简介：Researchsamplesweretakenfromanancientgravelstratumwhichisnotonlyarepresentativesoillayeralongthemiddle-lowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiverinEastChina,butalsooneoftheprimaryNeozoicstratainNanjingdistrict.Locatedmostlyonthesecondandthirdterraces,theancientgravelstrataformedthegeomorphiclandscapesofterraceandstep.Theywerecomplexinconstitution,variedwidelyinstability,ofmultiplesources,locallyderived,andassociatedwithbraidedstreamsinthedepositionenvironment.ACIPW(Cross,Iddings,PirssonandWashington)methodmodifiedbytheauthorwasusedtoanalyzethesoi-rock-formingmaterialsoffinergrains(lessthan2mminsize)oftheancientgravelstratum.Resultsoftheanalysisshowedthatthesandygrainswerecomposedofapatite,ilmenite,potassiumfeldspar,plagioclase,enstatiteandfreequartz,theclaymainlyofkaolinite,andthecementofacombinationofsilicon,aluminumandironataratioof46:44:10.Inthesoil-rock-formingprocesses,includingcompactionalsolidification,water-stableilluviation-cementation,homogeneousovergrowthandsoon,theloosesoil-rock-formingcomponentsgraduallychangedintoconsolidatedsoilandfurthertotheearlystageoflithification.Meanwhile,fromtheanalysis,wefoundthattheancientgravelstratumhadbeenprotectedbytheoverlyingXiashuloessorbasaltandtheoverloadingresultedinoverconsolidatedstrata.ThemodifiedCIPWmethodwasapplicableandeffectiveforsemi-quantitativeanalysis.

简介：narG基因经常为细菌的减少硝酸盐的社区分析被用作一个分子的标记。在这研究，指向narG基因的教材的一个新集合被设计并且把使中毒反应的坡度胶化电气泳动(PCR-DGGE)试金用于嵌套半的聚合酶链。新教材的潜力在直接从在中央、南部的意大利散布的五个不同试验性的地点从土壤提取的DNA上被验证。教材的特性被切除决定，扩大，并且乐队定序由DGGE解决了。种系发生的分析显示出在从学习的土壤检索的序列和narG序列之间的关联从并且-Proteobacteria。这些教材扩展了存在为在土壤的减少硝酸盐的细菌的社区的尺寸和差异上的生态的学习的分子的工具。