简介:Directconversionoffructose-basedcarbohydratesto5-ethoxymethylfurfural(EMF)catalyzedbyLewisacidinethanolwasinvestigated.ItwasfoundthatBF3(Et)2Owasfavorablefor5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)etherificationtoEMF.BF3(Et)2OcombinationwithAlCl36H2Owiththemolarratioof1wasaneffectivecatalystsystemforsynthesisofEMFfromfructose-basedcarbohydrates.55.0%,45.4%and23.9%ofEMFyieldswereobtainedfromfructose,inulinandsucroseunderoptimizedconditions,respectively.
简介:InthispaperweusedMOF-5andCu3(BTC)2toseparateCO2/CH4andCH4/N2mixturesunderdynamicconditions.Bothmaterialsweresynthesizedandpelletized,thusallowingforameaningfulcharacterizationinviewofprocessscale-up.ThematerialswerecharacterizedbyX-raydiffraction(XRD)andscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM).Byperformingbreakthroughexperiments,wefoundthatCu3(BTC)2separatedCO2/CH4slightlybetterthanMOF-5.BecausethecrystalstructureofCu3(BTC)2includesunsaturatedaccessiblemetalsitesformedviadehydration,itpredominantlyinteractedwithCO2moleculesandmoreeasilycapturedthem.Conversely,MOF-5withasuitableporesizeseparatedCH4/N2moreefficientlyinourbreakthroughtest.
简介:研究目的:本文通过研究泥水在地层中的劈裂和伸展现象,给出一种地层劈裂抗力的测定方法,从而为泥水盾构掘进过程中泥水压力设定提供参考,防止盾构掘进过程中泥水喷发现象的发生。创新要点:1.给出了地层劈裂抗力的测定方法,并通过现场试验和理论分析得出该方法是可靠的;2.建立了考虑泥水粘性和比重的地层劈裂伸展模型,该模型对现场试验结果有较好的预测;3.结合地层劈裂抗力和泥水劈裂伸展特性给出了盾构掘进过程中泥水压力的设定上限。研究方法:基于现场泥水劈裂试验,通过试验结果分析和理论分析,建立了劈裂压力和劈裂伸展压力的计算模型。通过泥水和地层参数对计算模型的影响分析,给出泥水盾构掘进过程中泥水配比和压力设定选择建议。重要结论:1.本文描述的现场泥水劈裂仪可以用于地层劈裂抗力的测定;2.使用总应力法的劈裂模型能够很好的预测地层的初始劈裂压力;3.考虑泥水粘性和比重的地层劈裂伸展模型对现场试验结果有较好的预测;4.在劈裂伸展的过程中,具有更大比重和粘性的泥水有利于阻止劈裂的进一步伸展,但是对初始劈裂压力的影响不大。5.在实际盾构掘进过程中,泥水劈裂发生后很难阻止其伸展。因此,防止泥水喷发的关键措施在于设定泥水压力上限防止泥水劈裂。
简介:研究目的:研究新型磁性回热填料Gd2O2S对液氦温区高频脉管制冷机多级回热器损失特性的影响。创新要点:确定了不同回热填料以及运行参数(频率、平均压力)下液氦温区多级脉管制冷机的制冷温度和各级预冷量,进一步明确了4K高频回热损失机理。研究方法:采用理论研究与实验验证相结合的方法,基于一台两级G-M型低频脉管制冷机预冷的单极斯特林型高频脉管制冷机,研究多级回热器在高频以及4K温区下的损失特性。选取新型回热填料Gd2O2S替代部分回热填料HoCu2,比较回热器采用两种填料时在不吲运行频率及平均压力下的冷端制冷温度(图10)、各级预冷量和预冷温度(图1112)。重要结论:采用孔隙率较小的新型磁性回热填料Gd2O2S可显著改善第一级回热器内压力波与质量流的相位关系,从而减小该级回热损失。减小平均压力可以降低制冷机无负荷制冷温度并减小第二级预冷量,但制冷工质氦的体积比热容会急剧增大,从而使低温级回热器的换热对频率非常敏感。此外,频率对高温级回热器的回热特性影响不明显。该方法可以为三级斯特林型4K多级脉管制冷机提供设计依据。
简介:Thereisagrowingsupportforthelowlyingscalarmesonsf0(500),f0(980),a0(980),and(800)tobegenerateddynamicallyfromtheinteractionofpseudoscalarmesons,whilethecaseofthenextsetofscalarresonancesathigherenergies,f0(1370),f0(1710),K0(1430)ismoreaquestionofdebate.Soisthecaseofthetensorresonancesf2(1270),f′2(1525),K2(1430).AnewperspectiveonthesestateshasbeenofferedinRef.[1]wherethef0(1370)andf2(1270)resonancesareshowntobegeneratedfromtheinteractionprovidedbythelocalhiddengaugeLagrangiansimplementingunitarization.Itisshownthattheideaofthenatureofthesestatesasvectormeson-vectormesoncompositestateshasbeentestedinmanyreactions.Yet,thepermanentdiscussionoftheissuedemandsextrachecksforotherobservablesand,inthissense,theweakdecaysbringanewsourceofvaluableinformationthatshouldservetotestdifferentmodels.
简介:ThephysicalmodeldescribingtheYin-Yangbalanceinthetai-chidiagramviathemeltingandfreezingprocessesinarotatingdevicepresentedinparts1and2isfurtherdevelopedforthecontemporarytai-chidiagramandintheyuan-chidiagram.Thecontemporarytai-chidiagramshowninFig.1isasimplificationformoftheancienttai-chidiagrampresentedinReference[2].Therearetwosemi-circlesformingtheinterfacecurvebetweentheyinandyanginthecontemporarytai-chidiagram.Byknowingthelocationoftheinterfacebetweentheyinandyanginthecontemporarytai-chidiagram,therequirementforthesimulationmodelistofindtheconditiontomatchtheinterfacelocation.Thesimplificationchangesnotonlythestructurebutalsothephysicalinsightoftheancienttai-chidiagram,whichwillbedescribedinthepresentstudy.Theyuan-chidiagramshowninFig.2isthecombinationoftheMasterChen’stai-chidiagrampresentedinReferences[1,2]andthecontemporarytai-chidiagram.Th