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简介：<正>Regularlyplayingsportsorexercisingisbecominganimportantpartofahealthylifestyle.Asthepopulationplayingsportsandexercisingisincreasing,incidentsofsportsinjuriesarealsoincreasing.Sportsinjuriesresultindevastatingphysical,psychological,andfinancialconsequencesandsignificantlyimpactthelevelofactivityandqualityoflifeofpatients,whichhavenotbeenfullyrecognizedbyoursociety.Preventingsportsinjuriesandimprovingrehabilitationof

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简介：Objective:Tosummarizethereconstructionexperienceoftheelectricalinjuriesinemergency.Methods:All309woundsin105patientswhosufferedfromelectricalinjurieswerereviewedduringa10yearperiodfromJan.1st1986toDec.31st,1996.Treatmentmethod,patientdataandresultswerecomparedandanalyzed.Acomprehensiveurgentreconstructionalternativeusedinallcasesincludedthefollowings,1)debridingthewoundinemergency,2)preservingthevitaltissuesasmuchaspossible,evendevitalizedtissuesorlocalnecrosis,3)transplantingthesevitaltissuesduringthefirstsurgeryifthefunctionalreconstructionrequired,4)nourishingthewoundbedbytissueflapscoveringwithrichbloodsupply,5)improvingflapsurvivalbycontinuousirrigationfor24-720hoursbeneaththeflapswithacompoundmedicineaftersurgery.Results:Satisfactoryresultswereobtainedwiththeextremitylossratiooflessthan7%inthisgroupcomparedwith42.5%whichwas10yearsbefore1984inthesamehospital.Conclusions:Thisurgentcomprehensivereconstructionalternativeisaneffectiveandworkablemethodforreducingextremitylossofelectricalinjuries.

简介：Objective:Toassessthetherapeuticeffectofulinastatinonseverecraniocerebralinjuriesandtoexploreitsmechanism.Methods:Therewere87casesofseverebraininjuryinthisseriesandtheywereeithertreatedbyulinastatin(treatmentgroup,41cases)ornot(controlgroup,46cases)besidesroutinemanagements.WeestimatedC-reactiveprotein,interleukin-6,superoxidedismutase,andendothelinfromplasmasofallthecasesonthe1st,3rd,5th,and7thdayafterinjury.Results:C-reactiveproteinlevelroseonthe1stand3rddayafterinjuryinthetwogroups,butdescendedintreatmentgrouponthe5thand7thdayandwassignificantlylowerthanthatincontrolgroup(P<0.01).Nosignificantdifferencewasfoundforinterleukin-6intwogroupsduring1-5daysafterinjury,butonthe7thday,itdecreasedsignificantlyintreatmentgroupthancontrolone(P<0.01).Superoxidedismutasewashigherintreatmentgroupthancontrolonein5-7daysafterinjury(P<0.01).Endothelinelevatedonthe1stdayafterinjurybutdroppedafterwardsinthetwogroups,inwhichthelevelintreatmentgroupwaslowerthanthatincontrolone.Theincidenceofgastrointestinalhemorrhagewaslowerintreatmentgroupthancontrolone(P<0.01).Conclusions:Ulinastatinhasthefunctionofprotectingcerebraltissue,reducingtheincidenceofgastrointestinalhemorrhage,improvinghepaticandrenalfunctionandprognosis.

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简介：Objective:Toevaluatethetreatmentforpatientswithmajorvascularinjuriesassociatedwithtraumaticorthopedicinjuries.Methods:Atotalof196patients,agedfrom4-67yearswiththemeanageof29.88years,hadmajorvascularinjuriesassociatedwithtraumaticorthopedicinjuriesandweretreatedinourhospitalinaperiodof44years.Themostcommonmechanismoftraumawasblunttrauma(67.3%),openinjuriesaccountedfor32.4%and54.5%oftheinjurieswerelocatedinthelowerextremities.Thevascularinjuryfrequentlyhappenedinthefemoralartery(26.7%)andpoplitealartery(20.3%).Thetreatmentprincipleconsistedofaggressiveresuscitation,Dopplerimagingandstableboneinternalfixationwithsubsequentvascularrepairanddebridement.Thevascularrepairforinjuriesincludedend-to-endanastomosis(80cases,39.6%),interpositionalveingraft(94,46.5%),vasculardecompressionthroughfracturedistraction(18,8.9%),arterialligation(6,3.0%),veinpatch(2,1.0%),bypassgraft(2,1.0%),venousrepairincludingautogenousveingraft(9,24.3%)andligation(28,75.7%)andprophylacticalfasciotomy(15,7.4%).Postoperativeamputationwasperformedin16cases(16.3%).Results:Nointraoperativedeathwasobservedandallfracturesunitedwithin6months.Limbsweresalvagedin180patients(91.8%).Amongthesepatients,earlycomplicationswerefoundin19patients(9.7%)andlatecomplicationswereobservedin8patients(4.1%).Conclusions:Awell-organizedapproach,basedonaspecifictreatmentprinciple,notonlyimprovesclinicaloutcomebutalsodoesgoodtoexcellentfunctionalrecoveryforpatientswithsevereorthopedicinjuriesandconcomitantvascularlesion.

简介：锁骨下的脉管的损害说明所有脉管的损害的1%-5%。如果没及时发现或迅速设法，锁骨下的脉管的损害是可能的引起出血性的吃惊甚至死亡。从通过2003的8月的1998的三月，有锁骨下的脉管的损害的15个盒子的一个总数在我们的部门被对待。细节在这份报告的redescribed。

简介：肌肉损害在运动仍然是最普通的损害之一，还尽管有这，几乎没有怎么有效地描述或决定特定的肌肉损害的预后到也上的很少一致。肌肉分类的众多的途径并且药分级在最后世纪被使用了，但是在最后十年，历史性的途径的限制被认出了。作为后果，在过去的10年里，临床的研究组开始询问了历史性的途径并且重新考虑肌肉损害被分类并且描述的方法。用一条记事途径，这张手稿描述几次最近的尝试分类并且分级肌肉损害并且加亮每个系统的相对力量和软弱。当时每新分类和分级的系统有力量，几乎在那里不在全面的一个系统和基于的证据上仍然是很少一致。很少在分级的系统以内的当前识别的特征有关联到精确地决定预后。

简介：Hydraulicspinalcordandcaudaequinanerveinjuriesareveryuncommon.Since1996,wehavereceivedandtreated4patientswithhydraulicspinalcordandcaudaequinainjuries.Thisreportgivesadetaildescription.Fourpatientswithhydraulicspinalcordandcaudaequinanerveinjuries,male:3,female:1,aging13-56yearshavebeentreatedinourhospitalsince1996.Extraduralblockinginjurywasin1patient,extraduralanaesthesiainjuryin1patientandintraspinalcanalmyelographyinjuryin2patients;thesegmentsofintraspinalcanalwereL2-3andL3-4.Onepatientwasaccompaniedbyfemoralfracture,2patientsbyintraspinaltumorand1patienthadoperationbecauseofprolapseoflumbarintervertebraldisc.

简介：AbstractPurpose:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major public health concerns worldwide. Developing a TBI registry could facilitate characterizing TBI, monitoring the quality of care, and quantifying the burden of TBI by collecting comparable and standardized epidemiological and clinical data. However, a national standard tool for data collection of the TBI registry has not been developed in Iran yet. This study aimed to develop a national minimum data set (MDS) for a hospital-based registry of patients suffering from TBI in Iran.Methods:The MDS was designed in 2 phases, including a literature review and a Delphi study with content validation by an expert panel. After the literature review, a comprehensive list of administrative and clinical items was obtained. Through a two-round e-Delphi approach conducted by invited experts with clinical and research experience in the field of TBI, the final data elements were selected.Results:A MDS of TBI was assigned to 2 parts: administrative part with 5 categories including 52 data elements, and clinical part with 9 categories including 130 data elements.Conclusion:For the first time in Iran, we developed a MDS specified for TBI consisting of 182 data elements. The MDS would facilitate implementing a TBI's national level registry and providing essential, comparable and standardized information.

简介：AbstractHuman-elephant conflict (HEC) in India is becoming a growing health problem causing many fatalities every year. Elephants produce injuries by trampling, stomping, squeezing, tossing in the air, or crushing/targeting the head and chest commonly. The adult elephants are most aggressive in their mating season, leading to maximum incidences of HECs in this period. These attacks are mostly unprovoked, though most HECs are provoked. In this case series, the authors described the injuries sustained by three survivors in a short span of one month due to the sudden and unprovoked elephant attack. All the injuries were mild to moderate in severity and involved the chest in common. Timely rescue and prompt initiation of treatment were pivotal in their survival. The authors also want to create awareness about the mating season of elephants to minimize these unfortunate events in the future.

简介：AbstractObjective:Dog bite injuries remain a public health concern for two key reasons: the physical threat to health following attack and the infective sequelae a canine bite can incur. Facial bite injuries can result in significant emotional, psychological and physical trauma to victims involved. This narrative review elucidates the current presentation and management of dog bite injuries to the face.Data Sources and Methods:A literature search was conducted electronically using the search terms "dog bite" and "face" and "management" using the National Library of Medicine (Pubmed) and the Cochrane Library. There were no time nor language restrictions. A total of 79 studies were initially retrieved using the search algorithm. After screening of the titles and abstracts, 9 full texts were retrieved, and a total of 7 studies included.Results:The number of patients included in each study following a dog bite ranged from 40 to 223. The percentage of children included in each study (aged <18 years old) ranged from 27.5% to 100%. The majority of dog bite injuries to the face were managed by primary repair, ranging from 56.3% to 100%. Prophylactic antibiotics were used in most studies for dog bite injuries, ranging from 81% to 100%. The secondary infection rate following a dog bite ranged from 0 to 35%.Conclusion:This review highlights that children are disproportionately affected by canine bite injuries to the face relative to adults. The dog involved in the attack is typically known to the victim, with the lips, the cheek and the nose representing the most common sites of facial injury. More units are managing such injuries with primary repair and prophylactic antibiotics. Reconstructive procedures most commonly involve a local or advancement flap, a full thickness skin graft or a split skin graft. These are typically performed by Plastic Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery specialists.

简介：ＴＨＥＵＳＩＮＧＯＴＨＥＬＩＧＨＴＷＯＲＫＳＨＯＰＡＰＰＡＲＡＴＵＳＩＮＨＡＮＤＩＮＪＵＲＩＥＳＴＨＥＵＳＩＮＧＯＴＨＥＬＩＧＨＴＷＯＲＫＳＨＯＰＡＰＰＡＲＡＴＵＳＩＮＨＡＮＤＩＮＪＵＲＩＥＳＷａｎｇＣｕｉｌａｎ；ＨａｎｇＭｉｎｑｉ；ＳｈｉＪｉａｎ；...

简介：ObjectiveTo调查军事人员在位于不同区域的中国army.MethodsEleven军人撤退医院里支撑的眼睛损害的流行病学的特征为这研究被选择。我们考察了在2005年1月和2009年12月之间的军事人员支撑的眼睛损害的所有医药记录。Patients’信息是镇定的。所有数据被放进数据库并且statistically.ResultsTotally分析了有有眼睛损害(442只眼睛)的415个住院病人，他们的吝啬的年龄是24.40年。眼睛损害在这研究说明13.51%所有眼睛疾病。从2006～2009，眼睛损害的数字在他们之中逐渐地增加了，(42.17%)175在空闲被伤害预定，并且(34.94%)145在工作预定。22(5.30%)病人们在损害前有一个眼睛手术或眼睛疾病的历史。总共，246个病人(59.28%)在24个小时以内被送到撤退医院，(56.64%)64在损害以后在24个小时经历了手术。有389个病人(93.73%)，在1次就医。187只眼睛(42.31%)的视觉尖酸是等级1(5=20/40)在损害以后。什么时候排出，349只眼睛(78.96%)获得了在中国军队的很经常的发生和更多注意应该被付阻止它的损害有的等级1.ConclusionEye的视觉尖酸。

简介：Objective:Toanalyzeretrospectivelythesurgicaltreatmentof21casesofinfectedarterialinjuriesofthemajorlimbhospitalizedfrom1989to2003inourdepartment.Methods:Afteraradicaldebridementanddrainage,anautologousvesselbypassreconstruction,simplevesselligationoramputationwerecarriedoutrespectivelyaccordingtoeachpatient'scondition.Inordertomakeabettermilieuforthegrafts,localmusculo-cutaneousflapsweretranslocatedtocoverthewoundsin9cases.Results:1case(4.8%)diedduringthetreatment.5cases(5/21,23.8%)underwentamputations.Bloodsupplyreconstructionwassuccessfulin15cases(15/21,71.4%).93.3%(14/15)ofthecasesweresuccessfulingettinganunobstructedvesselatearlystage.Thrombosisoccurredin1case(1/15,6.7%)andasoundresultwasobtainedafterasecondoperation.Conclusions:Radicaldebridementcombinedwithbypassvesselreconstructionwithautologousveinandwithmusculo-cutaneousflaptranslocationisaneffectivetreatmentforinfectivelimbvascularinjuries.

简介：ThisissueofJournalofSportandHealthSciencecontainsapoint-counterpointdiscussionofhamstringinjuriesinsprintrunningbythegroupsofDrs.LiuandYu.~(1–4)Theyproposedifferentmechanismsofmuscleinjuriesingeneral,andhamstringinjuriesinsprintrunningspecifically.Yuetal.2,4presentevidencesuggestingthathamstringinjuriesareprimarilycausedbyexcessivemusclestrainduringeccentriccontraction.Inmaximaleffortsprintrunning,excessivemusclestrains

简介：AbstractPurpose:Spinal injuries resulting in neurological damage cause significant morbidity. Swift neurosurgical intervention can mitigate negative outcomes. However, variable mechanisms of injury may be associated with inappropriate transport (IAT), which may delay necessary surgical interventions. Patients with near shore spinal injuries (NSSI) presented with unique mechanisms, so we investigated factors associated with IAT in patients with NSSI.Methods:We performed a multicenter retrospective study of all adult patients transported from a beach resort to 3 hospitals for suspected NSSI between 2006 - 2017. We excluded patients transferred to other facilities, and those not injured in the water. Primary outcome was IAT, defined as patients with NSSI requiring transfer to another trauma center. To avoid heterogeneity in our analysis, we further excluded patients without NSSI who were inappropriately transported to a level I trauma center. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess association of independent variables (such as demographic, environmental, and clinical factors) with outcome.Results:We analyzed 278 patients with suspected NSSI, and found 14 (5.0%) had IAT. Compared to appropriately transported patients, diving was associated with higher percentages of IAT (28.6% vs. 3.9%, p = 0.014) and more were transported by air (50.0% vs. 20.6%, p = 0.01). In multivariable regression, patients’ oxygenation saturation (odds ratio [OR] = 0.8, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 077-0.98) and diving (OR= 7.5, 95% CI: 1.2-46) were significantly associated with IAT.Conclusion:Rate of IAT for patients with NSSI was low. However, first responders and emergency medicine providers should be aware that diving is associated with a higher likelihood of IAT.

简介：AbstractLeopard attacks on humans are reported most often from the Indian subcontinent. The bite wounds are complex injuries infected with polymicrobial inoculum and may present as punctures, abrasions, lacerations or avulsions. The presentation and acceptable treatment of these injuries vary according to the wound. We hereby describe the clinical presentation and treatment of a male victim with leopard bite injuries on the head and neck region. As bite injuries are commonly found on and around the face, maxillofacial surgeons should be familiar with the therapy. Through thorough clinical and radiological examination, it is essential to prevent missing any hidden injuries, which can easily turn lethal. To benefit the rural population, more health facilities need to be established in remote areas.

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