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简介：—Accordingtotheenergyequation,therelationbetweenreflectionandenergylossesforshortwavesfrommildbeachesisestablishedandanalysed.Areflectioncoefficientvaryingwithpositionanden-ergylossesisproposed.Differentreflectiontestsareconductedtocheckthetheoreticalanalysis.Amodi-fiedmethodtoestimatethereflectioncoefficientatvariedwaterdepthsissuggestedbasedonthelinearwavetheory.Thestudyindicatesthatthereflectioncoefficientfrommildbeacheshasachangingtrendforshortwavesapproachingshoreline.

简介：ThedevelopmentofseismicwavestudyinChinainthepastfouryearsisreviewed.Thediscussionisdividedintoseveralaspects,includingseismicwavepropagationinlaterallyhomogeneousmedia,laterallyheterogeneousmedia,anisotropicandporousmedia,surfacewaveandseismicwaveinversion,andseismicwavestudyinprospectingandloggingproblems.Importantprojectsinthecurrentstudiesonseismicwaveissuggestedasthedevelopmentofhighefficientnumericalmethods,andapplyingthemtothestudiesofexcitationandpropagationofseismicwavesincomplexmediaandstronggroundmotion,whichwillformafoundationforrefinedearthquakehazardanalysisandprediction.

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简介：Inthispaper,thewaves’breakingintheleewavesissuccessfullysimulatedbytheatmosphericmesoscalenumericalmodelwithasecond-ordertur-bulentclosure.Itisfurtherprovedthattheturbulenceinthewave-breakingregionplaystheroleofintensemixingfortheaveragefield,whichleadstothetrappingofupwardpropagatingwavesandthuspromotesthedevelopmentofthedownslopewind.Theturbulentstructureinthewave-breakingregionisdiscussedandthefol-lowingconclusionsareobtained:(1)Inthewave-breakingregion,theturbulentheatfluxestransferfrominsidetooutsideandtheturbulentmomentumfluxestransferfromoutsidetoinside.(2)Inthewave-breakingregion,theturbulentenergymainlycomesfromthewindshearandthebuoyancypromotestheturbulentdevelopmentonlyinpartoftheregion.(3)Intheupperpartofthewave-breakingregion,theturbulentmomentumfluxesbehaveasacounter-gradienttransfer.(4)Theturbulentmixinginthewave-breakingregionisnon-local.

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简介：Aunifiedperturbationtheoryisdevelopedhereforcalculatingsolitarywavesofallheightsbyseriesexpansionofbaseflowvariablesinpowersofasmallbaseparametertoeighteenthorderfortheone-parameterfamilyofsolutionsinexactform,withallthecoefficientsdeterminedinrationalnumbers.Comparativestudiesarepursuedtoinvestigatetheeffectsduetochangesofbaseparameterson(i)theaccuracyofthetheoreticallypredictedwavepropertiesand(ii)therateofconvergenceofperturbationexpansion.Twoimportantresultsarefoundbycomparisonsbetweenthetheoreticalpredictionsbasedonasetofparametersseparatelyadoptedforexpansioninturn.First,theaccuracyandtheconvergenceoftheperturbationexpansions,appraisedversustheexactsolutionprovidedbyanearlierpaper[1]asthestandardreference,arefoundtodepend,quitesensitively,onchangesinbaseparameter.Theresultingvariationsinthesolutionarephysicallydisplayedinvariouswavepropertieswithdifferencesfounddependentonwhichproperty(e.g.thewaveamplitude,speed,itsprofile,excessmass,momentum,andenergy),onwhatrangeinvalueofthebase,andontherankoftheordernintheexpansionbeingaddressed.Secondly,regardingconvergence,thepresentperturbationseriesisfounddefinitelyasymptoticinnature,withtherelativeerrorδ(n)(therelativemean-squaredifferencebetweensuccessiveordersnofwaveelevations)reachingaminimum,δm,ataspecificorder,n=nm,bothdependingonthebaseadopted,e.g.n=11-12basedonparameterα(waveamplitude),nm,β=15onβ(amplitude-speedsquareratio),andnm.∈=17on∈(wavenumbersquared).Theasymptoticrangeisbroughttocompletionbythehighestorderofn=18reachedinthiswork.

简介：Theresultsinferredfromexperimentswithanaloguemodelscarriedoutpreviouslyhaveshownthattwotypesofplastic-flowwaves,'fast-waves'and'slow-waves',areinducedinthelowerlithosphere(includingthelowercrustandlithosphericmantle)underdrivingatplateboundariesandbothofthemareviscousgravitywavesformedbythesuperpositionofmajorandsubsidiarywaves.Themajorwavesaresimilartosolitarywavesandthesubsidiarywavesaretravelingwaves.Theplastic-flowwavesinthelowerlithospherecontrolseismicactivitiesintheoverlyingseismogeniclayerandresultinthedistributionofearthquakesalongthewavecrestbelts.'Fast-waves'propagatedwithvelocitiesofordersofmagnitudeof100～102km/ahavebeenverifiedbywave-controlledearthquakemigration,showingthe'decadewaves'and'centurywaves'withtheaverageperiodsof10.8and93.4a,respectively,whichoriginatefromtheHimalayandrivingboundary.AccordingtotherecognitionofthepatternsofthebeltlikedistributionofstrongearthquakeswithMs≥7.0,itisindicatedfurtherinthispaperthatthe'slow-waves'withvelocitiesofordersofmagnitudeof100～101m/aalsooriginatedundercompressionfromtheHimalayandrivingboundary.StrongearthquakeswithMs≥7.0arecontrolledmainlybysubsidiarywaves,becausethemajorwaveswithadurationofupto106aforeachdisturbancecannotresultintheaccmnulationofenoughenergyforstrongearthquakesduetotherelaxationoftheuppercrust.Thesubsidiarywavespropagatewithanaveragewavelengthof445km,velocitiesof0.81～2.80m/aandperiodsof0.16～0.55Ma.ThewavegeneratingtimeattheHimalayandrivingboundaryisabout1.34～4.59Mabeforepresentforthe'slow-waves',correspondingtothestagefromtheMidPliocenetotheMidEarlyPleistoceneandbeingidenticalwithoneofthemajortectonicepisodesoftheHimalayantectonicmovement.Itisshownfromtherecognitionofthewave-controlledbeltsofstrongearthquakest

简介：Inthispaperthepropagationandbreakingofthesolitarywave,thesinusoidalwaveandthesecondStokeswaveonaslopeof1/30arediscussedbasedupontheTUMMACmethod,andthevelocityfieldsofbreakingwavesontheslopeareobtainedbyusingthetracingmethod.The.numericalresultsforwavedeformationareingoodagreementwithexperimentaldata,andthebreakerindexesdependingonthekineticcriterionagreeapproximatelywithprevi-ousresults.Furthermore,comparedwiththeexperimentalresultsmeasuredbyIwagakiandbytheauthors,thetendencyofvelocitydistributionofbreakingwavescomputedbythisnumericalmethodisalsosatisfactory.

简介：Basedonthe2ndordercnoidalwavetheory,thecharactersofshallowwaterstandingwavesandtheiractiononverticalwallsarestudiedinthispaper.Thetheoreticalexpressionsofthewavesurfaceelevationinfrontofandthewavepressureontheverticalwallareobtained.Inordertoverifythetheoreticalresults,modeltestsweremadeintheStateKeyLaboratoryofCoastalandOffshoreEngineeringatDUT.Forthewavesurfaceelevationinfrontofthewallandthewaveforcesonthewallatthemomentwhenthewavesurfaceatthewallsurfacegoesdowntothebottomofthewavetrough,thecalculatedresultscoincidequitewellwiththeexperimentalresults.Forthewaveforcesonthewallatthemomentwhenthewavesurfaceatthewallsurfacegoesuptothetopofthewavecrest,thetheoreticalexpressionsaremodifiedbytheexperimentalresults.Fortheconvenienceofpracticaluse,calculationsaremadeforthewaveconditionswhichusuallyoccurinengineringpracticebyuseoftheinves

简介：Hydraulicmechanismofrillformationwasstudiedtheoreticallyandexperimentally.Itwasassumedthattheimpactofvariedboundaryonoverlandflowresultsinfluctuatingofwatersurface,andshockwavesthatmaycontributetotheformationofrills.Boththeoreticalderivationandlaboratoryexperimentswereusedtocomparethehydrauliccharacteristicsofflowswithandwithoutshockwaves.Resultsshowedthatshockwavescanleadtoanincreaseinflowdepth,flowvelocity,andturbulenceintensity.Consequently,flowshearstressorstreamenergyincreasedramaticallyandrillheadcutsmayoccurwhereshockwavesconverge.

简介：Solitarywavesinrelativisticelectromagneticplasmasareobtainednumerically.Thelongitudinalmomentumofelectronshasbeentakenintoaccountintheproblem.Itisfoundthatinthemovingframewithelectromagneticfieldpropagatingthesolitarywavescanexistinbothcases,wherethevectorpotentialfrequencyislargerorsmallerthantheplasmacharacteristicfrequency.

简介：Asystematicprocedureisproposedforobtainingsolutionsforsoli-tarywavesinstratifiedfluids.Thestratificationofthefluidisassumedtobeexpo-nentialorlinear.Itscomparisonwithexistingresultsforanexponentiallystratifiedfluidshowsagreement,anditisfoundthatfortheoddseriesofsolutionsthedirec-tionofdisplacementofthestreamlinesfromtheirasymptoticlevelsisreversedwhenthestratificationischangedfromexponentialtolinear.Finallytheinteractionofsolitarywavesisconsidered,andtheKorteweg-deVriesequationandtheBoussinesqequationarederived.Thustheknownsolutionsoftheseequationscanberehedupontoprovidetheanswerstotheinteractionproblem.

简介：我们为分级的波浪考虑反的散布问题。我们分析反的出生的系列的集中并且在二和三种尺寸为球状地对称的媒介的案例在数字模拟学习它的使用。

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简介：根据从北华南海的大陆人架上的温度链和一个声学的Doppler当前的剖析程序的时间系列观察，内部独居的波浪(ISW)和背景的一个序列飘动(BW，包括内部潮和在惯性附近的波浪)在大陆人上，架在2011年10月在台风Neast的运输以后同时被捕获。这些measurementsprovided在ISW上探索BW的影响的一个唯一的机会。BW出现了当前的力量和垂直模式结构上的变换在观察时期期间。BW被统治由弱并且在10月2日前的模式一个波浪然后在那时间以后转到强壮、高模式的波浪。同时，ISW与BW变化有关仔细在10月2日前后显示了不同波浪结构，它是。根据BW的当前的侧面，有强壮的电流的高模式的波浪结构能显著地加强垂直在近表面的层ISW砍并且支持碎ISW，并且因此，它可以在影响背景水流条件起一个重要作用。

简介：Comparedtotowedstreamers,ocean-bottomseismometers(OBS)obtainbothS-wavedataandricherwavefieldinformation.Inthispaper,theinducedpolarizationmethodisusedtoconductwavefieldseparationonOBSdataobtainedfromtheShenhuareaintheSouthChinaSea.AcomparisonofthechangesinP-andS-waves,andacomprehensiveanalysisofgeologicalfactorswithinthearea,enableanalysisanddescriptionoftheoccurrenceofnaturalgashydrateinthestudyarea.ResultsshowanincreaseinP-wavevelocitywhennaturalgashydrateexistsintheformation,whereastheS-wavevelocityremainsalmostconstant,asS-wavescanonlypropagatethroughtherockskeleton.Therefore,thebottom-simulatingreflection(BSR)responseoftheP-waveisbetterthanthatoftheS-waveinthefrequencyanalysisprofile.Inawide-anglesection,therefractivewaveofthehydratelayerisevidentwhenusingP-wavecomponentsbutidentificationisdifficultwithS-wavecomponents.ThisvelocitymodelillustratesthesensitivityofPandS-wavecomponentstogashydrate.TheuseofthispolarizationmethodandresultsofanalysisprovidetechnicalandtheoreticalsupportforresearchonhydratedepositsandothergeologicalfeaturesintheShenhuarea.