简介：Peopleoftendiscusswhethertherearecreaturesonotherplanets.Somepeoplesay“yes”whileotherssay“no”Thisisbecausetheyhaven'tseenanyrealcreaturesorflyingobjectsfromotherplanets.

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简介：Theglobalmeantemperaturesoftheatmosphereandthesurfaceofvariousplanetsofthesolarsystemaredeter-minedbytakingthesystemasinradiativeequilibrium,withtheatmospheretakenastransparenttosolarradiationbutwithanalbedoα,andcomposedofNlayerseachofwhichabsorbsallinfraredradiationthatfallsonit,andatoplayerofpartialabsorptivitya,whilethesurfaceistakenasblack.Itisfoundthat,fortheearth’satmospherewithα=0.33,N=0,a=0.83,itgivesthecurrentobservedmeansurfacetemperatureT_s=15℃andtheeffectivemeanradiativetemper-atureoftheatmosphereT_a=242.6K.Ontheotherhand;theatmosphereofVenusischaracterizedbyα=0.70andN=70,whichyieldsasurfacetemperatureofabout700K.Itisalsofoundthatsurfaceevaporationandabsorptionofsolarradiationbytheatmospheretendtolowerthesur-facetemperature.