简介:吉林省林业厅,内蒙古、吉林、龙江、大兴安岭森工(林业)集团公司。国家林业和草原局内蒙古、长春、黑龙江、大兴安岭专员办:《国家林业局关于从严控制矿产资源开发等项目占用东北、内蒙古重点国有林区林地的通知》(林资发[2013]4号)下发以来,严格限制了勘查、开采矿藏和风电场项目使用东北、内蒙古重点国有林区(以下简称“重点林区”)的林地,有效减少了新增矿山和风电场项目的数量,取得了良好的成效。为继续巩固禁限成效,切实落实“绿水青山就是金山银山”的发展理念,进一步依法严格规范勘查、开采矿藏和风电场项目使用重点林区林地,现提出以下要求,请遵照执行。
简介:喀斯特山区生态系统的恢复和重建,已经成为决定西南地区环境、经济和社会能否持续发展的关键问题,其中植被的生态恢复无疑是极为基础和重要的环节之一,物种选择又是重中之重.通过互联网搜索、文献阅读和野外实地考察,针对喀斯特分布极广且石漠化最为严重的贵州省,本研究调查和分析了喀斯特山区植被生态恢复过程中所选择的物种分布现状,对其恢复效果进行了初步评价,希望能对西南喀斯特山区的生态恢复,尤其是对即将全面铺开的石漠化综合治理提供参考和建议.结果表明:在贵州省78个岩溶县(市、区)的328个地点,共调查收集到用于植被恢复的物种87种,其中生态林物种26种(主要是松、杉、柏、香椿、杨树和车桑子等),经济林物种47种,包括26种药用植物(太子参、天麻等)和其他21种经济林物种(茶、油茶、梨、桃、李、板栗等),另外有牧草14种(白花三叶草、黑麦草、紫花苜蓿等).这些物种聚集或零散种植在不同的喀斯特石漠化综合治理大区:A区(黔西高原山地)、B区(黔中丘原山地)、C区(黔东低山丘陵)和D区(无石漠化).就恢复效果而言,油茶、茶、中药材、花卉栽培及草地畜牧业均显示出了规模化、产业化发展的良好势头,板栗、核桃、花椒、桃、梨等经济林物种也在其生长适宜地取得了良好的生态和经济效益.然而,植被生态恢复中所营造的人工林,均存在树种单一、物种配置简单、经营粗放等问题,林分的整体功能和生态、经济效益较低,亟待进行改造;不同喀斯特石漠化综合治理区域也需要采取不同的物种配置措施.
简介:湿地生态系统退化的临界状态判别是湿地风险评价的重要内容,也是实施湿地生态系统健康有效管理与保护的重要前提。以中国北方半干旱地区天然内陆湿地——卧龙湖为例,在综合考虑湿地退化指标的基础上,选择水质、蓄水量、生物多样性和生态脆弱性等典型参数指标建立了湿地生态系统退化状态判别的尖点突变模型。研究表明湿地生态系统的退化过程与突变理论的基本特征相符,模型拟合结果较好地反映了卧龙湖湿地退化状态。通过对卧龙湖湿地1994-2009年的数据模拟,结果表明:1994-2001年间卧龙湖湿地生态系统处于较健康的状态,而2002年的判别结果显示卧龙湖湿地处于退化突变状态,即湿地退化导致了生态系统相当程度的损害。研究还表明,卧龙湖湿地生态水量的减少和水环境质量的降低是导致湿地退化的重要因素。为了保护湿地生态系统的健康,防止卧龙湖湿地生态系统退化的发生,应在科学配置区域水资源的同时合理调整区域的产业结构,提高农村污水处理率。
简介:红树林为热带和亚热带海岸潮间带特有的植被类型,但因人为的破坏,我国红树林面积和资源锐减,现有红树林湿地中不少处于退化状态,开展红树林湿地生态恢复具有重要意义.在福建泉州湾红树林湿地开展了不同滩涂立地、造林方式、栽植不同密度下桐花树、秋茄的生态恢复试验,进行了各种造林方法的经济投入分析.结果表明,在海岸湿地进行植被恢复和造林地规划时,应重视滩涂潮汐浸淹深度的影响,尽量选择浅滩地、中滩地营造红树林.桐花树移植天然小苗,秋茄采用胚轴插植方法造林,成活率达83%以上.造林初植密度以0.5m×1.0m适当密植为宜.红树人工林通过消浪、促淤、降低风速等作用达到了保护海岸的目的.
简介:[1]AnZS,WeiLY,LuYC,1985,ApreliminarystudyofsoilstratigraphyinLuochuanloessprofile.QuaternarySciences,6(1):166-173.(inChinese)[2]AnZS,KutzbacchJE,PrellWLetal.,2001.EvolutionofAsianmonsoonsandphasedupliftoftheHimalaya-TibetanplateausinceLateMiocenetimes.Nature,411:62-66.[3]BarbaraAM,1995.PalaeorainfallreconstructionsfrompedogenicmagneticsusceptibilityvariationintheChineseloessandpalaeosol.QuaternaryResearch,44(3):383-391.[4]DerbyshireE,MengXM,KempRA,1998.Provenance,transportandcharacteristicsofmodemaeoliandustinwesternGansuProvince,China,andinterpretationoftheQuaternaryloessrecord.JournalofAridEnvironments,39:497-516.[5]DingZL,LiuDS,LiuXMetal.,1989.37cyclessince2.5Ma.ChineseScienceBulletin,34(19):1494-1496.[6]DingZL,RutterNW,SunJMetal.,2000.Re-arrangementofatmosphericcirculationatabout2.6MaovernorthernChina:evidencefromgrainsizerecordsofloess-palaeosolandredclaysequences.QuaternaryScienceReviews,19:547-558.[7]DuJ,ZhaoJB,2004.SoilerosionregularitysinceHoloceneinShaolingtablelandofChang′an.JournalofDesertResearch,24(1):63-67.(inChinese)[8]FengZD,WangHB,OlsonCetal.,2004.Chronolgicaldiscordbetweenthelastinterglacialpaleosol(S1)anditsparentmaterialintheChineseLoessPlateau.QuaternaryInternational,117:17-26.[9]GuoZT,LiuDS,FedoroffNetal.,1998.ClimateextremesinloessofChinacoupledwiththestrengthofdeep-waterformationintheNorthAtlantic.GlobalandPlanetaryChange,18:113-128.[10]GuoZT,WillamFRuddiman,HaoQZetal.,2002.OnsetofAsiandesertificationby22MyragoinferredfromloessdepositsinChina.Nature,416:159-163.[11]HeinrichH,1988.OriginandconsequenceofcycliciceraftinginthenortheastAtlanticOceanduringpast130000years.QuaternaryResearch,29:142-152.[12]KempRA,DerbyshireE,
简介:Glacierinventorycompilationduringthepast20yearsandmodificationsofthatfortheEasternPamirandBanggongLakeindicatethatthereare46,342modernglacierswithatotalareaandvolumeof59415km2and5601km3respectivelyinChina.Theseglacierscanbeclassifiedintomaritimeandcontinental(includingsub-continentalandextremelycontinental)types.ResearchesshowthatglaciersinChinahavebeenretreatingsincetheLittleIceAgeandthemasswastagewasacceleratedduringthepast30to40years.BeinganimportantpartofglaciologicalstudiesinChina,icecoreclimaticandenvironmentalstudiesonTibetanPlateauandintheAntarcticahaveprovidedabundant,highresolutioninformationaboutpastclimaticandenvironmentalevolutionovertheTibetanPlateauandAntarctica.ExceptfordifferentparametersrecordedinicecoresrelatingtoclimateandenvironmentchangesonTibetanPlateau,recordsfromicecoresextractedfromdifferentglaciersshowthatthediscrepanciesinclimaticandenvironmentalchangesonthenorthandsouthpartsoftheplateaumaybetheconsequenceofdifferentinfluencingeffectsfromterrestrialandsolarsources.GlaciologicalandmeteorologicalphenomenaimplythatLambertGlaciervalleyisanimportantboundaryofclimateintheeastAntarctica,whichisthoughttobeconnectedwithcyclonicactivitiesandCircum-polarWavesovertheAntarctica.
简介:PermafrostinChinaincludeshighlatitudepermafrostinnortheasternChina,alpinepermafrostinnorthwesternChinaandhighplateaupermafrostontheTibetanPlateau.Thehighaltitudepermafrostisabout92%ofthetotalpermafrostareainChina.Thesouthboundaryorlowerlimitoftheseasonallyfrozengroundisdefinedinaccordancewiththe0℃isothermallineofmeanairtemperatureinJanuary,whichisroughlycorrespondingtothelineextendingfromtheQinlingMountainstotheHuaiheRiverintheeastandtothesoutheastboundaryoftheTibetanPlateauinthewest.SeasonalfrozengroundoccursinlargepartsoftheterritoryinnorthernChina,includingNortheast,North,NorthwestChinaandtheTibetanPlateauexceptforpermafrostregions,andaccountingforabout55%ofthelandareaofChina.Thesouthernlimitofshort-termfrozengroundgenerallyswingssouthandnorthalongthe25°northernlatitudeline,occurringinthewetandwarmsubtropicmonsoonclimaticzone.Itsareaislessthan20%ofthelandareaofChina.
简介:生物入侵的生态影响是入侵生态学的一个重要研究领域,但是,目前对于外来植物入侵造成的生态后果评价多集中在对于生态系统地上部分的影响,对于地下生态过程和生物地球化学过程的影响研究则相对较少。利用平衡式孔隙水采样器采集闽江河口鳝鱼滩土著种短叶茳芏(Cyperusmalaccensis)沼泽和入侵种互花米草(Spartinaalterniflora)沼泽高分辨率的原位土壤间隙水样,测定其营养盐含量。结果表明,短叶茳芏沼泽和互花米草沼泽土壤间隙水中营养盐含量都具有明显的季节变化,尤其是夏季与秋季的差异较大。短叶茳芏沼泽土壤间隙水中,PO43-—P含量随着剖面深度的增加而呈上升的趋势最为明显;溶解无机氮以NH4+—N为主,含量范围为35~200μmol/L;NO2-—N和NO3-—N含量总和在3~10μmol/L之间,其中NO3-—N含量占绝对优势。与短叶茳芏沼泽相比,互花米草沼泽间隙水中铵盐比例较高,氮磷比值较低。以上结果表明,互花米草入侵已对闽江河口鳝鱼滩土著种短叶茳芏沼泽土壤间隙水营养盐循环产生了一定的影响。
简介:[1]BiSP,GanN,LuXCetal.,2003.EvaluationofaluminumspeciationinsurfacewatersinChinaanditsenvironmentalriskassessment.Environ.Geol.,45:65-71.[2]ChenJS,1958.LandscapeGeochemistry(ChemicalGeography),Teachingmaterial,DepartmentofGeologyandGeography,PekingUniversity,Beijing.[3]ChenJS,WangFY,LiXDetal.,2000.GeographicalvariationsoftraceelementsinsedimentsofthemajorriversineasternChina.Environ.Geol.,39:1334-1340.[4]ChenJS,WangFY,XiaXHetal.,2002.MajorelementchemistryoftheChangjiang(YangtzeRiver).Chem.Geol.,187(3-4):231-255.[5]ChenJS,HeDW,ZhangNetal.,2004.CharacteristicsofhumaninfluencesonnitrogencontaminationinYellowRiversystem,China.Environ.Mon.Assess.,93(1-3):125-138.[6]ChenJY,TangCY,SakuraYetal.,2002.GroundwaterflowandgeochemistryinthelowerreachesoftheYellowRiver:acasestudyinShandongProvince,China.HydrogeologyJ.,10(5):587-599.[7]ChenZ,HuangGH,ChanCWetal.,2003.Developmentofanexpertsystemfortheremediationofpetroleum-contaminatedsites.Environ.Model.Assess.,8(4):323-334.[8]ChuW,KwanCY,2003.Remediationofcontaminatedsoilbyasolvent/surfactantsystem.Chemosphere,53(1):[9]-159.DongYS,ZhangS,QiYCetal.,2000.FluxesofCO2,N2OandCH4fromatypicaltemperategrasslandinInnerMongoliaanditsdailyvariation.Chin.Sci.Bull.,45(17):1590-1594.[10]FengG,ZhangFS,Li,XLetal.,2002.Uptakeofnitrogenfromindigenoussoilpoolbycottonplantinoculatedwitharbuscularmycorrhizalfungi.Comm.SoilSci.PlantAnal.,33(19-20):3825-3836.[11]FuJM,MaiBX,ShengGYetal.,2003.PersistentorganicpollutantsinenvironmentofthePearlRiverDelta,China:anoverview.Chemosphere,52:1411-1422.[12]GuXY,WangXR,GuZM,2001.Effectsofhumicacidonspeciationandbioavailabilitytowheatofrareearthelementsinsoil.Chem.Spec.Bioavail.,13:83-88.[13]HeMC,WangZJ,TangHX,1998.Theche