简介：目的探讨护理干预对老年白内障合并青光眼患者疼痛评分、并发症及护理满意度的影响。方法选取我院2015年4月至2017年4月收治的80例老年白内障合并青光眼患者（80眼）,依据护理方法将这些患者分�

简介：<正>DearSir,IamDr.Sheng-LiMi,fromtheBiomanufacturingengineeringlaboratory,GraduateSchoolatShenzhen,TsinghuaUniversity,Shenzhen,China.Iwritetopresentacasereportofnocardiabrasiliensisinapatientwithdiabetes.Nocardiaispartofagroupofaerobicactinomycetes,widelydistributedinsoil.Nocardiaasteroidsandnocardiabrasiliensisarethemostcommonhumanpathogens.Humansinfectedbynocardiaasteroidsthroughtherespiratorytractmainlysufferfromprimarysuppurativepulmonaryconditions.Infectionofnocardiabrasiliensisoftenoccursintheadvancedstagesofaprogressivediseaseorimmunedisorder,especiallyCushingsyndrome,diabetes,orinpatientsusingcorticosteroids,immunosuppressiveagentsandbroad-spectrumantibioticsforlongtime[1].Toourknowledge,thereportsofnocardiakeratitiswasveryrare

简介：AIM:Todescribethedesignandpreliminaryresultsofthehospitalbasedepidemiologicalstudyfordiabeticretinopathy(HBESDR),anongoingepidemiologicalstudytoestimatetheprevalenceofdiabeticretinopathy(DR)andtoelucidatetheclinical,anthropometric,biochemicalandanyotherriskfactorsassociatedwithdiabeticretinopathy.METHODS:Totally2000diabeteswillberecruitedfromtheDiabeteseyeclinicintheFirstAffiliatedHospitalofChinaMedicalUniversity.AllsubjectsunderwentbloodsugarestimationandOralGlucoseToleranceTesttodiagnosediabetes.Alldiabeteswouldundergocompletequestionnaire,acomprehensiveeyeexamination.Bloodandurinewouldbecollectedforbiochemicalinvestigations.AllfundusphotographsforanyDRwillbegraded.Participantswhoneedtreatmentwillbesenttotheophthalmicclinicandfollow-upintervalprogramforallsubjectswillbesuggested.Acomputerizeddatabaseiscreatedfortherecords.RESULTS:Todate,1174diabeteshavebeenrecruited,therewere350(29.81%)DRinalldiabetes,mostofthemwerewithmildnon-proliferativediabeticretinopathy(NPDR)(139,39.71%);71(20.29%)moderateNPDR,66(18.86%)severeNPDR,74(21.14%)proliferativediabeticretinopathy(PDR).Females,longerdurationofdiabetes,familyhistoryofdiabetesandhypertensionhadastatisticallysignificantincreaseinriskofanyDR.CONCLUSION:ThestudyisexpectedtoprovideanestimateoftheoverallprevalenceofDRandtheprevalencewithdifferentdurationofdiabetesandalsoabetterunderstandingoftheriskfactorsassociatedwithDR.

简介：目的检测糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）患者经曲安奈德治疗后,眼动脉、视网膜中央动脉收缩期血流速峰值（PeakSystolicVelocity;PSV）的变化,探讨曲安奈德对其血流动力学的影响。方法对13例糖尿病视网膜病变患者（13只眼）经玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德治疗前后,应用彩色多普勒超声成像技术对比研究眼动脉及视网膜中央动脉的收缩期血流速峰值（PSV）的变化。所有患者都随访3个月,分别于治疗后1周、1个月、3个月测量眼动脉及视网膜中央动脉的收缩期血流速峰值。结果所有患者都完成了治疗并随访3个月,视网膜中央动脉（CRA）的收缩期血流速峰值（PSV）在治疗前与治疗后1周,无明显差别（P〉0.05）。在治疗前与治疗后1月,3月两时间点上测量,眼动脉（OA）及视网膜中央动脉（CRA）的收缩期血流速峰值（PSV）有显著差异（P〈0.05）。结论曲安奈德（TA）可以通过抑制炎症反应,下调炎症因子,抑制新生血管形成,改善眼动脉和视网膜中央动脉的血管张力,从而改善动脉血流速峰值,对减少糖尿病视网膜病变的发展起到一定作用。

简介：目的：探讨糖尿病视网膜病变（diabeticretinopathy，DR）患者血清中生长停滞特异基因6（growtharrestspecificgene6，Gas6）、基质细胞衍生因子（stromalcell-derivedfactor-1，SDF-1）和SDF-1β表达的变化及临床意义。方法：DR患者113例分为增殖性组（n=45）和非增殖性组（n=68），同期选取未合并DR糖尿病患者作为糖尿病组（49例）和健康者42例，检测血糖、血脂和超敏C-反应蛋白（highlysensitiveC-reactiveprotein，hs-CRP）指标，利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测血清中Gas6、SDF-1α和SDF-1β基因表达。结果：糖尿病组、非增殖性组和增殖性组患者稳态模型的胰岛素抵抗指数（homeostasismodelassessmentforinsulinresistance，HOMA-IR）、甘油三酯（triglycerides，TG）和hs-CRP均逐渐升高，差异均有统计学意义（F=39.672、81.625、99.872，均P〈0.05），增殖性组和非增殖性组患者低密度脂蛋白（low-densitylipoprotein，LDL-C）均高于糖尿病组和健康者，而高密度脂蛋白（highdensitylipoprotein，HDL-C）均低于糖尿病组和健康者，差异均有统计学意义（F=51.974、43.824，均P〈0.05）；增殖性组、非增殖性组和糖尿病组患者血清Gas6mRNA表达量均高于健康者，增殖性组患者血清SDF-1αmRNA表达量均高于非增殖性组、糖尿病组和健康者，增殖性组和非增殖性组患者血清SDF-1βmRNA表达量均高于糖尿病组和健康者，且增殖性组患者高于非增殖组，差异均有统计学意义（F=15.381、21.589、38.942，P〈0.05）；Pearson相关分析显示，DR患者血清Gas6mRNA表达量与TG、总胆固醇（totalcholesterol，TC）和LDL-C呈正相关（r=0.228、0.241、0.209，均P〈0.05），血清SDF-1αmRNA和SDF-1βmRNA表达量均与hs-CRP呈正相关（r=0.297、0.325，P〈0.05）。结论：DR患者血清中Gas6、SDF-1α和SDF-1β基因表达水平升高，可能与患者血脂代谢异常及炎性反应有关。

简介：目的：探讨非诺贝特联合23G微创玻璃体切割手术在糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）治疗中的临床应用价值。方法：选取2015-10/2017-11在我院接受治疗的DR患者102例102眼为研究对象，按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组，每组51例51眼，两组患者均行23G微创玻璃体切割术，术后第1d起，对照组给予常规降糖、降压及改善微循环治疗，观察组在对照组的治疗基础上联合非诺贝特治疗，均连续治疗3mo。对比两组患者术中及术后基本情况（手术用时、术中出血量、围手术期并发症发生率、住院时间）、术前和术后3mo血脂／[总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）／]及血清相关因子／〖脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2（Lp-PLA2）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）／〗水平，随访至术后6mo，比较两组患者视网膜病变复发率。结果：两组患者手术用时、术中出血量、围手术期并发症发生率及住院时间比较，差异均统计学意义（P〉0.05）。术前两组患者TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C水平比较，差异均统计学意义（P〉0.05）；术后3mo观察组患者TC、TG、LDL-C水平均低于对照组，HDL-C水平高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。术前两组患者血清Lp-PLA2、VEGF水平比较，差异均统计学意义（P〉0.05）；术后3mo观察组患者血清Lp-PLA2、VEGF水平均低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。术前两组患者视功能生存质量问卷活动受限、感觉适应、心理、社交各项评分及总分比较，差异均统计学意义（P〉0.05）；术后3mo观察组患者视功能生存质量问卷各项评分及总分均低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。术后随访6mo，观察组复发，对照组复发率为5.9%（3/51），组间比较差异统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：非诺贝特联合23G微创玻璃�

简介：目的：建立链脲佐菌素（streptozotocin,STZ）诱导的小鼠增殖性糖尿病视网膜病（proliferativediabeticretinopathy,PDR）动物模型,并观察在增殖性糖尿病视网膜病发生、发展过程中血管内皮生长因子（vascularendothelialgrowthfactor,VEGF）及其受体（VEGFR1,VEGFR2）,金属基质蛋白酶（matrixmetalloproteinase,MMP）2,MMP9表达的变化。方法：C57BL/6J小鼠连续5d腹腔注射STZ（55mg/kg）。末次注射后7d检测血糖浓度。糖尿病诱导成功的小鼠和正常小鼠继续饲养3~5mo。实验结束后进行视网膜病理组织观察,并利用CD31免疫荧光染色检测视网膜血管的分布情况。采用实时定量荧光PCR分析检测VEGF,VEGFR1,VEGFR2,MMP2,MMP9的基因表达。结果：视网膜组织病理观察和CD31免疫荧光染色实验结果均表明5月龄的糖尿病小鼠视网膜组织中血管数目明显比同月龄正常小鼠多。同时,与同月龄正常小鼠相比,5月龄糖尿病小鼠视网膜组织中VEGF,VEGFR1,VEGFR2,MMP2,MMP9的基因表达也明显增加。结论：本研究表明STZ诱导的糖尿病小鼠在5月龄时发生了增殖性糖尿病视网膜病的病变,期间视网膜组织中VEGF,VEGFR1,VEGFR2,MMP2,MMP9的基因表达都明显增加。

简介：目的报告小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗青光眼合并白内障的患眼术后效果.方法收集青光眼合并白内障19例,行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘出人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术,观察术后眼压、视力、滤过泡和并发症.结果术后眼压在14～18mmHg之间,平均为（15.26±1.20）mmHg,与术前眼压有显著性差异（P＜0.05）;术后视力较术前均有不同程度提高,术后视力＜0.05者6眼,0.05～0.3者8眼,＞0.3者5眼;术后滤过泡Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型17眼（89.47％）,为功能型滤过泡,2眼（10.53％）滤过泡不明显;未见严重并发症.结论小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗青光眼合并白内障是一种安全有效的方法.

简介：目的探讨微创玻璃体切割联合白内障超声乳化术治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变（PDR）的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析PDR患者16例（16只眼）均行微创玻璃体切割联合白内障超声乳化术，术中行全视网膜光凝。其中3只眼行硅油填充，6只眼行气体（C3F8）填充，术后3—6个月行硅油取出术，术后随访6个月。结果16只眼随访12个月，视网膜复位良好，12只眼矫正视力显著提高，4只眼因视神经萎缩视力无提高，3只眼后囊增生明显。结论微创玻璃体切割联合白内障超声乳化术是治疗PDR有效的方法，具有良好的临床前景。

简介：目的：探讨糖尿病患者黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度（SFCT）与脉络膜血流动力学指数及糖化血红蛋白之间的关系。方法：选择在我院眼科及内分泌科住院治疗的2型糖尿病患者78例156眼作为研究对象。其中男39例,女39例,平均（59.8±6.2）岁。根据ETDRS糖尿病视网膜病变分级方法,将患者分为无视网膜病变组、轻中度NPDR组、重度NPDR组、PDR组。采用EDI-OCT与超声多普勒对四组患者进行脉络膜厚度测量与脉络膜血流动力学指数测量。并记录所有患者的血糖化血红蛋白含量。采用多元线性回归分析SFCT与血流动力学指数与糖化血红蛋白的相关性。结果：NDR患者组舒张末期血流速度（EDV）明显高于其它患者组,SFCT较其它各组偏薄,差异有统计学意义。四组患者收缩期峰值血流速度（PSV）无统计学差异;重度NPDR组血管阻力指数（RI）高于NDR组及轻中度NPDR组;PDR组RI进一步增高,差异有统计学意义。SFCT与糖化血红蛋白有显著正相关性（b=0.540,P〈0.001）;SFCT与DR分级（P=0.341）、PSV（P=0.770）、EDV（P=0.131）及RI（P=0.084）无显著相关性。结论：糖尿病患者SFCT与血流动力学各指数无相关性。糖化血红蛋白是糖尿病患者SFCT的影响因素之一。

简介：糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）是作为一种常见的糖尿病并发症，对其发病机制的研究一直是关注的焦点。经典的糖尿病视网膜病变的发病机制假说集中与多元醇通路的异常、蛋白质非酶糖基化产物的堆积、蛋白激酶C及氨基己糖途径有关。聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶（PARP）作为统一机制中的一个关键分子，与DR发病机制及其防治密不可分，对其进行适当干预，可成为DR治疗的重要方法之一。

简介：目的探讨玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗辅助23G玻璃体切割治疗增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变的优质护理。方法通过对28例28眼采用玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗辅助玻璃体切割治疗糖尿病患者并发视网膜增殖期病变存在的主要护理问题，针对患者治疗各阶段，责任护士提供全程、连续、系统的优质护理服务，加强护患沟通，提高护理质量，缩短手术时间，减少并发症的发生。结果24眼一次性手术复位成功（85．7％）术后三个月取出硅油，其中有4例伴有晶状体混浊的同时行晶状体超声乳化联合人工晶体植入术；4例硅油填充下仍然存在下方局限性视网膜增殖，术后三个月取出硅油再次切割增殖膜然后注入C3F8气体填充，随访至气体完全吸收，视网膜复位。结论对玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗辅助23G玻璃体切割治疗增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变的患者提供优质护理，可缩短手术时间，减少并发症的发生，提高病人及家属的满意度，提升患者的康复效果，是手术取得成功的关键因素。

简介：目的:通过测定糖尿病性白内障患者血清中糖代谢指标、胰岛素抵抗与房水和血清中炎症因子的水平,探讨其相关性。方法:随机选取我院2017-02/2018-01糖尿病性白内障患者69例(观察组)和白内障患者65例(对照组),检测两组患者血清中糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)的水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);同时检测房水和血清中的胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量,对HbA1c、HOMA-IR与房水和血清中IGF-1、IL-6含量进行相关性分析。结果:对照组血清中的FPG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR,以及房水和血清中IGF-1、IL-6含量显著低于观察组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。HbA1c与房水及血清中的IGF-1和IL-6均呈正相关(P<0.05)。HOMA-IR与房水及血清中的IGF-1和IL-6均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:糖尿病性白内障患者HbA1c、HOMA-IR与房水及血清中的IGF-1、IL-6含量具有相关性,通过对上述指标的测定可以辅助判断病情。

简介：AIM:Toassesstheawarenessofeyecomplicationsandtheprevalenceofretinopathy,inthefirstvisittoeyeclinic,amongtype2diabeticpatientsattendingatertiarymedicalcentreinKualaLumpur,Malaysia.METHODS:Aninvestigator-administeredquestionnairewasgivento137patientswithdiabetesundergoingfirsttimeeyescreeningintheeyeclinic.Thiswasfollowedbyadetailedfundusexaminationbyaseniorophthalmologisttoassessforpresenceofretinopathy.RESULTS:Almost86%ofrespondentswereawareofdiabeticeyecomplications,especiallyinpatientswhohadachievedtertiaryeducationallevel(96.3%).Themajorityofthepatients(78.8%)werereferredbytheirphysiciansandonly20.4%cameontheirowninitiative.Manyofthepatients(43.8%)didnotknowhowfrequenttheyshouldgoforaneyecheck-upand72.3%didnotknowwhattreatmentswereavailable.Lackofunderstandingondiabeticeyediseases(68.6%)wasthemainbarrierformostpatientsfornotcomingforeyescreeningearlier.Despiteahighlevelofawareness,only21.9%hadrecordedHbA1clevelof<6.5%while31.4%wereundertheerroneousassumptionofhavingagoodbloodsugarcontrol.Atotalof29.2%haddiabeticretinopathyintheirfirstvisiteyetesting.CONCLUSION:Inthepresentstudy,29.2%oftype2diabeticpatientshadretinopathyintheirfirsttimeeyetesting.Althoughtheawarenessofdiabeticeyecomplicationswashighamongfirsttimeeyescreeningpatients,theappropriateeyecare-seekingbehaviorwascomparativelylessandshouldberectifiedtopreventtheriseofthissightthreateningeyedisease.

简介：AIM:Tofindouttheoutcomeoflaserphotocoagulationinclinicallysignificantmacularedema(CSME)byopticalcoherencetomography(OCT).·METHODS:Itwasaprospective,non-controlled,caseseriesstudyenrolling81eyesof64patientswithCSMEbetweenAugust2008andJanuary2010.AllpatientsreceivedmodifiedgridphotocoagulationwithfrequencydoubledNd:YAGlaser.Eachpatientwasevaluatedintermsofbest-correctedvisualacuity(BCVA)andregressionorprogressionofmaculopathyafterlasertherapyat1,3and6months.Spearman’scorrelationtestwasusedtoshowthecorrelationbetweenBCVAandtotalmacularvolume(TMV).Analysisofvariance(ANOVA)wasusedtocompareamonggroupsandindependentt-testwasusedtocompareineachgroup.·RESULTS:ThereishighcorrelationbetweenBCVAandTMV(P≤0.001).BCVAimprovedin50.6%,remainedstaticin39.5%anddeterioratedin9.9%patientsafter6monthoftreatment.TheBaselineTMV(meanandSD)were9.26±1.83,10.4±2.38,11.5±3.05,8.89±0.75and9.47±1.98mm3fordifferentOCTpatterns,ST(spongelikethickening),CMO(cystoidmacularedema),SFD(subfovealdetachment),VMIA(Vitreomacularinterfaceabnormality)andaverageTMVrespectively(P=0.04).After6monthsoflasertreatment,themeanTMVdecreasedfrom9.47±1.98mm3to8.77±1.31mm3(P=0.01).InSTtherewassignificantdecreaseinTMV,P=0.01,Furtherwithinthesegroupsat6months,theyweresignificantlydifferent,P=0.01.·CONCLUSION:OCTshowedthedifferentmorphologicalvariantofCSMEwhiletheresponseoftreatmentisdifferent.TMVdecreasedthemostandhenceshowedtheimprovementinvisionafter6monthsoflasertreatment.IntheeraofAntivascularendothelialgrowthfactors(VEGFs),efficacyoflaserseemstobeinshadowbutitisstillfirstlineoftreatmentindevelopingnationlikeNepalwhereantiVEGFsmaynotbeeasilyavailableandaffordable.

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatethelevelsofserumsolubleintercellularadhesionmolecules-1(sICAM-1)andneutrophilicexpressionofCD18inpatientswithvariousstagesofdiabeticretinopathyandtodeterminetheirdifferentexpressionpatterninthedevelopmentofdiabeticretinopathy(DR).·METHODS:LevelsofserumsICAM-1andCD18onthesurfaceofneutrophileweremeasuredin41DRpatients,theywereclassifiedinthreesubgroupsaccordingtothestageofretinopathyasdeterminedbyfund’sophthalmoscopy;10controlsubjectswerealsostudied.sICAM-1weremeasuredbyenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassayandCD18byflowcytometry.·RESULTS:TheneutrophilicCD18expressionandserumsICAM-1levelwereallsignificantlyelevatedinalldiabeticsubgroupscomparedtocontrolsubjects(P<0.01).ThedifferencesofCD18andsICAM-1amongthediabeticsubgroupsweresignificantinCD18butnotinsICAM-1.TheprogressionofretinopathywasassociatedwithanincreasebothinCD18andinsICAM-1levelsbysimplecorrelationanalysis(β=0.74,P<0.001;β=0.38,P<0.01,respectively).ButstepwisemultipleregressionanalysisrevealedthatonlyCD18wasindependentdeterminantofretinopathy(β=1.04,P<0.01).·CONCLUSION:OurresultsconfirmthecontributionofendothelialandneutrophilicactivationinthedevelopmentofDRasindicatedbyincreasedlevelsofCD18andsICAM-1.However,adirectimplicationofCD18andICAM-1intheprogressionofDRcanbesupportedonlyintheCD18butnotICAM-1.CD18andICAM-1mayplaydifferentroleinthedevelopmentofdiabeticretinopathy.

简介：AIM:Topresenttheoutcomeofmodifiedgridlaserphotocoagulation(GLP)indiffusediabeticmacularedema(DDME)ineyeswithoutextrafovealand/orvitreofovealtraction.METHODS:InclusioncriteriafortheretrospectivestudywereDDMEeyesofpatientswithtypeⅡdiabetesmellitusthathad≥4monthsoffollow-upfollowingGLP.Onlyoneeyeperpatientwasanalyzed.Using3-Dspectral-domainopticalcoherencetomography(3-DSDOCT),eyesthathadeitherextrafovealorvitreofovealtraction,orhadbeenpreviouslytreatedbyanintravitrealmedication(s)wereexcluded.TreatedDDMEeyesweredividedinto4groups:A)'Classic'DDMEthatinvolvedthecentralmacula;B)edemadidnotinvolvethemacularcenter;C)eyesassociatedwithcentralepiretinalmembrane(ERM);D)DDMEthatwasassociatedwithmacularcapillarydropout≥2disc-diameter(DD).RESULTS:GLPoutcomein35DDMEeyesafter4-24(mean,13.1±6.9)monthswasasfollows:GroupA)18eyeswith'classic'DDME.Followingoneor2(mean,1.2)GLPtreatments,best-correctedvisualacuity(BCVA)improvedby1-2Snellenlinesin44.4%(8/18)ofeyes,andworsenedby1linein11.1%(2/18).Centralmacularthickness(CMT)improvedby7%-49%(mean,26.6%)in77.8%(14/18)ofeyes.CausesofCMTworsening(n=4)werecommonlyexplainable,predominantly(n=3)associatedwithemergenceofextrafovealtraction,5-9monthspost-GLP.GroupB)GLP(s)inDDMEthatdidnotinvolvethemacularcenter(n=6)resultedinimprovedBCVAby1-2linesin2eyes.However,thecentralmaculabecameinvolvedintheedemaprocessaftertheGLPin3(50%)eyes,associatedwithanemergenceofextrafovealtractioninoneoftheseeyes4monthsfollowingtheGLP.GroupC)GLPfailedinall5eyesassociatedwithcentralERM.GroupD)GLPwasofpartialbenefitin2of6treatedeyeswithmacularcapillarydropout≥2DD.CONCLUSION:EyeswithDDMEthatinvolvedthemacularcenterwerefoundtoachievefavourableoutcomesafterGLP(s)duringmid-termfollow-up,unlesscomplicatedpre-GLPorpost-GLPbyvltreoretinalinterfaceabnormalities,oftenextrafovealtra