简介：在2004年7月的仲夏和在重降水的形成的冷空气的角色的严重降雨事件被使用中国和NCEP/NCAR分析的每天观察的降水数据调查。在西南中国的严重降雨是的结果表演仔细，与冷空气有关，从中间高度的纬度的活动，和事件发生在中间高度的纬度循环和低纬度的合作效果下面摘要的政体。它是合并一个冷旋涡在上与向北方登陆的台风和东方西南中国中间纬度旋涡，以及从进那分别地引起中间高度的大气的循环的三大改变在的正直的横过的马槽的突然的转变早、中间十天这个月。然后，长波浪的振幅很快放大，导致到在仲夏的低纬度的区域的冷空气的不平常的侵入。同时，温暖、潮湿的西南夏天季风是相当活跃的。在西南中国上的冷空气和夏天季风的强壮的相互作用在冷空气的南部的方面上导致大规模对流降雨。关于冷空气的活动，它能以三个突出的方法影响降雨。第一，上层的冷空气的进入被部分南方的上层的喷气经常伴随。相应第二等的发行量的上升分支，在喷气中心的左前面方面上，为降雨提供喜爱的动态向上的运动。第二，冷空气的向南方的运动贡献大气的baroclinic结构的建立，它将导致baroclinic骚乱。与冷空气的侵入联系的大气的骚乱能破坏潜在的不稳定性层化，释放对流可得到的势能(披肩)并且最后引起对流活动。另外，在与在底层的潮湿、温暖的空气的移流一起的上面的水平的干燥、冷的空气的移流过程为在降水区域的潜在的不稳定性的重建是相当重要的，它是贡献坚持的降雨的关键因素之一。

简介：这研究在东北亚洲(NEA)和它的联系发行量异例上调查夏天表面空气温度的interannual变化。为在NEA上的温度可变性的二个领先的模式被文件结束分析获得。第一个文件结束模式被一个同类的温度异例在NEA上描绘因此被称为NEA模式。这个异例从湖贝加尔湖的东南延长到日本，与在东北中国的一个中央区域。第二个文件结束模式被一个跷跷板模式描绘，显示出在东亚之间的形成对照的分布(明确地在东北中国，朝鲜，和日本包括Changbai山)并且这个区域的北方。这个模式被称为东亚(EA)模式。两个模式在EA.The相等地作出贡献到温度可变性二个领先的模式与不同发行量异例被联系。一个温暖的NEA模式在NEA上并且这样与一个积极geopotential高度异例被联系削弱的upper-tropospheric西的喷气。在另一方面，一个温暖的EA模式与在EA和一口向北方代替的喷气上的一个积极高度异例有关。另外，NEA模式趋于与欧亚的teleconnection模式有关，当EA模式与东方Asia-Pacific/Pacific-Japan模式被联系时。

简介：空气鈥攕e的过程新鲜的水交换在在大气的科学和地球物理的液体动力学(LASG)的国家重点实验室开发的全球鈥?海洋鈥擜tmosphere陆地鈥擲y茎模型成功地被包括。联合集成的结果证明气候飘移成功地被控制了。在对表面的变化的海洋循环的回答上分析新鲜的水或在为咸度的流动状况下面的海洋旋转起来阶段是由空至海的新鲜的水流动联合的实现的关键的咸度强迫表演。这研究也证明nthly，omaly联合计划(MMFA)的鈥擣lux鈥擜n由于和张(1998)向前带了的修改鈥擬o对每日的空气鈥攕e合适不仅联合而且为每日的新鲜的水流动联合的热流动。关键词新鲜的水流动-由空至海的联合-Thermohaline循环这个工作被国家关键工程(资助No.96-908-02-03)共同支持，优秀国家关键实验室研究工程(资助No.49823002)和在资助鈥?白·仁·吉·胡亚下面的中国科学院(CAS)？为联合气候模型鈥的鈥淰alidation？

简介：Basedonintensiveautomaticweatherstationdata,satellitecloudimagery,NCEPreanalyzeddata,andthesimulationresultsfrommesoscalenumericalmodels,thisstudyanalyzesthecharacteristicsandformationmechanismsofthemesoscaleconvectionsystem(MCS)duringtheextremeprecipitationeventthatwastriggeredbyaweakenedlow-pressureinvertedtroughofTyphoonHaikuionAugust10/2012.Theresultsofthisstudyshowthatcoldairattherearofanortheasterncoldvortexcreatesthermodynamicconditionsfavorabletothedevelopmentofextremeprecipitation.Themainbodyofthecoldairisnorthwardlocatedsothatthecoldairinvadesonlythemiddlelayeroftheperipheryoftheinvertedtrough.Thus,thecoldairminimallyaffectsthelowerlayer,whichresultsinaverticallydistributedstructureofthetemperatureadvectionthataugmentstheformationanddevelopmentofconvectiveinstabilitystratification.Inthemiddletroposphere,thecoldairencounterstheconvergent,ascending,warmmoistairfromthelow-pressureinvertedtrough,leadingtofrontogenesis.Thefrontogenesisenhanceswindconvergencewhich,inturn,furtherenhancesthefrontogenesis,andthepositivefeedbackbetweenthesetwoforcesaugmentsthedevelopmentofmeso-andsmall-scaleconvectionsystemsintherainstormregionanditsvicinity,whichstrengthenstheupwardtransportationofwatervaporfromlowlayersandthickeningofwatervaporconvergenceandresultsinlocalheavyrains.

简介：

简介：BettercorrelationexistsbetweentheactivityoftropicalcyclonesaffectingEastChinaandShanghaiandtheconcurrentsignalsofSSTAintropicalPacific.Inanattempttojustifythisstatisticfinding,afour-dimensionalvariationaldataassimilationsystemisestablishedtooptimizetheinitialfieldsofahybridair-seacoupledmodel.ThepredictionskilloftropicalSSTAisimproved.Long-termstatisticalmodelsforpredictingannualTCfrequencyaffectingEastChinaareaandShanghaicityaredevelopedbasedon37-yearproductsofthismodelandtheforecasttrialshaveachievedsatisfactoryresultsin1998and1999.

简介：Usingtheregionalair-seacoupledclimatemodelRegCM3-POM,aseriesofnumericalexperimentsareperformedtosimulatethesummerclimatein1997and1998withdifferentcouplingtimesteps.Theresultsshowthatthecoupledmodelhasgoodperformanceonthesimulationofthesummerseasurfacetemperature(SST)in1997and1998,andthesimulationresultsofCPL1(withthecouplingtimestepat1hour)aresimilartothoseofCPL6(withthecouplingtimestepat6hours).ThecoupledmodelcanwellsimulateSSTdifferencesbetween1997and1998.Asforthesimulationofthedroughtin1997andthefloodin1998,theresultsofCPL6aremoreaccurate.Thecoupledmodelcanwellsimulatethedroughtin1997overNorthChina,andcomparedwiththeresultsoftheatmospheremodelRegCM3,thesimulationabilityofthecoupledmodelisimproved.Thecouplingmodelhasbetterabilityinthesimulationofthecirculationinthemiddleandlowlevels,andthewatervaportransportationinthecouplingmodelisreasonableinboth1997and1998.RegCM3(anuncoupledmodel)cannotcorrectlysimulatethetransportationpathdifferencesbetween1997and1998,butthecoupledmodelcansimulatethedifferenceswell.

简介：Aseriesofnumericalsimulationsisconductedtounderstandtheformation,evolution,anddissipationofanadvectionfogeventoverShanghaiPudongInternationalAirport(ZSPD)withtheWeatherResearchandForecasting(WRF)model.UsingthecurrentoperationalsettingsattheMeteorologicalCenterofEastChinaAirTrafficManagementBureau,theWRFmodelsuccessfullypredictsthefogeventatZSPD.Additionalnumericalexperimentsareperformedtoexaminethephysicalprocessesassociatedwiththefogevent.Theresultsindicatethatpredictionofthisparticularfogeventissensitivetomicrophysicalschemesforthetimeoffogdissipationbutnotforthetimeoffogonset.Thesimulatedtimingofthearrivalanddissipationofthefog,aswellastheclouddistribution,issubstantiallysensitivetotheplanetaryboundarylayerandradiation(bothlongwaveandshortwave)processes.Moreover,varyingforecastleadtimesalsoproducesdifferentsimulationresultsforthefogeventregardingitsonsetandduration,suggestingatrade-offbetweenmoreaccurateinitialconditionsandaproperforecastleadtimethatallowsmodelphysicalprocessestospinupadequatelyduringthefogsimulation.TheoveralloutcomesfromthisstudyimplythatthecomplexityofphysicalprocessesandtheirinteractionswithintheWRFmodelduringfogevolutionanddissipationisakeyareaoffutureresearch.

简介：AuthorshavestudiedthetransformationprocessesofcoldairoverlandinEastAsiaforeightcaseswhichoccurredindifferentmonthsof1981.First,thesurfaceeddysensibleandlatentheatfluxes,anddragcoefficientwereestimatedaccordingtotheapproachofsimilaritytheory.Then,theapparentheatsource,theapparentmoisturesink,andsolarandlong-waveradiativeheating(orcooling)werefurthercalculatedthroughthebudgetmethodandphysicalparameterizationalgorithm.Ithasbeenfoundthatthecoldairimmediatelystartsthetransformationprocessoverlandonceitmovesawayfromitsregionoforigin.Inwinter,thedegreeoftransformationofcoldairmassgraduallyintensi-fiedasittravelledsoutheastward;whilearrivingintheocean,thecoldairmassunderwentthemostsignificanttransfor-mationprocess.Insummer,themostvigoroustransformationofthermalandmoisturefieldswasobservedinNorthChinaandMongolianregion,withmuchgreaterintensitythanthatinwinter.

简介：借助于改变的统计方法，例如规范的根均方差(RMSE)，关联分析，实验直角的功能(文件结束)分解，等等，NCEP/NCAR的改变的季节的异例的可靠性重新分析风速度和表面空气温度(坐)经常在中国在气候变化研究使用的数据被学习。结果证明气象学的变量的RMSE比在西方的中国在东方中国是更小的，即，在东方中国的NCEP/NCAR分析的可靠性在西方的中国比那好。这能由于在分析模型和在中国的气象学的车站的“dense-in-eastern-and-sparse-in-western”的布置的地形学的效果。重新分析的风速度的异例的RMSE与增加高度减少，进一步在分析的可靠性上证实地形学的可能的影响。关联分析的结果相反地RMSE分析对应于那些，即如果RMSE更大，关联在之间重新分析并且观察数据是更坏的，并且反过来也如此。它从比较异例的EOF特徵向量被发现重新分析并且观察数据如果一个气象学的变量有更小的RMSE，异例的相应文件结束特徵向量的空间模式重新分析并且观察数据是类似的，他们的时间系数显著地被相关，并且反过来也如此。因此，文件结束模式的类似和他们的时间系数的一致性能被用来客观地估计分析的可靠性。总体上，重新分析的风速度的可靠性在春天，夏天，和秋天更好，但是在冬季更坏；并且为重新分析坐，它在夏天是在冬季和最糟的最好。

简介：Basedon6-hourlysensibleheatfluxandlatentheatfluxfromtheNCEPClimateForecastSystemReanalysis(CFSR)andcirculationdatafromtheJapanese25-yearReanalysis(JRA-25),theinitialdevelopingprocessoftropicalcycloneMindulle(1005)in2010hasbeendiagnosedtorevealtheimpactofair-seainteractionovertheSouthChinaSea(SCS)onthegenesisofitsincipientvortex.TheresultsshowthattheincipientvortexfirstoccurredeastoftheLuzonIslandon0000UTC20August,suggestingthatthetopographicforcingoftheLuzonIslandforeasterlywindsoverthewesternPacificmightbeoneofthefactorsresponsiblefortheformationoftheincipientvortex.Duringtheformationstageoftheincipientvortex,strongsoutheasterliesovertheSCScausedwarmwaterofthemiddleandeasternSCStoflowtowardtheLuzonIslandduetoEkmantransportresultingfromwindstress,leadingtoanincreaseoftheseasurfacetemperatureandsensibleheatfluxintotheatmosphere.Althoughtheanomaloussensibleheatingfavoredsurfacepressuretoreduce,itwasnotconducivetotheincreaseoflocalvorticityassociatedwiththevortexabovetheheatingareabecause,accordingtotheatmosphericthermaladaptationtheory,theanticyclonicvorticitywouldbecreatedinthelowertroposphereduetothedecreasedverticalgradientofthesensibleheating.However,theascendingmotionsoccurredovertheeasternareaoftheanomaloussensibleheatingduetotheaugmentationofthevorticityadvectionwithincreasingheight,causingwatervaportocondenseinthemiddleanduppertroposphere.Inturn,cyclonicvorticitywasgeneratedinthelowertroposphereduetotheincreasedverticalgradientofthecondensationlatentheating,resultingintheformationandfurthergrowthoftheincipientvortex.Therefore,thevorticitycreationduetothecondensationheatingplayedadominantroleduringthesubsequentenhancingstageoftheincipientvortex.

简介：Inthisstudyacoupledair-sea-wavemodelsystem,containingthemodelcomponentsofGRAPES-TCM,ECOM-siandWAVEWATCHIII,isestablishedbasedonanair-seacoupledmodel.Thechangesofwavestateandtheeffectsofseasprayarebothconsidered.Usingthecomplexair-sea-wavemodel,asetofidealizedsimulationswasappliedtoinvestigatetheeffectsofair-sea-waveinteractionintheupperocean.Resultsshowthatair-wavecouplingcanstrengthentropicalcycloneswhileair-seacouplingcanweakenthem;andair-sea-wavecouplingiscomparabletothatofair-seacoupling,astheintensityisalmostunchangedwiththewavemodelcoupledtotheair-seacoupledmodel.Themixingbyverticaladvectionisstrengthenedifthewaveeffectisconsidered,andcausesmuchmoreobviousseasurfacetemperature(SST)decreasesintheupperoceanintheair-seacoupledmodel.Air-wavecouplingstrengthenstheair-seaheatexchange,whilethethermodynamiccouplingbetweentheatmosphereandoceanweakenstheair-seaheatexchange:theair-sea-wavecouplingistheresultoftheirbalance.Thewavefielddistributioncharacteristicisdeterminedbythewindfield.Experimentsarealsoconductedtosimulateoceanresponsestodifferentmixedlayerdepths.Withincreasingdepthoftheinitialmixedlayer,thedecreaseofSSTweakens,butthetemperaturedecreaseofdeeperlayersisenhancedandthelossofheatintheupperoceanisincreased.Thesignificantwaveheightislargerwhentheinitialmixedlayerdepthincreases.

简介：AtmosphericInfraredSounder(AIRS)datashowthattheSaharanairlayer(SAL)isadry,warm,andwell-mixedlayerbetween950and500hPaoverthetropicalAtlantic,extendingwestwardfromtheAfricancoasttotheCaribbeanSea.TheformationsofbothHurricaneIsabelandTropicalDepression14(TD14)wereaccompaniedwithoutbreaksofSALairduringtheperiod1-12September2003,althoughTD14failedtodevelopintoanamedtropicalcyclone.TheinfluenceoftheSALontheirformationsisinvestigatedbyexaminingdatafromsatelliteobservationsandnumericalsimulations,inwhichAIRSdataareincorporatedintotheMM5modelthroughthenudgingtechnique.AnalysesoftheAIRSandsimulationdatasuggestthattheSALmayhaveplayedtworolesintheformationoftropicalcyclonesduringtheperiod1-12September2003.First,theoutbreaksofSALairon3and8Septemberenhancedthetransverse-verticalcirculationwiththerisingmotionalongthesouthernedgeoftheSALandthesinkingmotioninsidetheSAL,triggeringthedevelopmentoftwotropicaldisturbancesassociatedwithHurricaneIsabelandTD14.Second,inadditiontothereducedenvironmentalhumidityandenhancedstaticstabilityinthelowertroposphere,theSALdryairintrudedintotheinnerregionofthesetropicaldisturbancesastheircyclonic?owsbecamestrong.ThiseffectmayhavesloweddowntheformationofIsabelandinhibitedTD14becominganamedtropicalcyclone,whiletheenhancedverticalshearcontributedlittletotropicalcycloneformationduringthisperiod.The48-htrajectorycalculationsconfirmthattheparcelsfromtheSALcanbetransportedintotheinnerregionofanincipienttropicalcyclone.

简介：ByusingtheNCEPreanalysisdatasetin1979-1995,thefluxesofthelatentheat,thesensibleheatandthenetlong-waveradiationintheSouthChinaSea(SCS)areexpandedbymeansofEOFinordertodiscussthebasicclimatologicalfeaturesintheSCS.Thedetailedanalysisshowsthattheair-seaheatexchangesindifferentSCSregionshavedifferentseasonalvariations.ThemiddleandthenorthoftheSCSarethehighvalueregionsoftheair-seaheatexchangesduringthewinterandthesummermonsoonperiods,respectively,theseasonalvariationsofair-seaheatexchangesinthesouthoftheSCSaresmall.Inaddition,theproportionsofdifferentcomponentsinthetotalair-seaheatexchangeshavedifferentseasonalvariationsindifferentregions.TheresultsshowthattheSCSmonsoonandtheair-seaheatexchangesintheSCSregionaretheaccompanimentsofeachother,thegreatdifferenceofthesensibleheatfluxbetweentheIndochinaPeninsulaandtheSCSbeforetheSCSsummermonsoononsetmaybeoneofthetriggersofthelatter.Theremaintainsahighvaluecenterofthesensibleheatfluxbeforethe13thdekad,itsdisappearingtimeconsistswiththatofthesummermonsoononset.ItmeansthatasfarastheSCSlocalconditionsareconcerned,thenorthwestoftheIndochinaPeninsulaisprobablyasensitiveregiontotheSCSsummermonsoononsetandthelandmayplayaleadingroleintheSCSsummermonsoononset.

简介：ASouthChinaSea(SCS)localTC(SLT)isdefinedasatropicalcyclone(TC)thatformswithintheSCSregionandcanreachthegradeoftropicalstorm(TS)orabove.ThestatisticalfeaturesoftheSLTsfrom1985to2007areanalyzedfirst.ItisfoundthatovertheSCSabout68%oftheTCscandevelopintoTSs.TheSLTintensityisrelativelyweakandassociatedwithitsgenesislatitudeaswellasitstrack.TheSLTmonthlynumberpresentsaseasonalvariationwithtwopeaksinMayandJulytoSeptember.BasedonthedailyheatfluxdatafromtheWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitution_ObjectivelyAnalyzedair-seaFluxes(WHOI_OAFlux)inthesameperiod,theair-seaexchangeduringtheprocessofgenerationanddevelopmentoftheSLTisstudied.Resultsshowthattheheatfluxesreleasedtotheatmosphereincreasesignificantlydaybydaybeforecyclogenesis.TheoceantothesouthtotheTCcenterprovidesthemainenergy.AlongwiththedevelopmentofSLT,theregionswithlargeheatfluxesspreadclockwisetothenorthofTC,whichreflectstheenergydispersionpropertyofvortexRossbywavesintheperipheryoftheTC.OncetheSLTformstheheatfluxesarenotintensifiedasmuch.Duringthewholeprocess,thenetheat,latentheatandsensibleheatfluxdisplayasimilarevolution,whilethelatentheatfluxmakesamaincontributiontothenetheatflux.Themaximumair-seaheatexchangealwaysoccursattheleftsideoftheTCmovingdirection,whichmayreflecttheinfluenceoftheSCSsummermonsoononTCstructure.

简介：NCEP/NCAR分析数据被用来在在冬在中国乍见陆地做了的热带气旋(Nanmadol和Irma)的二个案例的进化期间调查冷空气和潮湿特征的角色。结果如下被显示出。(1)东亚马槽在早冬季驾驶了冷空气进热带海洋。与在圆周的到海和压力坡度的改进的外面的高移动在相反的方向移动的热带气旋在维持并且加强暴风雨的紧张起了一个作用。当他们仍然在温暖的海表面上时，进热带气旋的底层的弱冷空气的侵入由改进气旋的骚乱加强了他们。当冷空气进眼睛足够强壮、侵入时，温暖的核心在驱散前被损坏并且填满。(2)热带气旋在潮湿流动的一个集中地区被形成，他们的发展能提高水蒸汽集中的骚乱，因此加强潮湿集中地区。然而，当他们在潮湿地区外面时，暴风雨不能获得足够的水蒸汽并且变得弱。在热带气旋处理的冬期间没有强壮的潮湿交通的带。

简介：UsingtheInternationalComprehensiveOcean-AtmosphereDataSet(ICOADS)andERA-Interimdata,spatialdistributionsofair-seatemperaturedifference(ASTD)intheSouthChinaSea(SCS)forthepast35yearsarecompared,andvariationsofspatialandtemporaldistributionsofASTDinthisregionareaddressedusingempiricalorthogonalfunctiondecompositionandwaveletanalysismethods.TheresultsindicatethatbothICOADSandERA-InterimdatacanreflectactualdistributioncharacteristicsofASTDintheSCS,butvaluesofASTDfromtheERA-InterimdataaresmallerthanthoseoftheICOADSdatainthesameregion.Inaddition,theASTDcharacteristicsfromtheERA-Interimdataarenotobviousinshore.Aseesaw-type,north-southdistributionofASTDisdominantintheSCS;i.e.,apositivepeakinthesouthisassociatedwithanegativepeakinthenorthinNovember,andanegativepeakinthesouthisaccompaniedbyapositivepeakinthenorthduringAprilandMay.InterannualASTDvariationsinsummerorautumnaredecreasing.Thereisaseesaw-typedistributionofASTDbetweenBeibuBayandmostoftheSCSinsummer,andthecenteroflargevaluesisintheNanshaIslandsareainautumn.TheASTDintheSCShasastrongquasi-3aoscillationperiodinallseasons,andaquasi-11aperiodinwinterandspring.TheASTDispositivelycorrelatedwiththeNio3.4indexinsummerandautumnbutnegativelycorrelatedinspringandwinter.

简介：由利用3-D大气的循环解决方法，作者在1979-2008ElNino南部的摆动(ENSO)事件学习了在热带印度洋和太平洋之间的由空至海的交互连接。他们的调查结果显示出那明显的3-D联合齿轮的特征在1979-2008ENSO事件存在。他们的解决的分析也建议一般发行量在1979-2008ENSO事件的成熟阶段期间在东方印度海洋西方的太平洋上显示出更强壮、更宽的下沉运动，与从Enviornmental预言(NCEP)分析数据的美国国家中心的垂直速度相比。与他们的3-D分析方法，垂直速度被二个部件解决，即带、南方的部件。当南方的部件在ENSO事件的占优势的阶段期间显示出一个向上的运动时，垂直速度的带的部件显示出一个强壮的下沉运动，这被发现当南方的部件在ENSO事件的占优势的阶段期间显示出一个向上的运动时，垂直速度的带的部件被发现比南方的部件大，反映垂直速度，和全面结果的主导的特征显示出一个强壮的下沉运动，尽管二个部件部分也在这个过程抵消对方与从NCEP分析的垂直速度相比，与解决分析方法的3-D计算的垂直运动表明一些优点。

简介：为IPCC-AR5(第五份评价报告)基于近期的气候模拟，在东亚的表面空气温度的十的可变性的概率的multimodel整体预言(PMME)(20????吗？

简介：在北中国的干旱、半干旱的区域改进土地表面模拟，从在Dunhuang和Tongyu的二个地实验的观察数据被用来在土地表面模型，优化参数蝙蝠，通过刻度与多标准方法。到在Dunhuang和Tongyu的参数的敏感分析显示不同参数需要在二个地点被校准与不同环境并且气候政体。观察的理智的热流动，潜伏的热流动，和有模仿的地面表面温度的比较证明有优化参数的模拟是实质地改善了。特别，有参数价值的刻度的整体的模拟离在干旱区域(Dunhuang)的观察靠近得多，并且有校准的参数的精力分区能也是在半干旱的区域(Tongyu)的模仿的井。当模型将被用来调查地对空的相互作用时，整个结果证明陆地表面模型的参数刻度是重要的。