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简介：Retinoblastoma(RB)isthemostcommonintraocularcancerofinfancyandchildhood.ThiscancerisinitiatedbymutationonRB1,thetumorsuppressorgenethatisresponsiblefortheregulationofbothcellcycleandgnomestabilityinretinalcells.PatientswithaconstitutionalmutationonRB1canbeinherited.RBoccursapproximately1inevery15000-20000livebirths.Theworldwidemortalityforthiscancerisabout5%-11%.However,thisraterisestoabout40%-70%indevelopingcountriesduetoadelayindiagnosis.Awidevarietyofoptionsareavailableforthetreatment,butoftenacombinationoftherapiesisadoptedtooptimizeindividualizedcare.

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简介：Experimentaldata,obtainedfrompreviousstudies,onCriticalTractiveStress(CTS)ofnon-uniformsediments,havebeenusedtoverifytheadequacyofexistingrelationshipsforCTSofnon-uniformbimodalsediments.Keepinginviewtheperformanceofsuchrelationships,anewrelationshipforcomputationofdimensionlessCTSofindividualsizefractionofnon-uniformunimodalandbimodalsedimentshasbeenproposedintheformofpowerlaw.Thecoefficientandexponentoftheproposedpowerlawhavebeenempiricallycorrelatedwithsedimentcharacteristicsforavailablesedimentdata.Theproposedrelationshiphasbeenvalidatedwithindependentflumeandfielddatatoassesstheirapplicabilityforunimodalandbimodalsediments.

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简介：DifferentmodelshavebeenproposedfortheformationandtectonicevolutionoftheSouthChinaSea(SCS),includingextrusionoftheIndochinaPeninsula,backarcextension,two-stageopening,proto-SCSdragging,extensioninducedbyamantleplume,andintegratedmodelsthatcombinediversefactors.Amongthese,theextrusionmodelhasgainedthemostattention.Basedonsimpli?edphysicalexperiments,thismodelproposesthatcollisionbetweentheIndianandEurasianPlatesresultedinextrusionoftheIndochinaPeninsula,whichinturnledtoopeningoftheSCS.TheextrusionoftheIndochinaPeninsula,however,shouldhaveledtopreferentialopeninginthewestsideoftheSCS,whichiscontrarytoobservations.ExtensionalmodelsproposethattheSCSwasabackarcbasin,riftedofftheSouthChinaBlock.Mostofthebackarcextensionmodels,however,arenotcompatiblewithobservationsintermsofeitherageorsubductiondirection.Thetwo-stageextensionmodelisbasedonextensionalbasinssurroundingtheSCS.Recentdatingresultsindeedshowtwo-stageopeningintheSCS,buttheSouthwestSubbasinoftheSCSismuchyounger,whichcontradictsthetwo-stageextensionmodel.Hereweproposeare?nedbackarcextensionmodel.TherewasawideNeotethysOceanbetweentheAustralianandEurasianPlatesbeforetheIndian-Eurasiancollision.Theocean?oorstartedtosubductnorthwardat*125Ma,causingbackarcextensionalongthesouthernmarginoftheEurasianPlateandtheformationoftheproto-SCS.TheNeotethyssubductionregimechangedduetoridgesubductionintheLateCretaceous,resultinginfold-belts,uplifting,erosion,andwidespreadunconformities.Itmayalsohaveledtothesubductionoftheproto-SCS.FlatsubductionoftheridgemayhavereachedfurthernorthandresultedinanotherbackarcextensionthatformedtheSCS.Therollbackofthe?atsubductingslabmighthaveoccurred*90Maago;thesecondbackarcextensionmayhaveinitiatedbetween50and45Ma.TheopeningoftheSouthwestSub

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简介：Translationinitiationsites(TISs)areimportantsignalsincDNAsequences.InmanypreviousattemptstopredictTISsincDNAsequences,threemajorfactorsaffectthepredictionperformance:thenatureofthecDNAsequencesets,therelevantfeaturesselected,andtheclassificationmethodsused.Inthispaper,weexaminedifferentapproachestoselectandintegraterelevantfeaturesforTISprediction.Thetopselectedsignificantfeaturesincludethefeaturesfromthepositionweightmatrixandthepropensitymatrix,thenumberofnucleotideCinthesequencedownstreamATG,thenumberofdownstreamstopcodons,thenumberofupstreamATGs,andthenumberofsomeaminoacids,suchasaminoacidsAandD.Withthenumericaldatageneratedfromthesefeatures,differentclassificationmethods,includingdecisiontree,naiveBayes,andsupportvectormachine,wereappliedtothreeindependentsequencesets.Theidentifiedsignificantfeatureswerefoundtobebiologicallymeaningful,whiletheexperimentsshowedpromisingresults.

简介：Experimentalstudyoninitiationofbivalveshellmotiononahorizontalsandbed,underaunidirectionalflowofwater,ispresented.Experimentswerecarriedoutinaflumewiththreetypesofbivalveshells,namelyCoquinaClam,Cross-barredChioneandPonderousArk,totesttheconditionforinitiationofmotion.Theshapeparametersofbivalveshellsaredefinedappropriately.Experimentswereconductedinaflumewithahorizontalbed,andthecriticalshearstresseswereestimatedusingVanoni'sside-wallcorrection.Thecharacteristicparametersaffectingtheinitiationofshellmotiononahorizontalbedinrough-turbulentregimeidentifiedbasedonthephysicalreasoninganddimensionalanalysisaretheShieldsparameter(nondimensionalcriticalshearstress),nondimensionalcompetentmeanvelocity,nondimensionalsandroughness,nondimensionalflowdepthandshapeparameter.EquationsofShieldsparameterandnondimensionalcompetentmeanvelocityfortheinitialmovementofshellsonahorizontalsandbedwithconvexupwardanddownwardconditionsareobtainedusingexperimentaldata.

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简介：Anovelefficienttrackinitiationmethodisproposedfortheharshunderwatertargettrackingenvironment(heavyclutterandlargemeasurementerrors):tracksplitting,evaluating,pruningandmergingmethod(TSEPM).Trackinitiationdemandsthatthemethodshoulddeterminetheexistenceandinitialstateofatargetquicklyandcorrectly.Heavyclutterandlargemeasurementerrorscertainlyposeadditionaldifficultiesandchallenges,whichdeteriorateandcomplicatethetrackinitiationintheharshunderwatertargettrackingenvironment.Therearethreeprimaryshortcomingsforthecurrenttrackinitiationmethodstoinitializeatarget:(a)theycannoteliminatetheturbulencesofcluttereffectively;(b)theremaybeahighfalsealarmprobabilityandlowdetectionprobabilityofatrack;(c)theycannotestimatetheinitialstateforanewconfirmedtrackcorrectly.Basedonthemultiplehypothesestrackingprincipleandmodifiedlogic-basedtrackinitiationmethod,inordertoincreasethedetectionprobabilityofatrack,tracksplittingcreatesalargenumberoftrackswhichincludethetruetrackoriginatedfromthetarget.Andinordertodecreasethefalsealarmprobability,basedontheevaluationmechanism,trackpruningandtrackmergingareproposedtoreducethefalsetracks.TSEPMmethodcandealwiththetrackinitiationproblemsderivedfromheavyclutterandlargemeasurementerrors,determinethetarget’sexistenceandestimateitsinitialstatewiththeleastsquaresmethod.What'smore,ourmethodisfullyautomaticanddoesnotrequireanykindmanualinputforinitializingandtuninganyparameter.Simulationresultsindicatethatournewmethodimprovessignificantlytheperformanceofthetrackinitiationintheharshunderwatertargettrackingenvironment.

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简介：SEBSgrafted与的分子的结构缩苹果酸通过超声开始的酐(SEBS-g-MAH)被原子磁性的回声(NMR)调查。grafting组主要在超声的终点上存在，这能被证实开始的SEBS-g-MAH。然而，详细地证实MAH是通过描述的grafted的上SEBS的块是困难的<啜class=“a-plus-plus”>1H-NMR由于SEBS的复杂结构。而且，开始的SEBS-g-MAH也是的超声的红外线的系列由不安关联分析了的温度依赖者动人的窗户2D(PCMW2D)关联光谱学。它能证实破点在关节在之间存在poly(ethylene-co-1-butene)(EB块)并且聚苯乙烯块(S块)。因此，grafting组被纳入不仅S块而且EB块。另外，超声的聚集结构开始了SEBS-g-MAH，可能的grafting机制和在温度也是的空间的开始的SEBS-g-MAH建议了的超声的聚集模型以便很好理解。

简介：Inthispaper,theeffectofplasticconstraintontheinitiationofductiletearsinfourdifferentshipbuildingstructuralsteelshasbeenexperimentallystudiedbymeasuringtheJ-integralandcrackopeningdisplacementCODatinitiationinthree-pointbendspecimenswithdeepandshallownotches.ExperimentalresultsofsevengroupsofdifferentstrengthalloysteelsshowthatbothδìandJìvaluesofductiletearfromtheshallowcrackspecimenswhichhavelessconstraintflowfieldaresignificantlyhigherthanthoseofdeeplynotchedspecimens.Slip-line-fieldanalysisshowsthat,forshallowcrack,thehydrostaticstressislowerthanthatfromstandarddeeplycrackedbendspecimen,whichdevelopsahighlevelofcracktipconstraint,providesalowerboundestimateoftoughness,andwillensureanundulyconservativeapproachwhenappliedtostructuraldefects,especiallyifinitiationvaluesofCODandJ-integralareused.

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简介：Theinteractionsofasphericalflamewithanin-cidentshockwaveanditsreflectedshockwaveinaconfinedspacewereinvestigatedusingthethree-dimensionalreactiveNavier-Stokesequations,withemphasisplacedontheeffectofchemicalreactivityofmixtureontheflamedistortionanddetonationinitiationafterthepassageofthereflectedshockwave.Itisshownthatthespatio-temporalcharacteristicsofdetonationinitiationdependhighlyonthechemicalreactivityofthemixture.Whenthechemicalreactivityenhances,theflamecanbeseverelydistortedtoformareactiveshockbifurcationstructurewithdetonationsinitiatingatdifferentthree-dimensionalspatiallocations.Moreover,thedetonationinitiationwouldoccurearlierinamixtureofmoreenhancedreactivity.Theresultsrevealthatthedetonationsarisefromhotspotsintheunburnedregionwhichareinitiatedbytheshock-detonation-transitionmechanism.

简介：One-cellmouseembryosfromKMstrainandB6C3F1strainwereculturedinM16medium,inwhich2-cellblockgenerallyoccurs.EmbryosofKMstrainexhibited2-cellblock,whereasB6C3F1embryos,whichareregardedasanonblockingstrain,proceededtothe4-cellstageinourculturecondition.Itisoftenassumedthattheblockofearlydevelopmentisduetothefailureofzygoticgeneactivation(ZGA)inculturedembryos.Inthisstudyweexaminedproteinsynthesispatternsbytwo-dimensionalgelelectrophoresisof[35S]methionineradiolabeled2-cellembryos.Embryosfromtheblockingstrainandthenonblockingstrainwerecomparedintheirdevelopmentbothinvitroandinvivo.ThedetectionofTRCexpression,amarkerofZGA,at42hposthCGinKMembryosdevelopedinvitrosuggestedthatZGAwasalsoinitiatedeveninthe2-cellarrestedembryos.Nevertheless,asignificantdelayofZGAwasobservedinKMstrainascomparedwithnormallydevelopedB6C3F1embryos.AttheverybeginningofmajorZGAasearlyas36hposthCG,TRChasalreadybeenexpressedinB6C3F1embryosdevelopedinvitroandKMembryosdevelopedinvivo.Butfor2-cellblockedKMembryos,TRCwasstillnotdetectableevenat38hposthCG.Theseevidencessuggestthat2-cell-blockedembryosdoinitiateZGA,andthat2-cellblockphenomenonisduenottothedisabilityininitiatingZGA,buttoadelayofZGA.