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简介：Inthisstudy,weinvestigatetheinfluenceofdopingonthechargetransferanddevicecharacteristicsparametersinthebulkheterojunctionsolarcellsbasedonpoly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)andamethanofuUerenederivative(PCBM).Organicsemiconductorsarealsoknowntobenotpureandtheyhavedefectsandimpurities,someofthemarebeingchargedandactasp-typeorn-typedopants.Calculationsofthesolarcellcharacteristicsparametersversusthep-dopinglevelhavebeendoneatthreedifferentn-dopings(N_d)thatconsistof5×10~(17)cm~(-3),10~(18)cm~(-3),and5×10~(18)cm~(-3).Weperformtheanalysisofthedopingconcentrationthroughthedrift-diffusionmodel,andcalculatethecurrentandvoltagedopingdependency.Wefindthatatthreedifferentn-dopantlevels,optimump-typedopingisaboutN_p=6×10~(18)cm~(-3).Simulationresultshaveshownthatbyincreasingdopinglevel,V_(oc)monotonicallyincreasesbydoping.CellefficiencyreachesitsmaximumatsomewhathigherdopingasFFhasitspeakatN_p=3×10~(18)cm~(-3).Moreover,thispaperdemonstratesthattheoptimumvalueforthep-dopingisaboutN_p=6×10~(18)cm~(-3)andoptimumvalueforn-dopantisN_d=10~(18)cm~(-3),respectively.Thesimulatedresultsconfirmthatdopingconsiderablyaffectstheperformanceoforganicsolarcells.

简介：One-potachievementofethyllevulinatefromcassavawasconductedinethanol-watersystemoverseveralsimplesulfatesaltcatalysts.Al2（SO4）3catalysthadthebestperformanceinsynthesizingethyllevulinatecomparingwiththoseofaseriesofsulfatesalts.Thehighestyieldsofethyllevulinatewasupto39.27%aswellas7.78%levulinateacidwhencassavawascatalyzedinethanolmediumbyadding10wt%water.13Cand1HNMRspectroscopicinvestigationsconfirmedthatisomerizationofglucosetofructoseoverAl2（SO4）3catalystisanimportantstepinproducingethyllevulinateandlevulinateacid.DuetoaggregationsofAl3+underhydrothermalconditions,tinyamountofAl3+weredetectedinfiltrateatthepercentageof0.32%evenifinabsolutewater.BronstedandLewisacidscouldimprovetheyieldofethyllevulinateandlevulinateacidbysynergisticeffect.AllresultssuggestedthatA12（SO4）3wasasimpleandefficientcatalystforethyllevulinateandlevulinateacidproduction.

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简介：Theefficiencyofthepoly（3-hexylthiophene）（P3HT）and[6,6]-phenylC61-butyricacidmethylester(PC61BM)basedorganicsolarcellswasenhancedbyusing1,2,4-trichlorobenzene（TCB）asaprocessingadditivetocontroltheblendmorphology.TheadditionofTCBimprovedthearrangementofP3HTwhichresultedingoodphaseseparatedblendfilms.Correspondingly,theoptimizedsolarcellsshowedapowerconversionefficiency（PCE）of4.17%withafillfactor（FF）of0.69,whichwerehigherthanthoseofcommonthermalannealingdevices（PCE3.84%,FF0.67）.Theefficiencywasfurtherimprovedto4.74%bythermalannealingat150°Cfor10minwithahigherFFof0.74.

简介：TheEarth’ssustainabledevelopmentisthreatenedbytheincreasingatmosphericCO2levelwhichcanbeattributedtotheimbalanceofCO2duetotherapidconsumptionoffossilfuelscausedbyhumanactivitiesandtheslowabsorptionandconversionofCO2bynature.OneoftheefficientmethodsforreconstructingthebalanceofCO2shouldinvolvetherapidconversionofCO2intofuelsandchemicals.ThehydrogenationofCO2withgaseoushydrogeniscurrentlyconsideredtobethemostcommerciallyfeasiblesyntheticroute,however,thesupplyofsafeandeconomicalhydrogensourcesposesasignificantchallengetoup-scalingapplication.Directutilizationofhydrogenfromdissociationofwater,themostabundant,cheapandcleanhydrogenresource,forthereductionofCO2wouldbeoneofthemostpromisingapproachesforCO2utilization.ThispaperprovidesanoverviewofthecurrentadvancesinresearchonhighlyefficientreductionofCO2orNaHCO3,arepresentativecompoundofCO2,intoformicacid/formatebyinsituhydrogenfromwaterdissociationwithametal/metaloxideredoxcycleundermildhydrothermalconditions.

简介：归纳了从钛铁矿中分离铁和二氧化钛的方法,包括亚熔盐法、预氧化法、还原锈蚀法;其次,初步总结了目前国内外制备Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒和TiO2纳米粒子的方法。最后,对Fe3O4/TiO2复合材料的制备方法包括溶胶-凝胶法、微乳液法、均匀沉淀法作了梳理。Fe3O4/TiO2复合纳米材料很好地解决了单独使用TiO2作为废水处理催化剂,在实际应用过程中易随水流失,难以回收利用的问题,具有一定的实用性。

简介：Theeffectofbismuth（Bi）forbothVO2+/VO2+andV3+/V2+redoxcouplesinvanadiumflowbatteries（VFBs）hasbeeninvestigatedbydirectlyintroducingBionthesurfaceofcarbonfelt（CF）.TheresultsshowthatBihasnocatalyticeffectforVO2+/VO2+redoxcouple.Duringthefirstchargeprocess,BiisoxidizedtoBi3+（neverreturnbacktoBimetalinthesubsequentcycles）duetothelowstandardredoxpotentialof0.308V（vs.SHE）forBi3+/BiredoxcouplecomparedwithVO2+/VO2+redoxcoupleandBi3+exhibitno（orneglectable）electro-catalyticactivity.Additionally,therelationshipbetweenBiloadingandelectrochemicalactivityforV3+/V2+redoxcouplewasstudiedindetail.2wt%Bi-modifiedcarbonfelt（2%-BiCF）exhibitsthehighestelectrochemicalactivity.Usingitasnegativeelectrode,ahighenergyefficiency（EE）of79.0%canbeachievedatahighcurrentdensityof160mA/cm2,whichis5.5%higherthanthepristineone.Moreover,theelectrolyteutilizationratioisalsoincreasedbymorethan30%.Eventhecelloperatedat140mA/cm2forover300cycles,theEEcanreach80.9%withoutobviousfluctuationandattenuation,suggestingexcellentcatalyticactivityandelectrochemicalstabilityinVFBs.

简介：通过溶胶-凝胶法、离子束磁控溅射法和化学腐蚀法分别制备了PZT薄膜、PbZr_（0.52）Ti_（0.48）O_3/Ni（PZT/Ni）复合薄膜材料的鼓包样品。采用X射线衍射仪（X-raydiffraction,XRD）表征了PZT/Ni复合薄膜材料的物相结构;利用自主研制的多功能新型鼓包测试平台,在力场、电场、磁场作用下分别测试分析了PZT/Ni复合薄膜材料体系的力电磁耦合性能。结果表明：随着电场强度的增加,PZT薄膜的弹性模量E先增大后减小;PZT/Ni复合薄膜在电场作用下实现了电磁调控,矫顽磁场强度Hc提高了33.4%;随着测试平台油压的增大,PZT薄膜的剩余极化强度和矫顽场分别增加了17.1%和32.1%,PZT/Ni复合薄膜的矫顽磁场强度提高了46.1%。

简介：结合脉冲中子管的结构特征,建立了一套基于Al_2O_3单晶闪烁屏和CCD相机的中子管氘离子束束流截面测量系统。闪烁屏直径为15mm,厚度为0.5mm。为了降低测量本底,CCD相机工作在触发模式。利用有限元分析软件,模拟计算了典型中子管束流参数下的闪烁屏温度,并利用该测量系统获得了中子管氘离子束在靶面处的典型强度分布。结果表明,该测量系统可以准确地反映脉冲离子束束流的横向强度分布特征。

简介：Byusingtheultrasound-assistedliquidphaseexfoliationmethod,Bi2Te3nanosheetsaresynthesizedanddepositedontoaquartzplatetoformakindofsaturableabsorber（SA）,inwhichnonlinearabsorptionpropertiesaround2μmareanalyzedwithahome-mademode-lockedlaser.Withtheas-preparedBi2Te3SAemployed,astablepassivelyQ-switchedall-solid-state2μmlaserissuccessfullyrealized.Q-switchedpulseswithamaximumaverageoutputpowerof2.03Waregeneratedunderanoutputcouplingof5%,correspondingtothemaximumsingle-pulseenergyof18.4μJandpeakpowerof23W.Thedeliveredshortestpulsedurationandmaximumrepetitionrateare620nsand118kHzunderanoutputcouplingof2%,respectively.ItisthefirstpresentationofsuchBi2Te3SAemployedinasolid-stateQ-switchedcrystallinelaserat2μm,tothebestofourknowledge.Incomparisonwithother2Dmaterialssuitableforpulsed2μmlasers,thesaturableabsorptionperformanceofBi2Te3SAisprovedtobepromisingingeneratinghighpowerandhigh-repetition-rate2μmlaserpulses.

简介：Theneworganic-inorganiccompound,[C_6H_7N_2O_2]_3TeCl_5·2Clwassynthesizedanditsstructurewasdeterminedatroomtemperatureinthetriclinicsystem(P~-1)withthefollowingparameters:a=10.5330(11)?,b=10.6663(11)?,c=15.9751(16)?,α=82.090(2)°,β=71.193(2)°,γ=68.284(2)°andZ=2.ThefinalcycleofrefinementledtoR=0.057andRw=0.149.ThecrystalstructurewasstabilizedbyanextensivenetworkofN--H···Clandnon-classicalC--H···Clhydrogenbondsbetweenthecationandtheanionicgroup.Severalthermalanalysistechniquessuchasthermogravimetricanalysis,differentialscanningcalorimetricanalysisandevolvedgasanalysiswereused.Weusedisoconversionalkineticsmethodstodeterminethekineticsparameters.Weobservethatthedecompositionof[C_6H_7N_2O_2]_3TeCl_5·2Clentailstheformationhydrochloricacidofnitroanilineasvolatiles.Theinfraredspectrawererecordedinthe4000–400cm~(-1)frequencyregion.TheRamanspectrawererecordedintheexternalregionoftheanionicsublatticevibration50–1500cm~(-1).TheopticalbandgapwascalculatedfromtheUV-VisabsorbancespectrausingclassicalTaucrelationwhichwasfoundtobe3.12and3.67eV.

简介：在水热条件下,制备了一种基于Keggin型多金属氧酸盐的银配合物[Ag（10）（NCA）4（PW9ⅥW3ⅤO（40））（H2O）4].通过元素分析、红外光谱和X-射线单晶衍射方法确定了该配合物的晶体结构.在合成过程中,3-（2-吡啶羧酸）酰胺-吡嗪配体（L）分解成烟酸NCA.结构分析表明：该化合物属于三斜晶系,P1空间群,晶胞参数a=1.18874（9）nm,b=1.24950nm,c=1.41103（10）nm,α=73.712（2）°,β=66.720（2）°,γ=83.467（2）°,V=1.8479（2）nm3,Z=1,R1=0.0731,ωR2=0.1974.配合物中含有一种六核银亚单元[Ag6（NCA）4]（2＋）,不同亚单元间通过配位水的氧原子连接形成一维双链结构,而一维双链进一步通过Ag—N键连接形成二维层状结构,二维层则通过[PW9ⅥW3ⅤO（40）]（6-）多阴离子形成最终的三维金属有机框架.标题配合物修饰的碳糊电极对H2O2和KNO2还原有好的电催化活性,而且该配合物对降解亚甲基蓝、罗丹明B分子有较高的光催化效率.

简介：我们在Mn50Ni40SnSbx(x=1，2，3，和4)合金。所有准备样品在房间温度与空间组一起展出B2类型结构。Sb的替换增加原子价电子集中并且减少联合起来的房间体积。作为结果，当x增加，magnetostructural转变向更高的温度很快变。在在不同磁场变化下面的磁性的熵的变化在这转变附近被探索。等温的磁化曲线展出典型metamagnetic行为，显示magnetostructural转变能被一个磁场导致。悦耳的martensitic转变和磁性的熵变化建议那Mn50Ni40SnSbx合金是应用在的吸引人的候选人固态制冷。

简介：使用[β-B-BiW9O（33）]（9-）作为基本建筑单元,成功合成了多酸做配体的双核Ce（Ⅳ）配合物（Na6H（10）{Ce（H2O）3（μ2-OH）[Bi2W（21）O（70）（OH）3]}2·40H2O）,通过元素分析、X-射线单晶衍射、XRD、IR和TG表征技术确定了其组成和结构.两核Ce（Ⅳ）离子配合物是通过2个μ2-OH-连接构成的,每个Ce（Ⅳ）离子除了与2个μ2-OH-配位外,还与3个H2O以及[Bi2W（21）O（70）（OH）3]（11-）中4个缺位O原子配位,形成三帽三棱柱.[Bi2W（21）O（70）（OH）3]（11-）多酸阴离子是通过3个W（Ⅵ）连接形成新的多酸阴离子物种,在缺位结构上留有一个空位恰好与Ce（Ⅳ）离子配位.通过对配合物的电化学分析发现,与硝酸铈铵对比,配合物中Ce（Ⅳ/Ⅲ）的阳极峰电势由0.857减小至0.772V,表明多酸阴离子配体有稳定Ce（Ⅳ）的作用.