简介：TheLoesspositiveandnegativeterrains(P-Nterrains),whicharewidelydistrib-utedontheLoessPlateau,arediscussedforthefirsttimebyintroducingitscharacteristic,demarcationaswellasextractionmethodfromhigh-resolutionDigitalElevationModels.Us-ing5m-resolutionDEMsasoriginaltestdata,P-Nterrainsof48geomorphologicalunitsindifferentpartsofShaanxiLoessPlateauareextractedaccurately.Thensixindicatorsforde-pictingthegeomorphologiclandscapeandspatialconfigurationcharacteristicofP-Nterrainsareproposed.ThespatialdistributionrulesoftheseindicatorsandtherelationshipbetweentheP-NterrainsandLoessreliefarediscussedforfurtherunderstandingofLoesslandforms.Finally,withtheintegrationofP-Nterrainsandtraditionalterrainindices,aseriesofun-supervisedclassificationmethodsareappliedtomakeaproperlandformclassificationinnorthernShaanxi.ResultsshowthatP-NterrainsareaneffectcluetorevealenergyandsubstancedistributionrulesontheLoessPlateau.AcontinuouschangeofP-NterrainsfromsouthtonorthinShaanxiLoessPlateaushowsanobviousspatialdifferenceofLoessland-formsandthepositiveterrainareaonlyaccountedfor60.5%inthisregion.TheP-Nterrainsparticipantlandformclassificationmethodincreasesvalidityoftheresult,especiallyintheLoesstableland,Loesstableland-ridgeandtheLoesslow-hillarea.ThisresearchissignificantonthestudyofLoesslandformswiththeDigitalTerrainsAnalysismethods.

简介：Tamarixnabkhaisoneofthemostwidespreadnabkhas,distributinginthearidregionofChina.Basedontheobservationsoutdoorsandthesimulationexperimentsinlaboratories,analysisinthispaperreferstothebiologicalgeomorphologicfeaturesandgrowthprocessofTamarixnabkhasinthemiddleandlowerreachesoftheHotanRiver,Xin-jiang.AndtheresultsindicatethattheecologicaltypeofTamarixinthestudyareaisakindofTugaicsoilhabitatbasedonthedeepsoilofthePopulusDiversifoliaforestsandshrubs.Thistypeofhabitatcanbedividedintothreekindsofsub-habitatswhichdemonstratethefeaturesofecologicalenvironmentofTamarixnabkhasduringthedifferentialdevelopedphases.Meanwhile,theTamarixnabkhacanexertintensifieddisturbancecurrentonwind-sandflowontheground,anditsrootandstemsnotonlyhavestrongpotentialofsproutingbutarecharacteristicofwinderosion-tolerance,resistancetobeburiedbysandandrespectivelytoughrigidofthelignifiedbranches,forithasaratherlongerlife-time.Thus,thewindspeedprofileinfluencedbytheTamarixnabkhaisdifferentfromthePhragmitesnabkhaandAlhaginabkha.Andthestructureofthewindflowisbeneficialtoaeoliansandaccumulatingin/aroundTamarixshrub,whichcancreateuniqueTamarixnabkhaswithhigheraveragegradientandlongerperiodicityoflife.Tamarixnabkhaevolutionintheareaexperiencedthreestages:growthstage,matureandsteadystageandwitheringstage.Ineachstage,morpho-logicalfeaturesandgeomorphicprocessofTamarixnabkhaaredifferentduetothediscrepantinteractionbetweenthenabkhaandaeoliansandflow.

简介：TheGurbantunggutDesertisthelargeststableandsemi-stablesanddesertinChina,yetfewdataexistonvegetationpatternandspecies-environmentrelationshipsforthesediversedesertlandscapes.Thesanddunesofthesurveyareaaremainlyofthelongitudinalformfromnorthtosouth,butcheckerboard-shapedandhoneycomb-shapedformsarealsopresent,withtheheightof10-50m.Wemeasuredvegetationandsoildataonnorth-southtransectsandcomparedthemwithvegetationandsoildataoneast-westtransects.Analysisrevealedthatthevaryingtrendandstrengthofthespeciesdiversity,dominanceandcoveroftheplantcommunitiesinthelongitudinalandtransversedirectionsacrossthelandscapearesignificantlydifferent.TheresultsofCCAordinationshowthatthemicro-habitatsofsoilorganicmatter(OM),soilsalts(TS),sortingindex(σ),topsoilwater-content(SM)andpHrelatetothedifferencesinvegetationobservedasdifferencesinspeciesassemblagefromsalt-intolerantephemerals,micro-subshrubsandsubshrubstosalt-tolerantshrubsandmicro-arbors.Theterrain(alt.)andsoiltexture(thecontentsofMzandφ1)affectthespatialdifferentiationofmanyspecies.However,thisspatialdifferentiationisnotsomarkedontransectsrunninglongitudinallywiththelandscape,inthesamedirectionasthedunes.Thespeciesofthedesertvegetationhaveformedthreeassemblagesundertheactionofhabitatgradients,relatingtothreesectionsrunningtransverselyacrossthelandscape,atrightanglestothedirectionofthedunecrests.Inthemid-eastsectionofthestudyareathetopographyishigher,withsand-landsordune-slopeswithcoarseparticles.HerethedominantvegetationcomprisesshrubsandsubshrubsofSeriphidiumsantoliumandEphedradistachya,withlargenumbersofephemeralandephemeroidplantsofSeneciosubdentatus,andCarexphysodesinspringandsummer.Onthesoilofthedune-slopesinthemidwestofthestudyarea,withcoarseparticlesandabundantTK,theplantassemblageofHaloxylonpersicu

简介：Thegoalofthisstudyistoprovideinformationontheprocessofpotholegrowthonagorgestreambed.PotholegeometriesweremeasuredinareachoftheDaburiverbedattheheadofagorgemorethan200mdeeplyincisingintoa650-750mhighplanationsurfaceformedinthemiddleMioceneinnorthernGuangdong,China.Geometricandderivativedataofthepotholesobtainedfromfieldworkwereinterpretedusingstandardstatisticalmethodologies.Ourstudyshowsthattheformationanddevelopmentofastreampotholewereonlyrelatedtolocalconditionsofastreamreachwherethepotholeoccurs;theweaknesses,whichareusuallyintersectfractures,typicallyinterconnectedverticaljoints,ortriangularpitsgeneratedbyhittingofrockfragmentsduringfloods,initiatethepotholedevelopmentonastreambed;thegeometricaldimensionsofthepotholesarecontrolledbytectonicjointsdevelopedinbedrockofthestreamreach;theradiusandthedepthofpotholesarestrongly(log)positivecorrelated;thepotholeshapesandtheflowpatternsareinconstantduringpotholegrowth;apotholecanbeformedwithinashortperiod,butcannotbefullydevelopedandmaintainedforalongtimeinastrongincisionstreambed.ThefindinginourstudycanimprovetheunderstandingofQuaternaryenvironmentinGuangdong.

简介：以准格尔丘陵沟壑区五分地沟流域为研究区,应用彩红外航片和IKONOS卫星影像,绘制了1987、2002年土地覆盖/植被类型图,并数字化基于地面土地利用调查绘制的1979年土地利用图.利用景观格局指数,评价了研究区土地覆盖/植被空间格局现状及土地覆盖类型动态变化;并以ETM+数据为信息源,绘制了2002年土地覆盖/植被类型图.研究表明:2002年研究区土地覆盖/植被呈现出一个耕地、草地、人工乔木林和人工灌木林以及种植稀疏灌木的草地高度镶嵌的景观格局特征;20年内土地覆盖类型发生了显著的变化,景观异质性增强.基于研究区景观的高度破碎化,绘制小流域精细尺度土地覆盖图,高空间分辨率遥感数据十分必要.

简介：TocontrolsoilerosionandrestorethedegradedenvironmentintheLoessPlateau,alargenumberofmeasuresrelatedtosoilandwaterconservationhavebeenemployedthathaveprofoundlyaffectedcatchmentproperties.Thisstudyconstructedthreeindicatorstocharacterizechangestothecatchmentslope,proposedbothamethodforaregressionanalysisofadjacentimagesandasequencemodel,andappliedmultisourceremotelysensedimagesandGISspatialclusteringanalysistechnologiestoextractthematicinformationandcomprehensivelyanalyzethecatchmentchangecharacteristics.Theresultsindicatethatthecatchmentslopepropertieschangedsignificantly.Atcatchmentscale,theaveragevaluesofARC,DVCandARTwere6.43%,25.57%and4.30%,respectively.Thereweresixclusteringtypesofcatchmentslopepropertychanges.Themaximumandminimumoftheaveragesimilaritiesoftheclusteringtypeswere0.992and0.935.Eachslopecontrolmeasureshadadistincteffectoncatchmentslope;thedominatingfactorofeachclusteringtypewasidentifiedas:Type1:D-VC,Type2:D-VCLU,Type3:D-LUVC,Type4:D-TAVC,Type5:D-TACandType6:D-MFC.Type5andType1coveredthelargestareas,respectivelyoccupying37.28%and31.01%.Catchmentslopepropertychangesalsohaddistincttypesthatdependedontheirgeomorphologicalconditions.Thesefindingsprovideausefulbasisfromwhichtofurtherstudycatchmentslopehydrologicalandsoilerosionprocesses.

简介：Cultivationisoneofthemostimportanthumanactivitiesaffectingthegrasslandecosystembesidesgrazing,butitsimpactsonsoiltotalorganiccarbon(C),especiallyontheliableorganicCfractionshavenotbeenfullyunderstoodyet.Inthispaper,theroleofcroppinginsoilorganicCpoolofdifferentfractionswasinvestigatedinameadowstepperegioninInnerMongoliaofChina,andtherelationshipsbetweendifferentCfractionswerealsodiscussed.TheresultsindicatedthattheconcentrationsofdifferentCfractionsatsteppeandcultivatedlandalldecreasedprogressivelywithsoildepth.Aftertheconversionfromsteppetospringwheatfieldfor36years,totalorganiccarbon(TOC)concentrationatthe0to100cmsoildepthhasdecreasedby12.3%to28.2%,andTOCofthesurfacesoilhorizon,especiallythoseof0-30cmdecreasedmoresignificantly(p<0.01).Thedissolvedorganiccarbon(DOC)andmicrobialbiomasscarbon(MBC)atthedepthof0-40cmwerefoundtohavedecreasedby66.7%to77.1%and36.5%to42.4%,respectively.IntheS.baicalensissteppe,theratiosofsoilDOCtoTOCvariedbetween0.52%and0.60%,andthoseinthespringwheatfieldwereonlyintherangeof0.18%-0.20%.Themicrobialquotients(qMBs)inthespringwheatfield,varyingfrom1.11%to1.40%,werealsolowerthanthoseintheS.baicalensissteppe,whichwereintherangeof1.50%-1.63%.ThechangeofDOCwasmuchmoresensitivetocultivationdisturbance.SoilTOC,DOC,andMBCweresignificantlypositivecorrelatedwitheachotherintheS.baicalensissteppe,butinthespringwheatfield,thecorrelativitybetweenDOCandTOCandthatbetweenDOCandMBCdidnotreachthesignificancelevelof0.05.更多还原

简介：ThesouthcoastalplainofLaizhouBayisoneofthetypicalsalt-waterintrusionareasinChina,theoccurrenceanddevelopmentofwhichwascloselyrelatedwiththepa-laeoenvironmentevolution.Systematicanalysesofpollen,foraminiferaandgrainsizecom-positionbasedon14Candluminescencedatingfromtwosedimentcoreswereperformedforthepurposeofunderstandingthesalt-waterintrusioninthecoastalplainofLaizhouBayfromtheperspectiveofenvironmentalevolutionsincelatePleistocene.Itcouldbeclassifiedintosevenevolutionstagessince120kaBP:120–85kaBPwasatransitionperiodfromcoldtowarm;85–76kaBPwasaperiodwithwarmandwetclimatehavingswamplakesdevelopedinthelowerreachesoftheWeiheRiver,southcoastalplainofLaizhouBay;76–50kaBPwascharacterizedbygrasslandvegetationandcoarsesedimentsinterrestrialenvironment,whichwastheearlystageofDaliIce-Age;50–24kaBPwasaperiodwithalternateseadepositioninthesouthcoastalplainofLaizhouBay;24–10kaBPwasthelatestageofDaliIce-AgewithcoldestperiodofQuaternary,thesouthcoastalplainofLaizhouBaywasdrygrasslandandloessdepositionenvironment;10–4kaBPwasanotherwarmandwetclimateperiod,sealevelwashighandregressedat4kaBP;andhasbeenthemodernsedimentaryenvironmentsince4kaBP.Amongthethreewarmstages,including85–76kaBP,50–24kaBPand10–4kaBP,correspondedtolateYangkou,GuangraoandKenliseawatertransgressionrespec-tively.ThedurationofthelatteroneinsouthcoastalplainofLaizhouBaywaslongerthanthatinwestcoastofBohaiSeaandeastcoastofLaizhouBay.Thethreeperiodsofseawatertransgressionformedthefoundationofsalt-waterintrusioninthisarea.