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简介：Landbreezeisatypeofmesoscalecirculationdevelopedduetothermalforcingoveraheterogeneouslandscape.Itcancontributetoatmosphericdynamicandhydrologicprocessesthroughaffectingheatandwaterfluxesontheland-atmosphereinterfaceandgeneratingshallowconvectiveprecipitation.Ifthescaleofthelandscapeheterogeneityissmallerthanacertainsize,however,theresultinglandbreezebecomesweakandbecomesmixedupwithotherthermalconvectionslikethermals.Thisstudyseekstoidentifyascalethresholdtodistinguishtheeffectsbetweenlandbreezeandthermals.Two-dimensionalsimulationswereperformedwiththeRegionalAtmosphericModelingSystem(RAMS)tosimulatethermalsandlandbreeze.Theirhorizontalscalefeatureswereanalyzedusingthewavelettransform.Thethermalsdevelopedoverahomogeneouslandscapeunderdryorwetconditionshaveaninitialscaleof2-5kmduringtheirearlystageofdevelopment.Thescalejumpsto10-15kmwhencondensationoccurs.Thesolutionofananalyticalmodelindicatesthatthereduceddegreeofatmosphericinstabilityduetothereleaseofcondensationpotentialheatcouldbeoneofthecontributingfactorsfortheincreaseinscale.Thelandbreeze,ontheotherhand,hasamajorscaleidenticaltothesizeofthelandscapeheterogeneitythroughoutvariousstagesofdevelopment.Theresultssuggestthattheeffectsoflandbreezecanbeclearlydistinguishedfromthoseofthermalsonlyifthesizeofthelandscapeheterogeneityislargerthanthescalethresholdofabout5kmfordryatmosphericprocessesorabout15kmformoistones.

简介：Officeautomation(OA)hasevolvedwiththedevelopmentofcomputerscience,improvingstaffefficiency.UnstructuredinformationprocessingisanimportantaspectofOA;therefore,inthispaper,weproposeanefficientmethodfordistinguishingscannedandrasterizeddocumentimageswhichcanbeusedinthisprocess.Toensuretheefficiencyandprecisionofourmethod,twostepsareincluded:rapidprocessingandclassificationusingnoisefeatures.Inthefirststep,color,skew,andisolatednoisefeaturesareusedtoidentifythesourceoftheimages.Inthesecondstep,noisefeaturesareextractedfromtheinputimageandasupportvectormachine(SVM)classifierisusedforclassification.Ourexperimentsshowthatourmethodhashighprecisionandspeedfordistinguishingscannedandrasterizeddocumentimages.

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简介：SophoraeFlavescentisRadix(SophoraflavescensAit.,SFR)andSophoraeTonkinensisRadixetRhizoma(S.tonkinensisGapnep.,STR)aretwocommonlyusedtraditionalChinesemedicinesfromSophora(Leguminosae)plants,whicharebelievedtopossesssimilarbioactivecomponentswithentirelydifferentclinicalapplications.InordertofindoutthecharacteristicchemicalconstituentspotentiallyleadingtotheuniquemedicinalpropertiesclaimedforeachofthetwocloselyrelatedTCMs,anHPLCfingerprintmethodwasdevelopedforanalysesofthealkaloidandflavonoidconstituentsofSFRandSTR,respectively,whichwerefurtherevaluatedandcomparedthroughsimilaritycalculationandhierarchicalclusteringanalysis(HCA).Theresultsfromthepresentstudyshowedthatthealkaloidfingerprintsofthetwoherbsweresimilar,withmanycomponentsco-existinginbothdrugsandvariousbatchesofsamplesfromdifferentspeciesbeingmixedtogetherintheHCAdendrogram.However,theirflavonoidconstituentsweretotallydifferentwithspecificfingerprintsbeingyieldedforeachherb,andfurtherHCAanalysisshowedthatthetestedsamplescouldalmostbeclearlydividedintotwogroupsbasedontheiroriginsofspecies.TheresultsfromthepresentstudyindicatedthattheflavonoidconstituentscouldserveasthedifferentiallydiagnosticconstituentsofSFRandSTRandmightpotentiallyattributedtotheirdistincttherapeuticeffects.