组对AIDS组有熵变量贡献,说明HIV转化为AIDS的过程是一个量变到质变的渐进过程;②中医药干预HIV/AIDS具有＂既病防变＂和带毒生存的作用;③正气损伤与邪气入侵是艾滋病发展变化的本质,正邪交争的动态变化凸现艾滋病变证丛生;④从研究结果来看,HIV向AIDS转变与体质质量密切相关。这意味着未来在深化中医药干预HIV/AIDS过程中,医者们需要更多地关注体质质量相关指标（肺活量、肌肉含量、脂肪含量、睡眠时间扥）对HIV/AIDS熵积和熵增的影响。

简介：Objective:Toobservetheeffectivenessofhighlyactiveantiretrovirustherapy(HAART)onHIV/AIDSpatients.Methods:UsingHIV-Iquantitativemethodsandimmunologicalfunctioninspection,wemonitored4HIV/AIDSpatientswhoweresufferingfromimmunologicaldeficiencyandweretreatedwithHAART.Results:ThereproductionofHIVinall4patientswasefficientlycontrolledatthe4thweekofthetreatment.Theaverageviralloaddecreasedby1.99Log/ml(0.73-2.46Log/ml).ThenumberofCO+4andCD+sshowedasteadycontinuousincrease4to12weeksafterthetreatment,withanincreaseof67.2%and103.0%respectively.CorrelativestudyamongdifferentvariablesafterthetreatmentrevealedthatpositivecorrelationexistedbetweenthenumberofCD+4andCD+3aswellasCD+8,whilenegativecorrelationexistedbetweenthenumberofCD+4andplasmaviralload.Conclusion:HIV-Iquantitativemethod(plasmaviralload)andthenumberofCD+4inperipheralbloodcanbeusedasimportantreferenceindicatorsinevaluatingHAART.

简介：目的：了解江门市男男性行为人群（MSM）HIV和梅毒感染状况及其影响因素，为控制艾滋病性病的蔓延提供科学依据。方法：利用2011—2015年国家级MSM监测哨点的数据资料进行分析。结果：调查的1916名调查对象中，艾滋病相关知识总体知晓率为90．19％；HIV抗体阳性率为6．73％，梅毒阳性率为4．07％。最近6个月与同性发生肛交性行为时每次都使用安全套的比例为51．93％。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，与异性婚姻状况为在婚／同居（OR=1．408，95％CI1．153～1．720）、最近6个月与同性发生商业性行为（OR=2．458，95％CI1．266～3．787）、感染梅毒（OR=5．804，95％CI3．196—10．540）是HIV感染的危险因素；吸毒（OR=1．164，95％c，1．037—3．722）、最近6个月与同性发生肛交性行为（OR=10．753，95％CI7．958～12．685）是梅毒感染的危险因素，而最近一年非梅毒STD史是梅毒感染的保护性因素（OR=0．239，95％C10．090～0．629）。结论：江门市MSM人群HIV和梅毒感染率较高，且梅毒、已婚／同居与同性发生商业性行为可NDi：iHIV感染的风险；吸毒、与同性发生肛交件行为可增加梅毒感染的风险。

简介：Objective:Toamplifyantigengenesfrompatientswithhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1(HIV-1)inGuangdongProvinceforcandidateAIDSvaccinedesign.Methods:Viralnucleicacidwasisolatedfrom10HIV-1infectedindividuals'peripheralbloodcollectedduring1995-2000inGuangdongProvince.Theviralgagp24geneandenvgp120genewereamplifiedbynested-PCRandsequenced.ThehomologiesamongHIV-1isolateswerecomparedwithHIV-BLAST.Results:Among10HIV-1isolates,ninearehomologoustovirusesofsubtypeB,andoneishomologoustovirusesofsubtypeE.Conclusion:SubtypeBvirusesofHIV-1arepredominantlypresentinGuangdongProvince.

简介：Objective:TocomparetheHIV/AIDSrelatedknowledge,attitudesandpratices(KAP)amongthecommercialsexworkers(CSWs)withthatoftheirclientsinShenzhen.Methods:Atotalof124femaleCSWsand155men,detainedforsellingorpurchasingsexualservices,wereinterviewedusingastructuredquestionnaire.Results:CSWsscoredhigherthantheirclientsonAIDS/HIVknowledgescores,thoughthedifferencewasnotsignificantandbothgroupsonlyscorednear50%.""Almostalways""condomuseratesweresignificantlyhigherforCSWs.MostofthewomenbutfewermenknewcondomusecouldpreventHIV/AIDSinfection.Themainreasonfornotusingcondomsamongthewomenwastheunwillingnessoftheircustomers.AhigherproportionoftheCSWs(9.7%)thanmen(2.6%)hadeverusedillegaldrugs.Themeanageoffirstsexualintercourse(18.2±2.1)andfirstcommercialsex(20.2±3.9)amongtheCSWswerelowerthanthatofthemen(22.2±0.3and27.1±0.6,respectively).Conclusion:NewhealtheducationprogramspromotingcondomuseshouldbedevelopedtoraiseawarenessaboutHIV/AIDS,particularlyamongmen.CSWsandclientsarehigh-riskgroupsforHIV/AIDSinfectionandtransmission.

简介：

简介：Objective:ToanalyzeHIVreplicationandimmunefunctionchangesamongChinesepatientswithHIV/ARC/AIDSandtheirassociationwithdiseaseprogression.Methods:Tcellsubsets,plasmacytokineconcentrationsandviralloadsfrom42HIV+individuals,and13ARC/AIDSpatients,andI0controlswereanalyzedbyflowcytometry(FCM),quantitativeELISAandreversetranscription-polymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR),respectively.Results:CD4cellcountsandplasmaIL-2inHIV/AIDSpatientsweresignificantlylessthaninnormalcontrolsubjects(P<0.001).TheplasmaconcentrationsslL-2R,TNF-a,andNeopterinincreasedsignificantlywithdecreasingCD4cellcounts.PlasmaIL-2amongAIDS/ARCpatientswasalsolessthaninHIV+patients(P<0.01).CD4cellcounts,theratioofCD4toCD8andplasmaIL-2levelsdecreasedsignificantlywithinfectionduration.CD4cellcountsdeclinedanaverageof43/miperyear.Incontrast,theconcentrationofplasmaslL-2R,sTNFR-I,andNeopterinincreasedanaverageof9.03pg/ml,8.69pg/ml,2.11ng/mlperyear,respectively.Furthermore,asignificantreverselinearcorrelationwasobservedbetweenCD4cellcount,CD4/CD8ratio,andCD3,CD4andCD8countswithplasmalevelsofsTNFR-I,Neopterin,andHIVRNAload.ApositivelinearcorrelationwasnotedbetweenplasmasIL-2RlevelsandchangesofplasmaIL-6level(P<0.001),IL-10(P<0.001),TNF-a(P<0.001),sTNFR-I(P<0.005),andNeopterin(P<0.002)andbetweenIL-6andTNF-a(P<0.001),NeopterinandIL-10(P<0.05),sTNFR-I(P<0.001),plasmaviralloadandsTNFR-I(P<0.001),andNeopterin(P<0.002).Conclusion:ThesefindingssuggestacloserelationshipbetweenIL-6andTNF-almmuneactivation,HIVreplicationanddiseaseprogressioninprimaryHIVinfectionsandAIDSpatients.DecliningCD4cellsandplasmaIL-2,andincreasingviralload,sIL-2R,TNF-a,sTNFR-I,andNeopterinmightbeconsideredasimportantpredictorsoftheprogressionofHIVinfectiontoAIDS.

简介：Objective-TocomparetheconsistencyoftheresultsfromdetectingHIV-1antibodyinthepairedurineandserumspecimensfromdrugusersbyELISA.Methods:Thepairedurineandserumspecimensfrom273drugusersdetainedatadetoxificationunitwerecollected,andtheHIV-1antibodiesinthespecimensofthemwerescreenedbyurineandserumELISAkits,respectively.Results:Of273serumspecimens,94onesshowedpositivereactionandamong94counterparturinespecimens,93onesalsoappearedpositivereaction.Takingtheresultstogether,theconsistentrateofHIV-1antibodyscreenedbyurineandserumELISAkitswas99.6%.Conclusion:TheurineELISAkit,whichscreenedHIV-1antibodyofurineshowingalmostthesameresultstestedbyserumELISAkit,isreliable.ItisproposedthaturineELISAbeintroducedinmanyfields.

简介：

简介：目的：了解社区医疗机构孕妇性病/艾滋病相关知识知晓情况，为制订防控策略提供依据。方法：自行设计性病/艾滋病相关知识调查表，对在社区医疗机构初次办理围产保健卡的431例孕妇发放调查表，收集资料并进行统计分析。结果：431例孕妇性病/艾滋病相关知识总知晓率为69.80％，对性病/艾滋病各种知识的知晓程度不一。本市户籍孕妇性病/艾滋病相关知识的知晓率明显高于非本市户籍孕妇（礸2＝7.02，P＜0.01）；文化程度大专及以上孕妇性病/艾滋病相关知识的知晓率较高（礸2＝36.71，P＜0.01）。结论：通过多渠道加强对孕妇性病/艾滋病相关知识的宣教，尤其是流动人口、低学历孕妇应作为宣教重点对象，以进一步提高其性病/艾滋病知识知晓率和疾病预防意识，降低性病/艾滋病感染的风险。

简介：

简介：真菌广泛分布于自然界,约有160万种,目前世界上已被描述的真菌种类约为10万余种。其中大部分对人类直接或间接有益,但也有少数种属对人类有害,会引起人类疾病。至今被确认为致病菌的真菌有500余种。半个多世纪以来,随着科学的交叉与进步,尤其是随着整个医学的发展和客观需要的增加,医学真菌迅速发展,人们对真菌所致疾病的认识进一步深入。据初步统计,从20世纪60年代以来,真菌病患者增加了30~50倍,

简介：病例1：患者女，23岁。主诉：右眼周红斑伴痒2月。现病史：患者2月前始出现右眼周红斑，瘙痒明显。外院诊断“皮肤过敏”，予外用激素治疗后无好转，红斑扩大，并出现少许小脓疱，无畏寒发热，无头晕头痛，无视力下降、视物模糊。

简介：非结核分枝杆菌（nontuberculousmycobacteria,NTM）是指除结核杆菌和麻风杆菌以外的分枝杆菌,可引起多种不同系统和器官感染,主要受累器官为肺、淋巴结、皮肤、软组织和骨,其临床表现错综复杂。随着HIV感染患者的增多及免疫抑制剂等使用的增加,

简介：目的：探讨在梅毒孕妇的配偶人群中应用流行病学治疗的合理性、接受性及初步效果。方法：依托《深圳市预防与控制梅毒母婴传播项目》，在梅毒孕妇人群中开展配偶通知，以配偶人群为研究对象，予流行病学治疗措施，收集配偶人群的临床和实验室等资料。结果：本研究纳入688名梅毒孕妇，通过患者通知方式通知到并就诊的配偶共556人，其中，接受流行病学治疗者共196人（35．25％），拒绝治疗者共360人（64．75％）。接受治疗者中，血清TRUST试验呈阴性者177人，呈阳性者11人，拒绝检测者8人；拒绝治疗者中血清TRUST试验呈阴性者199人，呈阳性者159人，拒绝检测者2人。结论：虽然流行病学治疗的可接受性尚不理想，但是，在梅毒孕妇的配偶人群应用流行病学治疗有较好的适用性和非常高的必要性；建议通过加强临床咨询服务，在梅毒孕妇的配偶人群中推广应用流行病学治疗措施。

简介：