简介:Anovelmethodfordesigningabeam-switchingantennawiththeplanedipoleispresented.Theantennaiscomposedofdoubledipolesplacedatthecenterofanactivesquarestructurethatisdividedinfourequalsectorsbymetallicsheets.Metallicpatchesattheoutsideofthestructureareusedtoenhancetheradiationperformanceoftheantenna.Ineachstep,thediodesinonesectorareon,whereasotherdiodesareoff.Thesectorwithoff-statediodesdefinesthedirectionoftheradiationpattern.AnantennamodelisdesignedonthesubstrateofFR4.Theproposedantennaoperatesfrom4.8GHzto5.5GHzwithgainof6.3dBiandF/B(fronttobackratio)of13.2dBiwhentheoperatingfrequencyis5.2GHz.Theantennaradiationpatterncanbesweptintheentireazimuthplaneinfourstepswitha3dBbeamwidthof90.Theresultsrevealthattheantennacouldbeusedinthebasestationofthewirelesscommunicationsystems.
简介:ThemethodtopumptheFBGwrittenintoanEr3+-dopedopticalfiberisproposedtoincreasethegroupvelocityofaprobingpulsebasedonthefactsthatpump-inducedprocesschangestherefractiveindexanddispersionassociatedwiththe4I15/2-4I13/2transitioninEr3+-dopedopticalfiber.Thesystemequationsarederived.Theeffectsofpumppoweranddopingconcentrationonthegroupvelocityarediscussed.