简介:AsshaleexploitationisstillinitsinfancyoutsideNorthAmericamuchresearcheffortisbeingchannelledintovariousaspectsofgeochemicalcharacterizationofshalestoidentifythemostprospectivebasins,formationsandmaptheirpetroleumgenerationcapabilitiesacrosslocal,regionalandbasin-widescales.Themeasurementoftotalorganiccarbon,distinguishingandcategorizingthekerogentypesintermsoil-proneversusgas-prone,andusingvitrinitereflectanceandRock-Evaldatatoestimatethermalmaturityarestandardpracticeintheindustryandappliedtosamplesfrommostwellboresdrilled.Itisthetrendsofstableisotopesratios,particularlythoseofcarbon,thewetnessratio(C1/∑(C2+C3)),andcertainchemicalbiomarkersthathaveprovedtobemostinformativeaboutthestatusofshalesasapetroleumsystem.Thesedatamakeitpossibletoidentifyproduction'sweet-spots',discriminateoil-,gas-liquid-andgas-proneshalesfromkerogencompositionsandthermalmaturities.Rolloversandreversalsofethaneandpropanecarbonisotoperatiosareparticularlyindicativeofhighthermalmaturityexposureofanorganic-richshale.Comparisonsofhopane,streraneandterpanebiomarkerswithvitrinitereflectance(Ro)measurementsofthermalmaturityhighlightdiscrepanciessuggestingthatRoisnotalwaysareliableindicatorofthermalmaturity.Majorandtraceelementinorganicgeochemistrydataandratiosprovidesusefulinformationregardingprovenance,paleoenvironments,andstratigraphic-layerdiscrimination.Thisreviewconsidersthedatameasurement,analysisandinterpretationoftechniquesassociatedwithkerogentyping,thermalmaturity,stableandnon-stableisotopicratiosforrocksandgasesderivedfromthem,productionsweet-spotidentification,geochemicalbiomarkersandinorganicchemicalindicators.Italsohighlightsuncertaintiesanddiscrepanciesobservedintheirpracticalapplication,andthenumerousoutstandingquestionsassociatedwiththem.
简介:暴露得好的Lijiatuo节被选择探索州的、主要生产率和海水硫酸盐在寒武纪的系列1-2期间铺平的海洋的氧化还原作用的时间的进化和控制,华南。这节由Xiaoyanxi形成(Fm)mudstones和LiuchapoFm组成。在斜坡和盆环境扔了的燧石。五个oxic缺氧的周期基于V/Sc,Th/U和瞬间,U,V,Ni和Cu的丰富因素被识别。中间上面的LiuchapoFm。并且中间的XiaoyanxiFm。在oxic-suboxic条件下面被扔,并且阶层的其余部分在缺氧的条件下面。Re/Mo比率证明oxic-suboxic在中间的XiaoyanxiFm调节。被短暂sulfidic条件伴随,并且节的其余部分是underanoxic和non-sulfidic条件。所有TOC和Ba,Ni,Cu,Zn和Cd的丰富因素表明了那在LiuchapoFm下沉和有机物(OM)的埋葬流动。在overlyingXiaoyanxiFm是比那低的。在XiaoyanxiFm的最高的下沉和OM的埋葬流动。出现在它的更低的部分;然而,在XiaoyanxiFm的最低下沉和OM的埋葬流动。出现在它的中间的部分。TOC/TS,TS和34间谍证明海水被低海洋的硫酸盐层次统治,它当免费H2S。大气的氧内容的上升可以是为联系、短暂suboxic-oxic并且将近的主要司机在中间的XiaoyanxiFm的sulfidic环境。
简介:Anovelautomaticseamlessstitchingmethodispresented.Comparedtothetraditionalmethod,itcanspeedtheprocessingandminimizetheutilizationofhumanresourcestoproducegloballunarmap.Meanwhile,anewglobalimagemapoftheMoonwithspatialresolutionof~120mhasbeencompletedbytheproposedmethodfromChang’E-1CCDimagedata.
简介:在这研究,在Tang-eKushk和Sarvestan区域stratigraphic节的东方的Tarbur形成的465m被学习,185薄节被提供并且分析。基于岩石层位学的研究,在这二stratigraphic节的Tarbur形成被划分成上面、更低的部分。更低的部分包括是的中等床的rudist石灰石与Gastropoda由铁小瘤组成。上面的部分用轻灰巨大的organodetrital石灰石做的。两个都学习的节的识别有孔虫目动物由组成:Orbitoides媒介,Orbitoidestriangularis,Orbitoidestissoti,Orbitoidesorientalis,Orbitoidesapiculata,Antalynakorayi,Rotaliaskourensis,Dicyclinaschlumbergeri,Nezzazatinellasp,Omphalocyclusmacroporus,Trochospirasp,铁陨石calcitrapoides,Broeckinellasp,Lepidorbitoidessocialis,Gavelinellapertusa,被检测,并且也,它有Salpingoporelladinarica的Dasycladacea,Salpingoporellaturgida,Salpingoporellasp...根据诊断有孔虫类,Tarb的年龄决心
简介:In1997,IGCPProjectNo.410wasestablishedtoappraiseknownrecordsofOrdovicianbiotas,inordertoevaluateoneofthegreatest-everdiversificationsoflifeonEarth,between489and443millionyearsago.Datacollectionandanalysisofbiodiversitywerecoordinatedthroughsevenregionalteams,andaglobal“clade”team.