简介：1TechnologyofnaturalmaterialsEarlymanusedconvenientlyshapedstonesastools."Workshop"areashavebeenfoundwithlargenumbersofstones,someshowingsignsofbeingworked[1].However,organicmaterialslikewoodwilldecayundernormalwetconditionsinthepresenceofoxygen,sowewon'tfindthesamesortofevidenceforwoodentools.Itissafetoassumethatearlymanusedsticksasprobesandclubs,andmaybeevenformakingsomesortofnestlikeprotectionagainsttheelementsandpredators,sinceweseechimpanzeesandotheranimalsdoingthissortofthing.Sowood,andalmostcertainlyotherplantmaterialssuchasfibrousleaves,andboneandothermaterialsgleanedfromdeadanimals,wouldbeusedfromtheearliesttimes.WeneedtoknowthisinordertoestablishtheideathatMancanbeexpectedtohavealonghistoryoftheuseandmanipulationofnaturalmaterials.Thisneedsskillsinchoosingmaterialsforcertainusesonthebasisoftheirmechanicalproperties,whetherthosepropertiesaretodowiththeeaseofshapingthematerialortheeffectivenessofthatmaterialinuse.Occasionallythematerialwaschosensimplybecauseitwasreadilyavailable.Ifwefindthataparticularmaterialwasalwaysusedforacertainjob,it'sreasonabletodeducethatManwasexertingmaterialsselectioncriteriathroughexperience.

简介：目的：探讨联合检测人附睾蛋白4（HE4）、血清糖类抗原125（CA125）和199（CA199）在绝经后卵巢可及综合征（PMPOS）中的应用价值。方法：采用化学发光法（CLIA）检测125例PMPOS患者及60例健康志愿者（对照组）血清HE4、CA125和CA199的水平,其中PMPOS患者分为良性肿瘤组（良性组,n=50）和恶性肿瘤组（恶性组,n=75）。结果：PMPOS恶性组患者血清HE4、CA125和CA199水平均显著高于良性组,有统计学差异（P〈0.05）;也显著高于对照组,有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。良性组的CA125水平略高于对照组,有统计学差异（P〈0.05）;但CA199和HE4水平与对照组比较无明显差异,无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。三者联合检测用于诊断PMPOS恶性肿瘤的敏感度达到81.2%,而特异度也保持在90.0%。结论：联合检测HE4、CA199和CA125可有效提高对PMPOS恶性卵巢肿瘤的诊断效率,具有较大的临床意义。