简介：Thenon-classicalHLAclassIantigenHLA-GisanimmunemodulatorwhichinhibitsthefunctionsofTcells,NKcells,andtheDendriticcells(DC).Asaresult,HLA-Gexpressioninmalignantcellsmayprovidethemwithamechanismtoescapetheimmunesurveillance.Inmelanoma,HLA-Gantigenexpressionhasbeenfoundin30%ofsurgicallyremovedlesionsbutinlessthan1%ofestablishedcelllines.OnepossiblemechanismunderlyingthedifferentialHLAGexpressioninvivoandinvitroisthattheHLA-Ggeneisepigeneticallyrepressedinmelanomacellsinvitro.Totestthishypothesis,wetreatedtheHLA-GnegativemelanomacelllineOCM-1AwiththeDNAmethyltransferaseinhibitor5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine(5-AC)andanalyzedwhetherHLA-Gexpressioncanberestored.OurdatastronglysuggestthatHLA-GissilencedasaresultofCpGhypermethylationwithina5'regulatoryregionencompassing220bpupstreamofthestartcodon.Aftertreatment,HLA-GmRNAexpressionwasdramaticallyincreased.WesternblotandflowcytometryshowedthatHLA-Gproteinwasinduced.Interestingly,HLA-Gcellsurfaceexpressiononthe5-ACtreatedOCM-1AcellsismuchlessthanthatontheHLA-GpositiveJEG-3cellswhileasimilaramountoftotalHLA-Gwasobserved.Possiblemechanismsforthedifferencewereanalyzedinthestudysuchascellcold-treatment,peptideloadingandantigenprocessingmachinerycomponents(APM)aswellasβ2microglobulin(β2-m)expression.DatarevealedthattheAPMcomponentcalreticulinmightbeinvolvedinthelowerHLA-GsurfaceexpressiononOCM-1Acells.Takentogether,ourresultsindicatedthatDNAmethylationisanimportantepigeneticmechanismbywhichHLA-Gantigenexpressionismodulatedinmelanomacellsinvitro.Furthermore,tothefirsttime,wehypothesizedthatthedeficiencyofcalreticulinmightbeinvolvedinthelowHLA-Gsurfaceexpressiononthe5-ACtreatedOCM-lAcells.

简介：G-proteincoupledreceptors(GPCRs)representoneofthemostimportantclassesofdrugtargetsforpharmaceuticalindustryandplayimportantrolesincellularsignaltransduction.PredictingthecouplingspecificityofGPCRstoG-proteinsisvitalforfurtherunderstandingthemechanismofsignaltransductionandthefunctionofthereceptorswithinacell,whichcanprovidenewcluesforpharmaceuticalresearchanddevelopment.Inthisstudy,thefeaturesofaminoacidcompositionsandphysiochemicalpropertiesofthefull-lengthGPCRsequenceshavebeenanalyzedandextracted.Basedonthesefeatures,classifiershavebeendevelopedtopredictthecouplingspecificityofGPCRstoG-proteinsusingsupportvectormachines.Thetestingresultsshowthatthismethodcouldobtainbetterpredictionaccuracy.

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简介：以pBRTM/HCV-3011模板,通过PCR法扩增ns5a、LISDR(左端序列)和RISDR(右端序列),分别经XhoⅠ/EcoRⅠ、XhoⅠ/HindⅢ和EcoRⅠ/HindⅢ双酶切,连入穿梭质粒pEGFP-N3中,构建重组质粒pEGFP-N3-ns5a和pEGFP-N3-ns5a-△ISDR.对重组质粒进行酶切分析和序列测定.将这2种重组质粒通过电穿孔法转染HeLa细胞,然后在G418选择压力下进行有限稀释法筛选,用RT-PCR和荧光显微镜鉴定.经酶切鉴定和基因测序证实,重组穿梭质粒已插入目的片段ns5a、LISDR和RISDR.RT-PCR和荧光显微镜检测到目的基因的表达.以上结果说明成功构建了真核表达载体pEGFP-N3-ns5a和pEGFP-N3-ns5a-△ISDR,目的基因在HeLa细胞中得到表达,为研究HCVNS5A中是否存在抗干扰素治疗的功能蛋白提供了实验材料.

简介：东方田鼠(Microtusfortis)分布于我国东北、西北、华中、华南17个省区,在韩国及俄罗斯也见报道.国内对该鼠的5个亚种,即指名亚种(M.f.fortis)(西北)、东北亚种(M.f.pelliecus)、辽宁亚种(M.f.dolichocephalus)、长江亚种(M.f.calamorum)和福建亚种(M.f.fujianensis)(华南),作过一般生物学描述[1],对于东方田鼠研究得较多的是长江亚种,60年代有人对该种动物的生态学特点进行了报道,近期对洞庭湖区东方田鼠的种群动态、繁殖特性、迁移行为也有系列研究[2],特别是该种动物具有对日本血吸虫天然抗感染性,引起了学术界的广泛兴趣,本研究通过对人工繁殖的东方田鼠的细胞遗传学的观察,了解该种动物的染色体数目的范围、染色体核型以及染色体G带特征.

简介：Microarrayhasbecomeapopularbiotechnologyinbiologicalandmedicalresearch.However,systematicandstochasticvariabilitiesinmicroarraydataareexpectedandunavoidable,resultingintheproblemthattherawmeasurementshaveinherent"noise"withinmicroarrayexperiments.Currently,logarithmicratiosareusuallyanalyzedbyvariousclusteringmethodsdirectly,whichmayintroducebiasinterpretationinidentifyinggroupsofgenesorsamples.Inthispaper,astatisticalmethodbasedonmixedmodelapproacheswasproposedformicroarraydataclusteranalysis.TheunderlyingrationaleofthismethodistopartitiontheobservedtotalgeneexpressionlevelintovariousvariationscausedbydifferentfactorsusinganANOVAmodel,andtopredictthedifferentialeffectsofGV(genebyvariety)interactionusingtheadjustedunbiasedprediction(AUP)method.ThepredictedGVinteractioneffectscanthenbeusedastheinputsofclusteranalysis.Weillustratedtheapplicationofourmethodwithageneexpressiondatasetandelucidatedtheutilityofourapproachusinganexternalvalidation.

简介：Annotationsofcompletegenomesequencessubmitteddirectlyfromsequencingprojectsarediverseintermsofannotationstrategiesandupdatefrequencies.Theseinconsistenciesmakecomparativestudiesdifficult.Toallowrapiddataprepara-tionofalargenumberofcompletegenomes,automationandspeedareimpor-tantforgenomere-annotation.Hereweintroduceanopen-sourcerapidgenomere-annotationsoftwaresystem,Restauro-G,specializedforbacterialgenomes.Restauro-Gre-annotatesagenomebysimilaritysearchesutilizingtheBLAST-LikeAlignmentTool,referringtoproteindatabasessuchasUniProtKB,NCBInr,NCBICOGs,Pfam,andPSORTb.Re-annotationbyRestauro-Gachievedover98%accuracyformostbacterialchromosomesincomparisonwiththeoriginalmanuallycuratedannotationofEMBLreleases.Restauro-GwasdevelopedinthegenericbioinformaticsworkbenchG-languageGenomeAnalysisEnvironmentandisdistributedathttp://restauro-g.iab.keio.ac.jp/undertheGNUGeneralPublicLicense.

简介：Thebindingofnuclearproteinspreparedfrommouseerythroidtissueindifferentdevelopmentalstagestothe5'-flankingregulatoryelementsofhumanβ-globingene,twonegativecontrolregions(NCR1,-610to-490bp;NCR2,-338,to-233bp),wasidentified.TwostagespecificproteinfactorscorrespondingtoembryonicandfetalstageswerefoundtobecapableofbindingtoNCR2.Thesedataprovidedevidencethatthecisactingelementsofthe5'-flankingregionmightbeinvolvedinthedevelopmentalcontrolofβ-globingeneandNCR2mightberesponsibleinartforthesilenceofβ-glolbingeneintheembryonicandfetalstages.

简介：在新一期美国《科学》杂志对“2008年值得关注的科研热点”的预测中，生命科学就占了5个席位，可以预见，2008年将又是一个生命科学研究热点年。

简介：MicroRNAs(miRNA)指导在基因表示的一个重要角色在植物为到环境条件的发展进程和回答要求了的顺序特定的posttranscriptional基因silencing玩。然而，很少对transcriptional和miRNA表示的posttranscriptional规定被知道。Histoneacetylation在染色质改变起一个重要作用并且为基因激活被要求。由在Arabidopsis的异种分析miRNAs和相应主要miRNAs的子集的累积，我们显示出那histoneacetyltransferaseGCN5(一般控制非镇压的protein5)在miRNA上有一般压抑的效果生产，当它为一个子集的表示被要求时(例如压力可诱导)MIRNA基因。在miRNA生产的GCN5的一般否定功能多半通过象DICERLIKE1(DCL1)那样的miRNA机械基因的间接压抑被完成，有锯齿(SE)，偏下性的LEAVES1(HYL1)和ARGONAUTE1(AGO1)。染色质immunoprecipitation试金表明GCN5指向到MIRNA基因的一个子集并且为在这些loci的histoneH3离氨酸14的acetylation被要求。而且，由trichostatin的histonedeacetylation的抑制一个处理或在histonedeacetylase，基因异种损害了某些miRNAs的累积。这些数据一起建议ArabidopsisGCN5在transcriptional和posttranscriptional层次防碍miRNA小径，histoneacetylation/deacetylation是涉及miRNA的规定的epigenetic机制生产。

简介：TheconditionofourEarthischanging,anditischangingduetohumandominance.Werealisedthatourinfluenceonbiotaisoverwhelming,buildinguptoamassextinction,thesixthinthehistoryoflifeonEarth.Thelaterthisrealisationisturnedintoactiontodecreaseourfatalinfluence,theworsearethechancesofthesurvivalofthehumanrace.Howcanwefail?Oneplausiblescenarioisthatthiscanhappenviathelossofecologicalservices

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简介：Xenopusorganizerspecificgenenogginpossessesnearlyallthecharacteresticpropertiesoftheactionoforganizertospecifytheembryonicbodyacis.Toanalyzehowthematernalinheritedfactorscontrolitsexpressionpattern,weclonedthe5'regulatoryregionofnoggingene.The1.5kbupstreamsequensecoulddirectreportergenetoexpressinvivoanddatafromdeletionanalysisindicatedthata229basepairfragmetisessentialforactivatingnogginexpression.WefurtherdemonstratedthattheresponseelementswithinthisregulatoryregionwereindeedunderthecontrolofgrowthfactoractivinandWntsignalingpathwaycomponents.

简介：比较HitrapG蛋白Sepharose亲和色谱系统对不同动物血清或腹水的纯化效果,为抗体纯化提供依据。结果显示,G蛋白对不同动物血清IgG吸附能力不同,体现在单位体积抗体回收量明显不同,这一特点与A蛋白亲和色谱系统相似。该方法简便快速,纯化抗体纯度高,免疫活性好,色谱柱可反复使用多次

简介：heterotrimericguanine核苷酸绑定蛋白质(G蛋白质)被表明了各种各样的发信号调停在植物的小径。然而，它在发信号的phytochromeA(phyA)的角色留下逃犯。在这研究，我们发现新调停phyA的显型指明了far-red照耀(FR)preconditioned房间死亡，它仅仅在跟随暴露到白光(WL)的FR-grown幼苗的胚轴发生。房间死亡在G变异的gpa1被减轻，但是与野类型(WT)比较在G变异的agb1加重了，在调停phyA的房间死亡小径的GPA1和AGB1的对抗角色的陈述语气。进一步的调查显示nonphotoconvertibleprotochlorophyllide(Pchlide633)的导致FR的累积，在暴露上产生反应的氧种类(ROS)到WL，为前提FR的房间死亡被要求。而且，ROS主要在叶绿体被检测用荧光灯探查。有趣地，到黑暗成年的幼苗的H2O2的申请导致类似于前提FR的房间死亡的显型。这表明ROS是为房间死亡的一个批评调停人。另外，我们观察到agb1比WT幼苗对H2O2更敏感，显示G蛋白质可以也修改到ROS应力的幼苗的敏感。一起拿这些结果，我们推断G蛋白质可以涉及表明小径调整Arabidopsis胚轴的前提FR的房间死亡的phyA。在phyA位于G蛋白质的参与下面发信号的可能的机制在这研究被讨论。

简介：Thestudyofsmalldrugmoleculesinteractingwithnucleicacidsisanareaofintenseresearchthathasparticularrelevanceinourunderstandingofrelativemechanisminchemotherapeuticapplicationsandtheassociationbetweengenetics(includingsequencevariation)anddrugresponse.Inthiscontribution,wedemonstratehowthesequence-specificbindingofananticancerdrugDacarbazine(DTIC)tosinglebase(A-G)mismatchcouldbesensitivelydetectedbycombiningelectrochemicaldetectionwithbiosensingsurfacebasedongoldnanoparticles.

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简介：UnderstandingthecouplingspecificitybetweenGprotein-coupledreceptors(GPCRs)andspecificclassesofGproteinsisimportantforfurtherelucidationofreceptorfunctionswithinacell.IncreasinginformationonGPCRsequencesandtheGproteinfamilywouldfacilitatepredictionofthecouplingpropertiesofGPCRs.Inthisstudy,wedescribeanovelapproachforpredictingthecouplingspecificitybetweenGPCRsandGproteins.ThismethodusesnotonlyGPCRsequencesbutalsothefunctionalknowledgegeneratedbynaturallanguagepro-cessing,andcanachieve92.2%predictionaccuracybyusingtheC4.5algorithm.Furthermore,rulesrelatedtoGPCR-Gproteincouplingaregenerated.Thecom-binationofsequenceanalysisandtextminingimprovesthepredictionaccuracyforGPCR-Gproteincouplingspecificity,andalsoprovidescluesforunderstandingGPCRsignaling.