简介:Anopen-topchamberexperimentwasconductedattheUniversityofMichiganBiologicalStationnearPellston,Michigan,USA,tostudytheeffectsofsoilfertilityandCO2onleaf,stemandrootdarkrespiration(Rd)ofPopulustremuloides.Overall,area-baseddaytimeleafRd(Rda)wassignificantlygreateratelevatedthanatambientCO2inhigh-fertilitysoil,butnotinlow-fertilitysoil.Mass-basedleafRd(Rdm)wasoverallgreaterforhigh-thanforlow-fertilitysoilgrowntreesatelevated,butnotatambientCO2.NighttimeleafRdaandRdmwereunaffectedbysoilfertilityorCO2,norwasstemRda,whichrangedfrom1.0to1.4μmolm-2s-1inthespringand3.5to4.5μmolm-2s-1inthesummer.RootRdawassignificantlyhigherinhigh-thaninlow-fertilitysoil,butwasunaffectedbyCO2.SincebiomassproductionofP.tremuloideswillbesignificantlygreateratelevatedCO2whilespecificRdwilleitherincreaseorremainunchanged,wepredictthatcarbonlosstotheatmospherethroughrespirationfromthisecologicallyimportantspecieswouldincreaseathigherCO2.SoilfertilitywouldalsointeractwithelevatedCO2inaffectingthecarbonflowintheplant-soil-airsystem.
简介:Thetransgenicrice,Zhongda2,whichwasgeneticallymodifiedfromanindicaricelineZhuxianBbyricechitinasegene(RC24),hadhighresistancetoricesheathblight(Rhizoctoniasolam)inlaboratoryandatwo-yearfieldexperiment.ThepathogencouldinvadesheathofZhongda2andinducesymptomsofthedisease.NodifferencewasnotedintimeofpenetrationorincubationperiodbetweenZhongda2andnon-transgenicricecontrol,ZhuxianB,butthehyphaelysatecouldbeobservedeadierthancontrol.Itsresistanceexpressedastoinhibitthegrowthofmyceliuminhosttissue.F1sfromZhongda2(♂)crossedwithotherfivenon-transgenicricelinesshowedhigherresistancethandonornon-transgenicparents,buttheresistancewasdifferentalongwiththedifferentmaternalparents.
简介:PotexperimentswerecarriedouttoestimateN2fixationbyvetch,milkvetch,sicklealfalfaandbroadbeaninpurestandusinga^15N-labelledsoil.Winterwheatwasusedasthenon-fixingcontrol.The15N-labelledsoilusedwaspreparedbygrowingcorn-wheat-cornsuccessivelyonanearlyorganic-matter-freeXiashuloesssupplementedwithadequateamountsof(15NH4)2SO4,P,Kandmicronutrients,thenincorporatingthese15N-labelledplantmaterialsintothesoilaftereachhavest,andallowingtheplantmaterialstobedecomposedaerobicallyfor410dafterincorporationoftheplantmaterialofthethirecrop.The15Nenrichmentofwheatplant-Nvariedslightlywithorgans,withamaximumdifferenceof9.8%,Basedon15NenrichmentofsoilNinferredfromthemeanvalueofthe15Nenrichmentindifferentorgansofwheat79%-91%oftotalNinthetopsand67%-74%oftotalNintherootsoflegumesstudiedwerederivedfromatmosphere.EstimatebyisotopedilutionmethodwasingoodagreementwiththatbytheconventionaldifferencemethodprovidedvaluesobtainedbythelatterwerecorrectedforseedN,andalsowiththatfromthemeasurementofNaccumulatedinthetopsofthelegumes.
简介:采用封闭罩-气相色谱法观测研究了干旱胁迫对长白山阔叶红松林的几种优势树种-红松(Pinuskoraiensis)、水曲柳(Fraxinusmandshurica)、胡桃楸(Juglansmandshurica)、椴树(Tiliaamurensis)和蒙古栎(Quercusmongolica)叶片N2O排放,并同步测定5种树木叶片净光合速率、呼吸速率和气孔导度.结果表明:土壤水分胁迫明显降低树木叶片气孔导度、净光合速率和N2O排放速率,叶片气孔是树木N2O排放的主要通道.树木N2O排放以白天为主,在相同的水分条件下,不同的苗木有不同的N2O排放速率,同种苗木的N2O排放随干旱胁迫的加重而减少,在受到不同干旱胁迫时,针叶树红松N2O的排放速率降至正常水分条件下的34.43%和100.6%、阔叶树种N2O排放平均降至31.93%和86.35%.不同干旱胁迫的红松、水曲柳、胡逃楸、椴树和蒙古栎幼树叶片N2O排放速率为34.43、14.44、33.02、16.48和32.33ngN2O.g-1DW.h-1.图1表1参12.
简介:为了快速获得具有杀菌活性的先导化合物,按照苯环上取代基的性质,将18个N-取代苯基-2-羟基环己烷基磺酰胺分成8个大小不等的原料库(A),分别与过量的2-乙氧基乙酰氯(B1)和4-氟苯甲酰氯(B2)反应,获得16个2-酰氧基环己烷基磺酰胺类组合库。通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)和红外光谱分析了组合库中36个化合物的结构和含量。以番茄灰霉病菌BotrytiscinereaPers.为供试靶标,菌丝生长速率法测试结果表明:当A的苯环上含有多个Cl或CF3等吸电子基团时,与B1反应生成的组合库的活性普遍较高,其中活性组合库A5B1、A6B1和A7B1的杀菌活性均高于对照药剂腐霉利;黄瓜离体叶片试验表明,活性组合库A6B1和A7B1的防效也与腐霉利相当。在组合库生物活性筛选中化合物的结构、含量和数量是影响筛选结果的3个因素,其中结构为主要因素。