简介:目的氨基糖苷类抗生素的分离和鉴定距今已70多年,对治疗严重革兰阴性菌感染,如肠球菌和结核杆菌感染有着强大的功效。然而,随着氨基糖苷类抗生素用药疗程的延长或(和)剂量的增加往往导致。肾毒性和耳毒性,阻碍了其在临床上的广泛应用。由于非耳毒性抗生素也具有较广的抗菌谱,用于许多系统感染性疾病的治疗,使得曾经作为优先选择使用的氨基糖苷类抗生素逐渐被取代。然而现在,氨基糖苷类抗生素处于一个潜伏的复兴时期,正逐渐用于治疗对大多数一线抗生素耐受生物所引起的严重性感染,如多重耐药结核、复杂性院内获得性急性尿路感染等。氨基糖苷类抗生素使用的增加,再次向科学家和医生提出了挑战,即。肾毒性和耳毒性的问题,尤其该类抗生素导致的耳聋对于具有遗传易感性的患者往往是极重度且不可逆转的。基于这个原因,在过去二十年里,科学家提出了很多种分子治疗策略与氨基糖苷类抗生素导致的耳毒性副作用相抗衡。本文主要概述了:①氨基糖苷类药物杀菌的分子机制,②氨基糖苷类抗生素如何导致具有遗传易感倾向的患者发生耳毒性,③到目前为止,在临床实验和,或临床上已被证明的能阻止和调节氨基糖苷类耳毒性的药物和化合物,④减少氨基糖苷类抗生素剂量来减少耳毒性的发生率。
简介:《喉科手术学》2000年出版,2002年第2次印刷。近十年间随着医学技术飞跃发展,喉科手术也在不断更新及创新。为了适应新的形式,人民卫生出版社于2007年出版了《喉科手术学》第2版。此版主要围绕有关保留、改菩喉功能的理论,特别是新发展的手术为主要增修内容,增加了与保留和改善喉功能研究发展相关的喉及喉咽的解剖及生理:增补了保留或改善喉功能的手术、喉显微手术、喉咽癌激光手术、喉返神经单、双侧麻痹及喉手术后喉功能不良新发展的喉功能整复术、喉误吸手术、喉蹼切除术、喉肉芽肿切除术、杓状软骨脱位、骨折和固定的整复术:补充了喉气管狭窄,喉、喉咽和颈食管癌等新的手术方法;充实了甲状腺肿瘤手术,颈淋巴结清扫术内容,
简介:TheGJB2gene(connexin26)hasbeenshowntoberesponsibleforDFNB1andDFNA3.WescreenedtheGJB2genein488patientswithprelingualdeafness(Group1),124withpostlingualdeafness(Group2),and117normalhearingsubjects(Group3).Wefoundthat,inGroup1,65patients(13.32%)werehomozygotesorcompoundheterozygotesand51patients(10.45%)carriedasinglepathogenicmutation.The235delCmutationwasthemostfrequentmutation,accountingfor73.22%oftheknownpathogenicallelesinGroup1.NohomozygotesorcompoundheterozygotesweredetectedinGroup2orGroup3.Somepostlingualdeafpatients(2.42%)andnormalhearingsubjects(4.27%)were235delCcarriers.Ourpreliminarydataindicatethat235delC,themostfrequentmutationidentifiedinthisstudy,isamajorcauseforprelingualdeafness.
简介:目的构建含有人E2F2基因和绿色荧光蛋白基因(pEGFP)的腺病毒载体,为聋病的基因治疗奠定实验基础。方法根据已知的E2F2基因序列设计并合成相应的双链DNA,将其与酶切线性化的pDC315-EGFP载体片段连接,构建穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2,并将其与腺病毒骨架质粒pBHGlox△E1,3Cre共转染HEK293细胞,同源重组产生重组腺病毒。对重组腺病毒进行扩增、纯化及滴度测定,用聚合酶链反应和测序方法验证穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2穿梭质粒的构建;通过荧光显微镜和Westernblot(蛋白质印迹)方法,分别检测质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2和重组腺病毒表达E2F2蛋白情况。结果经聚合酶链反应鉴定和测序分析,证实穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2与设计一致;经荧光显微镜检测,分别由穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2、重组腺病毒转染的HEK293细胞均可观察到GFP表达;经WesternBlot检测出在72kDa~95kDa处有条特征带,其大小和E2F2-GFP融合蛋白(~76kDa)相吻合;滴度测定为1×1011PFU/ml(PFU,plaqueformingunit,空斑形成单位)。结论成功构建了人E2F2基因重组腺病毒载体,并能在HEK293细胞中表达。
简介:WehavedeliveredviralvectorscontainingeitherChop2fusedwithGFP,Channelrhodopsin-2(ChR2),orHalorhodopsin(HaloR)fusedwithmCherry(toformlightgatedcationchannelsorchloridepumps,respectively),intothedorsalcochlearnucleus(DCN).OnetoeighteenmonthslaterweexaminedtheCNandinferiorcolliculus(IC)forevidenceofvirallytransfectedcellsandprocesses.ProductionofChR2andHaloRwasobservedthroughouttheDCN.Rhodopsinlocalizationwithinneuronswasdetermined,withelongate,fusiformandgiantcellsidentifiedbasedonmorphologyandlocationwithintheDCN.ProductionofChR2andHaloRwasfoundatboththeinjectionsiteaswellasinregionsprojectingtoandfromtheDCN.LightdrivenneuronalactivityintheDCNwasdependentuponthewavelengthandintensityofthelight,withonlytheappropriatewavelengthresultinginactivationandhigherintensitylightresultinginmoreneuronalactivity.Transfectingcellsviaviraldeliveryofrhodopsinscanbeusefulasatracttracerandasaneuronalmarkertodelineatepathways.Inthefuturerhodopsindeliveryandactivationmaybedevelopedasanalternativetoelectricalstimulationofneurons.
简介:1耳科常用激光激光是继原子能、计算机以及半导体之后,人类的又一重大发明。因其前所未有的高能量、高精确性等特点,激光自发明伊始即被广泛应用于包括临床医学在内的各个领域。在耳科学领域,空间狭小、组织功能脆弱等特征使得耳科手术始终充满了挑战。近年来,随着显微设备、激光设备及手术技术的不断进步,激光技术在耳科学的应用日趋普及并取得了巨大的成功。
简介:MutationsinGJB2genearethemostfrequentlyfoundmutationsinpatientswithnonsyndromichearingimpairment.However,thespectrumandprevalenceofmutationsinthisgenevaryamongdifferentethnicgroups.InChina,30,000infantsarebornwithcongenitalhearingimpairmentannually.Inordertoprovideappropriategenetictestingandcounselingtothefamilies,weinvestigatedthemolecularetiologyofnonsyndromicdeafnessin103unrelatedschoolchildrenattendingNantongSchoolfortheDeafandMuteinJiangsuProvince,China.ThecodingexonoftheGJB2genewasPCRamplifiedandsequenced.SixtytwoGJB2mutantalleleswereidentifiedin35.9%(37/103)ofthepatients.Twentyfivepatientscarriedtwopathogenicmutationsand12patientscarriedonemutantallele.The235delCwasthemostcommonmutationaccountingfor69.4%(43/62)ofGJB2mutantalleles.TheGJB2mutantallelesaccountedfor30.1%(62/206)ofallchromosomesresponsiblefornonsyndromichearingimpairment.Testingofthe3mostprevalentdeleteriousframeshiftmutationsinthiscohortdetected100%ofallGJB2mutantalleles.TheseresultsdemonstratethataneffectivegenetictestingofGJB2geneforpatientsandfamilieswithnonsyndromichearingimpairmentispossible.
简介:ObjectiveToinvestigateGJB2mutationprevalencesintheUigurandHanethnicgroupsinXinjiang,China,anddeterminetherelationshipbetweenethnicityandGJB2genemutations.MethodsInformationregardingethnicityofpatients'familieswasobtainedthroughmedicalrecordsreviewand/orpatientinterview.Bloodsampleswerecollectedfrom61Uigursand66Hansfordirectsequencingofthecodingregionandintron/exonboundariesoftheGBJ2gene.ResultsCarrierfrequencyofGJB2mutationswassimilarbetweentheUigurandHansubjects.TheGJB235delGmutationwasseenonlyinUigurpatientswithhearingloss,whereasthe235delCmutationwasidentifiedinbothUigurandHanpatients.TheallelicFrequencyof35delGmutationwas7.4%(9/122)inUigurdeafstudents,butnoneinHandeafstudents(0/128)andUigurcontrols(0/196).TheallelicfrequencyofGJB2235delCmutationinUigurandHandeafstudentswas5.7%and9.8%,andthatof299-300delATmutationwas0.8%and5.5%,respectively.V27IandE114Gwerethemostfrequenttypesofpolymorphism.ConclusionWefoundanAsian-specificGJB2diversityamongUigurs,andcomparableGJB2contributiontodeafnessinUigurandHanpatients.Thehighcarrierfrequencyof35delGinUigurs(11.5%)isprobablydefinedbygenedrift/foundereffectinaparticulargroup.EventhoughGJB2mutationshavebeenwidelyreportedintheliterature,thisdiscussionrepresentsthefirstreportofGJB2mutationsinChinesemulti-ethnicpopulations.
简介:1喉癌喉咽癌CO2激光手术简史激光是20世纪60年代以来发展异常迅速的新科学技术,可以对生物组织产生强的热作用,从而实现对生物组织的切割、汽化和凝固。将激光技术应用于喉显微外科手术,
简介:目的检测不同年龄大鼠下丘α-氨基羟甲基恶唑丙酸(α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole—propionicacid,AMPA)受体亚型GluR2/3(Glutmaterecptor2/3)的分布及其与听性脑干反应(auditorybrainstemresponse,ABR)的关系。方法分别测定1,4,9,15周龄SD大鼠ABR反应阈;FITC标记免疫组化方法检测GluR2/3亚型在不同周龄SD大鼠下丘中的分布。结果1周龄SD大鼠检测不到明显的ABR波形.4周龄起能检测到稳定的ABR波形。GluR2/3在不同年龄大鼠下丘神经元中均有表达。1周龄大鼠染色较少,位于胞膜;4周龄时表达强,主要位于胞膜;9周龄时较弱,位于胞膜及胞质;15周龄时可见于胞膜及核周胞质,但胞质较强。4周龄与1、9、15周龄胞膜相比,GluR2/3亚型的表达较强,差异有显著性;1周与9周、15周龄胞膜之间.GluR2/3的表达较弱,差异无显著性。结论出生后GluR2/3在下丘的含量及分布部位均随年龄变化而变化.这种改变可能与下丘的发育相关。
简介:MutationsintheGJB2genearethemostfrequentlyfoundmutationsinpatientswithnonsyndromichearingimpairment.However,themutationspectrumandprevalenceofmutationsvaryamongdifferentethnicgroups.Everyyear,30,000babiesarebornwithcongenitalhearingimpairmentinChina.Inordertoprovideappropriategenetictestingandcounselingtothefamily,weinvestigatedthemolecularetiologyofnonsyndromicdeafnessin135unrelatedschoolchildrenattendingChifengMunicipalSpecialEducationSchoolinInnerMongolia,China.ThecodingexonoftheGJB2genewasPCRamplifiedandsequenced.Inaddition,the12SrRNAgeneandtRNAser(UCN)ofmitochondrialgenomewerescreenedformutationsresponsibleforhearingimpairment.SixtyfourGJB2mutantalleles,including60confirmedpathogenicallelesand4unclassifiedvariants,wereidentifiedin31.1%(42/135)ofthesubjects.Twentytwosubjectscarriedtwopathogenicmutationsand20subjectscarriedonemutantallele,includingonesubjectwithoneautosomaldominantmutation.The235delCwasthemostcommonmutationaccountingfor65.6%(42/64)GJB2mutantalleles.WhencomparedtootherAsianpopulations,oursubjectcohorthadhigherfrequencyof235delCmutationthantheJapanesepopulation.TheGJB2mutantallelesaccountfor23.7%(64/270)ofallchromosomesresponsiblefornonsyndromichearingimpairment.Testingofthe4mostprevalentdeleteriousframeshiftmutations(235delC,299_300delAT,176_191del16,and560_605ins46)inthiscohortdetected90%ofallGJB2mutantalleles.TheseresultsdemonstratethateffectivegenetictestingoftheGJB2geneforpatientsandfamilieswithnonsyndromichearingimpairmentispossibleintheChinesepopulation.Sincethemostcommon309kbGJB6deletionisnotdetectedandonlyone1555A>GmutationinmitochondrialDNAisdetectedinourpatients,investigationofmutationsinothernucleargenesand/orenvironmentalfactorsresponsiblefornonsyndromichearingimpairmentintheChinesepopulationis
简介:目的构建6种分别携带GJB2基因错义突变A40G、V37I、L90P、L90V、V84L和W44C的真核表达载体,转染HEK293细胞,建立6种错义突变的稳定表达细胞系。方法以野生型Cx26-EGFP融合蛋白质粒为模板,用Stratagene公司定点突变试剂盒构建错义突变表达载体,直接测序鉴定序列正确性,选取含有突变的载体转染HEK293细胞,G418选择性培养2周,流式细胞仪筛选表达阳性细胞,扩增培养形成稳定表达人Cx26突变的HEK293细胞系。培养细胞用4%多聚甲醛固定,鬼笔环肽和4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚衬染细胞核,荧光显微镜下检测结果。结果6种突变表达载体经过测序,均含有相应突变,无多余突变出现,转染后均可在细胞间形成缝隙连接,呈现绿色荧光。结论成功构建6种携带GJB2基因错义突变的真核表达载体,为进一步研究错义突变致聋原因奠定了实验基础。
简介:目的本实验对分泌性中耳炎患者的中耳积液标本进行白介素-2(IL-2)浓度检测和分析,以探索其在分泌性中耳炎中的临床意义.方法用双抗夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测中耳积液、患者血清及对照血清中IL-2的浓度.结果实验组中耳积液中IL-2的浓度明显高于血清中的浓度;实验组血清中IL-2的浓度较对照组血清高;急性期组IL-2含量较慢性期组高;行首次穿刺及二次穿刺患者之间,中耳积液中IL-2的浓度无明显差异(P>0.05);而行三次或三次以上穿刺者中耳积液中该因子的浓度则明显升高(P<0.01).结论中耳积液中的IL-2是由中耳腔局部产生的,而非单纯由血液中渗透而来;中耳积液中IL-2的高浓度可作为分泌性中耳炎转为慢性病程或迁延不愈的参考.
简介:摘要目的对CO2激光在早期声门型喉癌治疗中的应用进行临床分析和评价。方法对2011年12月-2014年2月在我院耳鼻喉科行CO2激光治疗的60例早期声门型喉癌患者的临床资料进行总结和分析。结果术后8例复发,复发率为13.3%(8/60)。其中,T1a病变3例,复发率为11.5%(3/26),T1b病变3例,复发率为20.0%(3/15),T2病变2例,复发率为20.0%(2/10),组间比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.180,P>0.05);21例患者肿瘤浸润至前联合,有7例复发,复发率为33.3%(7/21);39例患者肿瘤未浸润至前联合,有2例复发,复发率为5.1%(2/39),两组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.003,P<0.05)。结论CO2激光手术治疗早期声门型喉癌疗效安全可靠,对发音功能保留好,值得在临床推广应用。