简介：Rawcornstarchgranuleswerehydrolysizedbyglucoamylaseinachemostat.Thehydro-lysisofthreedifferent-sizedgranulesshowsthatsmallergranulesundergomorehydrolyzationthanlargerones.After78h,97%ofthegranuleswashydrolysizedwithdiameterbetween0.15mmand0.3mmat50℃.Whencornstarchconcentrationincreasedfrom100g/Lto250g/L,theamountofreducingsugarproducedwasproportionaltotheinitialsubstrateconcentrationandnosubstrateinhibitionphenomenonappeared.Inordertostudytheproductinhibitionexactly,theproductfromhydrolysisreactionitselfwasaddedintothehydrolysissystematthebeginningofstarchhydrolysis.Productinhibitionwithdifferentquantitiesofproductaddedwerestudiedintheinitialseveralhours,duringwhichperiodenzymeinactivationcouldbeneglectedandproductinhibitioncouldbestudiedseparately.Theexperimentsindicatethatproductinhibitionhappenswhentheadditionalquantityexceeds9.56g/L.

简介：Inthispaperthreemethods(diluteacidpretreatment,aqueousammonia/diluteacidpretreatmentandalkalinepretreatment)wereusedtostudythehydrolysisofcornstoverandcharacteristicsofeachmethodwerecompared.Theresultsshowedthattheligninremovalratewas71.8%whenthecornstoverwastreatedwithacausticsodasolutioncontaining1.5%ofNaOH,atatemperatureof75℃for90minwithaninitialsolid-liquidratioof1:8(w/v).HydrolysisyieldoftheNaOHpretreatedsamplereached78.5%,whichwasmuchhigherthanothercontrolgroups.Theseresultsareusefulforevaluationofpretreatmenttechnologies,andidentificationofkeyfactorsthatlimitcellulosehydrolysis,andcanalsoserveasabasisfordesigningandscreeningappropriatepretreatmenttechnologies.

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简介：HydrolysisofDNAisanimportantenzymaticreaction,butitisexceedinglydifficulttomimicinthelaboratorybecauseofthestabilityofhydrolysisofDNA.Inthispaper,thecleavageactivityofcomplexesformedbetweenCu(Ⅱ)andfourdifferentaminoacidoraminoacidmethylesteronDNAisstudiedbygelelec-trophoresis.ItisfoundthatDNAcouldbecleavedbyCu(Ⅱ)-L-HisandCu(Ⅱ)-L-Hismethylestercomplexesandtheefficiencyofcleavageislargelydependentonthemetalion-to-ligandratio.FurtherexperimentsshowthatthecleavageofDNAmediatedbyCu(Ⅱ)-L-HiscomplexesoccursviaahydrolyticmechanismandtheactivechemicalspeciesthataffectsDNAcleavageisproposedtobeMI2H+andML2H22+.

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简介：Cytoskeletonisanetworkoffilamentousproteins,suchasactinfilamentsandmicrotubules.Weproposeacontinuumcooperativehydrolysismodelwhichpossessesexactlyanalyticalsolutiontodescribethedynamicsoffilament.Theresultsshowthatthecooperativityleadstononnegative-exponentialdistributionofT(ATPorGTP)subunits.Asanapplication,weinvestigatethetreadmillingphenomenonusingourmodel.Itisshownthatthecooperativityremarkablyaffectsthelengthoffilament.

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简介：TheenzymatichydrolysisofmacromoleculargelatinwithAS1.398neutralprotease,bromelainandtheircombinationswasstudiedbyestimatingthemolecularweightsoftheirhydrolyticproducts.Itwasdiscoveredthattheproductshydrolyzedbyusingcombinationenzymeshadlowermolecularweightthanthoseobtainedbyusingsingleones,andthekindofenzymes,theircombinationmodeandadditionsequenceareeffectivewaystocontrolthemolecularweightsofgelatinhydrolyzates.

简介：K2NbOF5·H2OandK2TaF7werepreparedthroughmeltingNb2O5andTa2O5respectivelywithFHF2·2H2O,followedbyrecrystallizing.ThehydrolysispropertiesofK2NbOF5andK2TaF7weredeterminedagainbyusingarapidlyquenchvessel.Astemperature(from250to550℃)andpressure(from500to1500bars)increase,thedegreeofhydrolysisofbothK2NbOF5andK2TaF7willincrease.Nb-andTa-fluorinecomplexcompoundsareinstableinsupercriticalaqueousfluids.ThedegreeofhydrolysisofbothK2NbOF5andK2TaF7decreaseswithincreasingconcentra-tionofHF,independentoftheconcentrationofNaF.ThepartitioncoefficientsofNbandTabetweengraniticmeltandfluidphasearelessthan0.15,ie.,mostofNbandTaareleftingraniticmelt.ThepartitioncoefficientofTaismoredependentontheconcentrationofHFthanthatofNb.ThesignificanceofhydrolysisinNb-ansTamineralizationisalsodiscussedinthepresentpaper.

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简介：INTRODUCTIONItisaninterestingresearchareausingureaseinhibitorstocurbureaseactivityinsoil,todecreasetherateofureahydrolysisandtoincreasetherecoveryofureanitrogen(Zhou,1984;Guan,1985).Fewstudieshavebeenconductedontherelationshipbetweentheeffectivenessoftheinhibitorsappliedtoriceandtheenvironmentalconditionsandits

简介：Themechanismofesterhydrolysishasbeenextensivelystudied;however,theprecisefunctionofactive-siteresiduesinpromotingcatalysisisunclear.WedescribeherethestructuralmodelsforthecomplexofacatalyticantibodyFvfragmentwithaphosphonatetransition-stateanalogue,constructedbyusinggenecloning,sequencingandmolecularmodeling,mainlybasedonaknownX-raystructureofacatalyticantibody.HydrophobicandelectrostaticanalysesoftheFv/analogandFv/substrateinteractionsuggestthehydrolysismechanism:TyrL91andTyrH97playimportantrolestostabilizetheβ-naphthylgroupofhaptenthroughπ-stack;HisH35donatesapairoffreeelectronsattheatomNE2toanactivewaterandletittobeapartialhydroxide,whichattacksthecarbonatomofthecarbonylgroupofthesubstrate.BothHisH35andArgL96canformhydrogenbondsandstabilizetheanionictetrahedralintermediateformedduringturnover.Thismechanismemphasizesthatanactivewaterbridgemaybeformedduringhydrolysisprocess.

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简介：ThestereospecifichydrolysisofmandelatecanbeeffectivelycatalyzedbyhyperthermophilicacylpeptideesteraseAPE1547(Aeropyrumpernixesterase1547).APE1547usedinthisreactionshowedaremarkablestereodi-scriminationinfavourofR-mandelicacid(99%e.e.)withanenantiomericratioE>200.Theresultsofcomputersimulationareconsistentwiththeexperimentalresults.ItcanbeinferredthattheR-substrateadoptedabindingmodeproductiveofthereactionduetotheformationofthehydrogenbondattheactivesiteofAPE1547.

简介：Theenzymaticresolutionofracemicmethyl3-phenylglycidatewasinvestigated.Itwasfoundthatthehydrolysisrateof(2S,3R)-enantiomerwasfasterthanthatof(2R,3S)-enantiomerbyanewlipase.Atoptimalcondition96%of(2R,3S)-methylphenylglycidatewitheeof100%wasrecoveredfromtheracemicmixture.

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简介：帮助的酸水解作用被建立准备-carra-oligosaccharides的微波的一个快速的方法。最佳的水解作用条件被直角的测试决定。oligosaccharides的聚合(DP)的度被高效检测薄层层析(HPTLC)和polyacrylamide胶化电气泳动(页)。就HPTLC和页的结果而言，微波的最佳条件帮助了酸水解作用被决定。-carrageenan的集中是5mgmL<啜class=“a-plus-plus”>1；反应答案被适应pH3与冲淡盐酸酸；答案为在这些indic燬?燬的15个变化是在在100点的微波照耀下面的hydrolyzed吗？？

简介：Resinsofcomplexesmadefromagarose-Ce4+(RCA-Ce)andchitosan-Ce4+(RCC-Ce)wereprepared.Hydrolysisratesofmethamidophos,omethoateandchlorpyrifostreatedbyRCA-Cewere32.39%,27.12%and46.62%,respectively,thoseofchlorpyrifosandmethamidophosinmungbeansproutjuice38.28%and35.45%,andthatofchlorpyrifosinteaextract59.76%.HydrolysisratesofproteininteaextracttreatedbyRCA-Ceincreasedby86.46%.RCC-Cecouldbeemployedintheapplejuiceproduction.Thecontentsofmethamidophosandparathion-methylinthejuicetreatedbyRCC-Cedecreased58.76%and71.92%.Furthermore,RCC-Cewasusedtoclarificationforbeerbythewaysofacolumn.RCC-Cecouldhydrolyzesensitiveproteinandincreasecontentsoffreeaminoacidinthebeer.Therefore,thebeertreatedbyRCC-CecouldstayoxidationandagingprocedureduetosomemetalionsbeingabsorbedbyRCC-Ce.

简介：nano-TiO2粒子被液体水解作用方法准备并且描绘了使用XRD。它对二个代表的抗菌剂活动细菌，Escherichiacoli和葡萄球菌aureus，也被学习。试验性的结果出现了在600700瑵椠?楶牴?整瑳?湡?敲慰物?的nano-TiO2calcinated???業散挠污慶楲污搠晥'太B.吗？？

简介：Averymildandextremelyefficienthydrolysismethodfortransformationofpolystyrene-b-poly(tert-butylacrylate)(PS-b-PtBA)topolystyrene-b-poly(acrylicacid)(PS-b-PAA)wasdesignedandcarriedoutusingmoreconvenientandinexpensivechlorotrimethylsilane/sodiumiodideasreagents.Thehydrolysisproductcanself-assembleinaqueousmediatogiveregularmicelleswithPSblockformingthecoreandPAL4blockformingthecorona,orintetrahydrofuran(THF)togivereversemicelleswiththehydrophilicblockinthecore.