简介:AbstractBackground:The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused substantial disruptions to health services in the low and middle-income countries with a high burden of other diseases, such as malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on malaria transmission potential in malaria-endemic countries in Africa.Methods:We present a data-driven method to quantify the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as various non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), could lead to the change of malaria transmission potential in 2020. First, we adopt a particle Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to estimate epidemiological parameters in each country by fitting the time series of the cumulative number of reported COVID-19 cases. Then, we simulate the epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 under two groups of NPIs: (1) contact restriction and social distancing, and (2) early identification and isolation of cases. Based on the simulated epidemic curves, we quantify the impact of COVID-19 epidemic and NPIs on the distribution of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Finally, by treating the total number of ITNs available in each country in 2020, we evaluate the negative effects of COVID-19 pandemic on malaria transmission potential based on the notion of vectorial capacity.Results:We conduct case studies in four malaria-endemic countries, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Zambia, in Africa. The epidemiological parameters (i.e., the basic reproduction number R0 and the duration of infection DI) of COVID-19 in each country are estimated as follows: Ethiopia (R0 = 1.57, DI = 5.32), Nigeria (R0 = 2.18, DI = 6.58), Tanzania (R0 = 2.47, DI = 6.01), and Zambia (R0 = 2.12, DI = 6.96). Based on the estimated epidemiological parameters, the epidemic curves simulated under various NPIs indicated that the earlier the interventions are implemented, the better the epidemic is controlled. Moreover, the effect of combined NPIs is better than contact restriction and social distancing only. By treating the total number of ITNs available in each country in 2020 as a baseline, our results show that even with stringent NPIs, malaria transmission potential will remain higher than expected in the second half of 2020.Conclusions:By quantifying the impact of various NPI response to the COVID-19 pandemic on malaria transmission potential, this study provides a way to jointly address the syndemic between COVID-19 and malaria in malariaendemic countries in Africa. The results suggest that the early intervention of COVID-19 can effectively reduce the scale of the epidemic and mitigate its impact on malaria transmission potential.
简介:AbstractThis study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clinical data of COVID-19 patients diagnosed between January 28, 2020 and February 23, 2020 at the Beijing You'an Hospital were summarized and analyzed. Overall, 45 (18 men and 27 women) patients were included in this study. The average age of patients was 58 years (range, 7–94 years). Furthermore, 21 patients (47%) experienced underlying chronic diseases, with another four patients (9%) having three or more chronic diseases simultaneously. The first symptoms appeared at the onset of illness onset include fever in 36 patients (80%), cough in 23 patients (51%), and expectoration in 15 patients (33%), respectively. Patients may experience hepatic and renal injury as well as abnormal myocardial enzymes in varying degrees. Senior patients (≥58) and accompanying chronic diseases were considered as independent predictors for developing a severe and critically ill population with increased mortality. Laboratory results regarding the NEU percentage, NLR, ALC, and C-reactive protein levels were considered significant in predicting clinically critical disease or for prognosis assessment and thus require further studies. COVID-19 may affect multiple organs of the human body. Glucocorticoid is considered effective in the treatment of patients diagnosed with severe COVID-19.
简介:摘要目的通过检测79例COVID-19患者血清新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)特异性IgM和IgG抗体水平,了解这两种抗体在患者体内的变化规律。方法选取杭州市西溪医院临床确诊为COVID-19的患者79例,收集不同时期(发病后≤10 d、10<~20 d、20<~30 d、>30 d)血清样本共167份,化学发光免疫分析法检测2019-nCoV特异性IgM和IgG抗体水平并结合临床资料进行分析。结果重型和普通型患者IgM抗体平均水平高于轻型患者[21.77 (10.18~128.65)和13.13 (6.08~35.14) vs 3.01 (1.69~8.69);χ2=27.442,P<0.01]。重型和普通型患者IgG抗体平均水平高于轻型患者[(124.22±36.79)和(120.04±63.25)vs(52.31±53.68),F/χ2=27.295,P<0.01)。康复出院后,重型和普通型患者的IgM、IgG抗体阳性率均高于轻型患者(P<0.01)。IgM和IgG抗体水平受检测时间影响,发病后10<~20 d的IgM抗体水平明显高于≤10 d的水平(P<0.05),发病后>10 d的IgG抗体水平明显高于≤10 d的水平(P<0.01)。结论重型COVID-19患者体内能检测到更高水平的IgM和IgG抗体,且IgM和IgG抗体水平与患者发病后的检测时期密切相关。
简介:【摘要】 介绍1例原钙黏蛋白19(PCDH19)基因相关癫痫的综合护理方法。PCDH19基因相关癫痫目前在国内报道尚少,严密的病情监测、丛集性发作期间正确处理、安全防护、康复训练及健康指导等护理措施对原钙黏蛋白19(PCDH19)基因相关癫痫丛集性发作的控
简介:APRIL2015ChinaPledgesEducation,Hospital,JurorSystemReformsOnApr.1,China’scentralauthoritiesrolledoutplanstosupportruralteachers,overhaulpublichospitalsandimprovepublicsupervisionofcourtcases.Theplanswereadoptedatthe11thmeetingofthecentralleadinggroupfordeepeningoverallreformonWednesday,duringwhichPresidentXiJinping,whoisalso