简介：UnliketheEuropeanUnionemissiontradesystem(EUETS),ChinaspilotETSsimplementeddiversifiedpolicydesignsinsteadofusingauniformframework.VarianceratiotestisusedtoevaluatetheEfficientMarketHypothesis(EMH)inChina’scarbontradingmarkets.TheresultsoftwoversionsofvarianceratiotestsindicatethatthecarbontradingmarketinHubeiisconsideredweakformefficient,andthesocialistmarketeconomydoesnotnecessarilyleadtomarketinefficiencyincarbontradingmarkets.ThintradingactivitiesgeneratemarketfrictionsandbiastheEfficientMarketHypothesis(EMH)tests.

简介：在这研究，侵蚀深度上的一口平面喷气的厚度的效果喷气什么时候在表面上侵犯，连贯的土壤创作了是经分解并且数字地评估了。结果证明侵蚀深度实际上独立于为比潜在的核心长度浅的侵蚀深度的嘴厚度(即中央流动速度与嘴速度一样是的在喷气的区域)。在嘴厚度和侵蚀深度之间的关系比潜在的核心长度深与为侵蚀深度的连续地可变的斜坡是非线性的。最后，当侵蚀深度收敛了到平衡侵蚀深度时，关系是近似线性的。这研究的调查结果显示这个领域里的侵蚀深度的那直接、快的预言用从有类似的流动速度的小规模土壤侵蚀测试的数据是可能的。

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简介：Anewmethodfordeterminingthepartialmeltingdepthofmantle-derivedmagmaandlithosphericthicknessincontinentalregionsisderivedfromREEgeochemistry.ThiseffectivetechniqueusesvariationsintheCe/YbandSm/YbratiosfoundinmainlyvolcanicrocksincontinentalChina.TheratioschangewiththedepthoforiginconsistentwiththecorrelationbetweenlithosphericthicknessandtheCe/YbandSm/Ybratiosfoundinoceanicbasalt.Theseratiosincreaseexponentiallywiththedepthoforigin,thelithosphericthickness,ofawidevarietyofCenozoicvolcanicbasaltandPaleozoickimberliteintheNorthChinaCraton,northeasternChinacontinentandvicinity.Thisfunctionalrelationshipwithdepthisshowninaplotoftheratiosthatformsaconcordiacurve,whichiscloselyexpressedbyformulasusing8-degreepolynomials.Theseprovideamoreaccurategageinmeasuringthelithosphericthicknessthanthetraditionalgeophysicalmethods.Whenappliedtovolcanicrockofdifferentagesitalsorevealshowthethicknesshaschangedovertimeandthus,greatlyaidstheunderstandingofthetectonichistory.RelationsbetweentheCO2content,mineralreactionsandpressureintheupperasthenospherebeneaththebaseofthelithosphereappearstoaffecttheproportionsofREEinpartialmeltsandbringsaboutaclosecorrelationbetweenlithosphericthicknessandtheCe/YbandSm/Ybratiosinmantle-derivedmagmaticrock.Thisthicknessgauge,forbothcontinentalandoceaniclithosphere,providesanewapproachinanalyzingthelithosphericthicknessindifferenttectonicsettingsandgeologictimes.

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