简介：Thetriangulationofredspriteswasobtained,basedonconcurrentobservationsoveramesoscaleconvectivesystem(MCS)inNorthChinafromtwostationsseparatedbyabout450km.Inaddition,broadbandsfericsfromthesprite-producinglightningweremeasuredatfivegroundstations,makingitpossibletolocateandidentifytheindividualcausativelightningdischargesfordifferentelementsinthisdancingspriteevent.TheresultsofouranalysesindicatethatthespriteswereproducedabovethetrailingstratiformregionoftheMCS,andtheirparentstrokeswerelocatedmainlyintheperipheralareaofthestratiform.Thelateraloffsetbetweenspritesandcausativestrokesrangesfromafewkmtomorethan50km.Inaparticularlybrightsprite,withadistincthalofeatureandstreamersdescendingdowntoanaltitudeofapproximately48km,thespritecurrentsignalidentifiedintheelectricsferic,measuredatarangeofabout1,110km,peakedatapproximately1msafterthereturnstroke.

简介：在认知语言学的原型理论下,介词above表示事物存在的方向和位置,具有典型的表示空间关系和方位的字面意义“在……上面”;同时介词above也含有很多延伸的隐喻意义,有些甚至具有否定的意义。以汉语为母语的学习者在学习介词above的字面意义和隐喻意义时都存在不同程度的难度,习得也不尽相同;同时以汉语为母语的学习者的语言水平也影响他们对这个介词的习得。较之语言水平较低的学习者,语言水平较高的学习者对介词above的字面意义和隐喻意义的理解和掌握更好。