简介：Asurveyof2,002unmarriedwomenunder24yearsofagewhorequestedabortionsinfourChinesecitiesindicatesthatreproductivetractinfection(RTI)hasbecomeamajorfactoraffectingthereproductivehealthofunmarriedwomenhavingabortions.

简介：ZouYan,female,researcher,majoringinevidence-basedmedicine,graduatedfromWestChinaSchoolofMedicine,SichuanUniversityandgainedadegreeofMedicalDoctor.Shehadbeenengagedinclinicalworkofobstetricsandgynecologyfortenyears.Currently,sheworksasHeadofWomenClinicalLaboratoryintheScientificResearchInstituteofNationalHealthandFamilyPlanningCommission,andamasterinstructorofDepartmentofObstetricsandGynecologyinPekingUnionMedicalCollege.

简介：AbstractObjective:Mifepristone (RU486), one of the most common medications for artificial abortion, attenuates the immunoregulatory effects of progesterone. However, the specific immune regulatory mechanism of RU486 in abortion remains unknown. We intended to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of RU486 on abortion.Methods:Sixty female mice were divided into the control group (0 mg RU486) and RU486 group (2 mg/kg RU486). The uterus, peripheral blood, and spleen were obtained for isolation of specific cell types. The population and phenotype of immune cells in the decidua, peripheral blood, and spleen were analyzed using flow cytometry. Statistical differences between groups were determined using two-tailed t-test. For all statistical tests, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:RU486 effectively induced abortion in pregnant mice, with a significantly higher number of decidual macrophages (dMφ) (control group = 25.55% ± 2.467%, RU486 group = 19.41% ± 1.423%; P < 0.05), especially the major histocompatibility complex IIhigh subset. No difference in Mφ number was observed in the spleen or peripheral blood. Moreover, the dMφ from mice with RU486-induced abortion displayed a remarkable activated phenotype, with increased expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin (IL)-12 but decreased expressions of arginase-1 and IL-10. We also found elevated levels of decidual CD4+ T-cells in the RU486 group that exhibited a higher level of the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-γ and a lower level of the anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10.Conclusions:We report a new mechanism of RU486-induced abortion via the regulation of innate cell Mφ activation and the adaptive response of CD4+ T-cells present in the decidua but not the periphery.

简介：AbstractObjective:To analyze the proportion of peripheral regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the expression of the immune checkpoint molecules T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) and CD226 on Tregs in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).Methods:The proportion of CD3+CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs and the expression levels of CD226 and TIGIT on Tregs in 30 normal pregnant women and 28 patients with RSA were determined via flow cytometry.Results:The proportion of Tregs in the RSA group (4.41 % ± 1.54%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (5.27% ± 1.52%, P = 0.0374). Compared with the normal pregnant women, patients with RSA showed decreased TIGIT expression (54.75 ± 9.70% vs. 63.07 ± 12.48%, P = 0.0066) and increased CD226 expression on Tregs (25.59% ± 8.22% vs. 20.46% ± 6.97%, P = 0.0168). The ratio of CD226 to TIGIT in the RSA group (0.48 ± 0.19) was higher than that in the control group (0.34 ± 0.15, P = 0.0027). The proportion of TIGIT+CD226+ Tregs was significantly lower in patients with RSA (9.30% ± 4.95% vs. 13.43% ± 4.72%, P = 0.0020) than in the controls.Conclusions:Patients with RSA show a reduced proportion of Tregs and an imbalance in the expression of TIGIT and CD226 on Tregs.

简介：Inthepresentstudy,theeffectofblockageofthecostimulatorysignalCD86attimeofimplantationontheexpressionsofTGF-β1,MMP-9,TIMP-3andPAI-1proteinsatthematernal-fetalinterfaceandtheoutcomeofpregnancyinmurineabortion-pronemodelwasinvestigated,inwhichtheCBA/JxDBA/2matingswereusedastheabortion-pronemodelandtheCBA/J×BALB/cmatingsusedasthenormalpregnantmodel.Thestudywasperformedinfollowingthreegroups:2groupsoftheabortion-pronemodel,whichwereexperimentalgroupandcontrolexperimentalgroup,and1groupofnormalpregnantmodel,andeachgrouphad10pregnantCBA/Jmiceexclusively.FemalepregnantCBA/Jmiceintheexperimentalgroupreceivedanintraperitoneal(i.p.)injectionof100μgofantimouseCD86mAbin200μlofPBSatday4.5ofgestation,andtheirrelevant-isotopematchedratIgG2bwasadministratedinthecontrolexperimentalgroupwiththesamedosageandatsametime.Forthenormalpregnantgroup,notreatmentwasgiven.ThepregnantCBA/Jmicewerekilledonday13.5ofgestation.Then,theembryoresorptionratewascalculatedandtheexpressionsofTGF-β1,MMP-9,TIMP3andPAI-1weredetectedbyusingimmunohistochemicalmethods.Itwasdemonstratedthattheembryoresorptionrateintheexperimentalgroupwassignificantlyreducedincomparisonwiththatinthecontrolexperimentalgroup(x2=7.441,P=0.006),buttherewasnosignificantdifferencewiththatinnormalpregnantgroup(x2=0.016,P=0.898).TheexpressionsofTGF-β1andPAI-1intheexperimentalgroupweresignificantlyincreasedincomparisonwiththatinthecontrolexperimentalgroup(P=0.010,P=0.003,respectively),withnosignificantdifferencefromthatinthenormalpregnantgroup(P=0.500).However,theexpressionofMMP-9intheexperimentalgroupwassignificantlyreducedincomparisonwiththatinthecontrolexperimentalgroup(P=0.012)withnosignificantdifferencefromthatinthenormalpregnantgroup(P=0.500).Theexpression