简介:Thescatteringprobleminvolvingwaterwavesbysmallundulationontheporousocean-bedinatwo-layerfluid,isinvestigatedwithintheframeworkofthetwo-dimensionallinearwaterwavetheorywheretheupperlayeriscoveredbyathinuniformsheetoficemodeledasathinelasticplate.Insuchatwo-layerfluidthereexistwaveswithtwodifferentmodes,onewithalowerwavenumberpropagatealongtheice-coverwhilstthosewithahigherwavenumberpropagatealongtheinterface.Anincidentwaveofaparticularwavenumbergetsreflectedandtransmittedoverthebottomundulationintowavesofbothmodes.PerturbationanalysisinconjunctionwiththeFouriertransformtechniqueisusedtoderivethefirst-ordercorrectionsofreflectionandtransmissioncoefficientsforboththemodesduetoincidentwavesoftwodifferentmodes.Onespecialtypeofbottomtopographyisconsideredasanexampletoevaluatetherelatedcoefficientsindetail.Thesecoefficientsaredepictedingraphicalformstodemonstratethetransformationofwaveenergybetweenthetwomodesandalsotoillustratetheeffectsoftheicesheetandtheporosityoftheundulatingbed.
简介:Severalindustrialapplicationssuchaselectronicdevices,heatexchangers,gasturbineblades,etc.needcoolingprocesses.Theinternalcoolingtechniqueisproperforsomeapplications.Inthepresentwork,computationalsimulationsweremadeusingANSYSCFXtopredicttheimprovementsofinternalheattransferintherectangularribbedchannelusingdifferentcoolants.Severalcoolantssuchasair,steam,air/mistandsteam/mistwereinvestigated.Theshearstresstransportmodel(SST)isselectedbycomparingthestandardk-ωandOmegaReynoldsStress(ωRS)turbulencemodelswithexperimentalresults.Theresultsindicatethattheheattransfercoefficientsareenhancedintheribbedchannelwhileinjectingsmallamountsofmist.Theheattransfercoefficientsofair/mist,steamandsteam/mistincreaseby12.5%,49.5%and107%overthatofair,respectively.Furthermore,incomparisontoair,theair/mistheattransfercoefficientenhancesbyabout1.05to1.14timeswhenthemistmassfractionincreasesfrom2%to8%,respectively.Thesteam/mistheattransfercoefficientincreasesbyabout1.12to1.27timeshigherthanthatofsteamovertheconsideredrangeofmistmassfraction.
简介:Themainchallengeforcontainerportsistheplanningrequiredforberthingcontainershipswhiledockedinport.Growthofcontainerizationiscreatingproblemsforportsandcontainerterminalsastheyreachtheircapacitylimitsofvariousresourceswhichincreasinglyleadstotrafficandportcongestion.Goodplanningandmanagementofcontainerterminaloperationsreduceswaitingtimeforlinerships.Reducingthewaitingtimeimprovestheterminal’sproductivityanddecreasestheportdifficulties.Twoimportantkeystoreducingwaitingtimewithberthallocationaredeterminingsuitableaccesschanneldepthsandincreasingthenumberofberthswhichinthispaperarestudiedandanalyzedaspracticalsolutions.Simulationbasedanalysisistheonlywaytounderstandhowvariousresourcesinteractwitheachotherandhowtheyareaffectedintheberthingtimeofships.WeusedtheEnterpriseDynamicssoftwaretoproducesimulationmodelsduetothecomplexityandnatureoftheproblems.WefurtherpresentcasestudyforberthallocationsimulationofthebiggestcontainerterminalinIranandtheoptimumaccesschanneldepthandthenumberofberthsareobtainedfromsimulationresults.Theresultsshowasignificantreductioninthewaitingtimeforcontainershipsandcanbeusefulformajorfunctionsinoperationsanddevelopmentofcontainershipterminals.
简介:1引言矩理论是图像处理领域的重要内容。通常希望用一系列符号或某种规则来具体地描绘一幅图像的特征,以便在进一步地识别、分析或分类中有利于区分不同性质的图像。同时,也可以减少图像区域中的原始数据量。不变矩(Invariantmoments)是一种高度浓缩的图像特征,具有平移、灰度、尺度、旋转等多畸变不变性,因此矩和矩函数被广泛用于图像的模式识别、图像分类、目标识别和场景分析中。M.K.Hu[1]在1961年首先提出不变矩的概念,证明了矩组(7)对于平移、旋转和大小比例变化都是不变的,因此用它们可以描绘一幅给定的图像。由于不变矩具有良好的平移、旋转和尺度缩放不变性及抗干扰性,一直是图像识别领域的重要研究课题。