简介：AbstractBackground:The importance of identifying osteoporotic vertebral endplate or/and cortex fracture (ECF), which primarily includes endplate fracture (EPF) and vertebral anterior cortex buckling, has been recognized. However, some old traumatic ECFs with healing process in the elderly may be mistaken as osteoporotic. This study analyzes the radiological features of traumatic EPF.Methods:This was a retrospective analysis of 194 spine trauma patients with 263 vertebral fractures (mean age: 42.11 ± 9.82 years, 118 males and 76 females). All patients had traumatic EPF identified by X-ray/CT/MRI.Results:The involved vertebra was mostly L1 (29.7%), followed by T12 and L2. Except EPFs involved both superior and inferior endplates (12.6%), only 1.9% involved inferior endplate alone, with the majority involved superior endplate. If each endplate was divided into five segments of equal lengths (from anterior to posterior: a1, a2, m, p2, p1), the most depressed point of superior EPFs was mostly at segment-a2 (approximately 45%), followed by segment-a1 (approximately 20%) or segment-m (approximately 20%), and very rarely at segment-p1. The upper 1/3 of anterior vertebral wall was more likely to fracture, followed by middle 1/3 of anterior wall. For posterior vertebral wall fracture, 68.5% broke the bony wall surrounding the basivertebral vain. 58.6%, 30.0%, and 11.4% of vertebral fractures had <1/5, 1/5-1/3, and >1/3 vertebral body height loss. As the extent of vertebral height loss increased, the chance of having both superior and inferior EPFs also increased; however, the chance of having inferior EPF alone did not increase.Conclusion:Traumatic EPF features are characterized, which may help the differentiation of traumatic and osteoporotic EPFs.

简介：Objective:Thepurposeofthisexperimentalstudywastoexplorethemechanismofthevertebralosteophyteformation.Methods:Anexperimentalmodelofcervicalspondylosisinrabbitswasestablishedbyresectionofthecervicalsupraspinousandinterspinousligamentsanddetachmentoftheposteriorparavertebralmusclesfromcervicalvertebrae.Becauseofindividualdifference,Thenaturaldevelopmentprocedureofthevertebralosteophyteformationcouldbeseenwithamicroscopebydynamicobservation.Results:Thecartilageend-platewasdividedintoagrowthcartilagelayerandanarticularcartilagelayer.Vertebraeanddiscsfromthe3-monthcontrolgrouprabbitsshowednormalstructure.Thechangesofcartilageplatesfromthe3-montheexperimentalgroupandthe8-monthcontrolgroupanimalsshowedproliferationinperipheralarticularcartilage.Theosteophytesfromthe8-montheexperimentalgroupanimalscouldbeseen.Theosteophyteobviouslyarisedfromproliferation,calcificationandossificationoftheperipheralarticularcartilage.Conclusions:Thevertebralosteophytearisesfromproliferationofperipheralarticularcartilagewhichundergoescartilaginousosteophyte,andthenchangesintobonyosteophytethroughanendochondrqalcalcificationandossification.

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简介：ObjectiveBloodoxygenationlevel-dependentfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(BOLD-fMRI)wasusedtostudyactivationsignalsinthebraincortexevokedbytonestimulationinpatientswithtinnitusforitspotentialutilityasanobjectiveindicatoroftinnitus.MethodsBOLD-fMRIexaminationwasconductedin7patientswithchronictinnitusand15controlsubjects.Theactivationsignalinthebraincortexwasrecorded.ResultsSignificantactivationwasfoundintemporallobeincontrolsubjects,withgreatersignalvolumeandintensityonthecontralateralthanipsilateralauditorycortex(P<0.01).However,therewasnodiscernablepatternsintheanatomicallocation,volumeandintensityofcorticalactivationsignalsinpatientswithchronictinnitus.ConclusionsPatientswithchronictinnitusmayhaveabnormalneuralactivitiesintheauditorycortex.

简介：Thereisgrowingevidencesuggeststhatnoise-inducedcochleardamagemayleadtohyperexcitabilityinthecentralauditorysystem(CAS)whichmaygiverisetotinnitus.However,thecorrelationbetweentheonsetoftheneurophysiologicalchangesintheCASandtheonsetoftinnitushasnotbeenwellstudied.Toinvestigatethisrelationship,chronicelectrodeswereimplantedintotheauditorycortex(AC)andsoundevokedactivitiesweremeasuredfromawakeratsbeforeandafternoiseexposure.Theauditorybrainstemresponse(ABR)wasusedtoassessthedegreeofnoise-inducedhearingloss.Tinnituswasevaluatedbymeasuringgap-inducedprepulseinhibition(gap-PPI).Ratswereexposedmonaurallytoahigh-intensitynarrowbandnoisecenteredat12kHzatalevelof120dBSPLfor1h.Afterthenoiseexposure,alltheratsdevelopedeitherpermanent(>2weeks)ortemporary(<3days)hearinglossintheexposedear(s).TheACamplitudesincreasedsignificantly4hafterthenoiseexposure.Mostoftheexposedratsalsoshoweddecreasedgap-PPI.Thepost-exposureACenhancementshowedapositivecorrelationwiththeamountofhearingloss.Theonsetoftinnitus-likebehaviorwashappenedaftertheonsetofACenhancement.

简介：Bootloader设计是嵌入式系统开发过程中一个非常重要的环节，但是目前市场上Cortex—A8处理器所提供的Bootloader功能较少，且大多不开放源码。本文结合U—Boot源码包和S5PV210的硬件平台特性，设计了一种多功能、高效稳定的Bootloader，最后成功移植到Cortex—A8硬件平台上。测试结果表明，该Bootloader为后期系统移植及应用程序开发提供了大部分必要的功能，满足了设计要求。

简介：Transcranialmagneticstimulation(TMS)representsausefulnon-invasiveapproachtostudyingcorticalphysiology,inadditiontothedescendingmotorpathways(Hallett,2000),andmayalsobeusedtoinvestigatetheintracorticalfacilitatoryandinhibitorymechanisms.

简介：目的：观察推拿治疗椎动脉型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法：选取符合诊断标准的椎动脉型颈椎病患者157例，采用推拿治疗，每星期治疗3次，10次为1个疗程，治疗1～2个疗程。3个月后进行疗效的随访。治疗期间，暂停其他可能影响推拿治疗效果的治疗方法。结果：157例患者中，显效109例，好转26例，无效6例，失去随访16例，有效率86．6％。结论：推拿治疗椎动脉型颈椎病具有较好的疗效。

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简介：摘要：本设计实现了一种基于Cortex M3内核的SoC，将ARM微控制器控制灵活方便的优点与FPGA硬件并行处理的速度优势相结合，舍去与电机驱动控制无关部分，设计出一种完全面向永磁电机驱动的片上系统。该片上系统将FOC等较为复杂的控制算法通过FPGA来进行并行加速，具备了比传统单片机快几十倍的处理速度。

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简介：客观:在水下吃惊能生产极其高的加速，在腰部的脊骨是的舷侧，和人的thoraco上导致严重人的损害容易打手势由轮船吃惊受不了损害。观察年轻新鲜死尸的thoracolumbar的粘弹性，并且为研究和临床的实践提供biomechanical参数。材料和Methods:5新鲜年轻男死尸(22～31年)被提供，并且15thoracolumbar5件样品的针的解剖在1小时死亡以内被收获。WE-10A通用严峻的机器被用于爬并且松驰tests.Results:强调松驰并且爬变丑方程从biomechanics模型被导出，测量并且模仿的曲线被比较。在显著地展出的脊椎的身体和intervertebral磁盘的creep分别地在开始的5min和10min变化。压力很快在开始的2min减少了，然后逐渐地去了平衡在松驰过程期间。结论:变化在爬率在早舞台是重要的，并且逐渐地减缓down.This显示内部压力和本地压力之间的差别被减少直到平衡。从方程导出的模仿的曲线与试验性的数据与一致到大度，它声明方程合理、可靠。

简介：Tinnitus,thephenomenonofringingorbuzzingintheearswithoutanexternalsoundsourceisoneofthemostcommonlyreportedsymptomsinotorhinolaryngologyandaffects10–15%ofthegeneralpopulation.Modelshavebeendevelopedtoaccountforneuralbasisoftinnitus,itspathogenesisanditsconsequencesonmentalhealth(deRidderetal.,2013).Inmostcasestinnitusonsetfollowsapartialhearingimpairment.Peripheralsensorydeprivationduetocochleardamages

简介：Tinnitushasoftenbeenstudiedusingsalicylateinanimalmodelsastheyarecapableofinducingtempo-raryhearinglossandtinnitus.Studieshaverecentlyobservedenhancementofauditoryevokedresponsesoftheauditorycortex(AC)postsalicylatetreatmentwhichisalsoshowntoberelatedtotinnituslikebehaviorinrats.TheaimofthisstudywastoobserveifenhancementsoftheACpostsalicylatetreatmentarealsopresentatstructuresinthebrainstem.FourmaleSpragueDawleyratswithACimplantedelectrodesweretestedforbothACandauditorybrainstemresponse(ABR)recordingspreandpost250mg/kgintraperitone-alinjectionsofsalicylate.TheresponseswererecordedasthepeaktotroughamplitudesofP1-N1(AC),ABRwaveV,andABRwaveⅡ.ACresponsesresultedinstatisticallysignificantenhancementofampli-tudeat2hourspostsalicylatewith90dBstimulitoneburstsof4,8,12,and20kHz.WaveVofABRre-sponsesat90dBresultedinastatisticallysignificantreductionofamplitude2hourspostsalicylateandameandecreaseofamplitudeof31%for16kHz.WaveⅡamplitudesat2hoursposttreatmentweresignifi-cantlyreducedfor4,12,and20kHzstimuliat90dBSPL.Ourresultssuggestthattheenhancementchang-esoftheACrelatedtosalicylateinducedtinnitusaregeneratedsuperiortotheleveloftheinferiorcolliculusandmayoriginateintheAC.

简介：ARM公司近日正式宣布推出了全新ARMCortex-A7MPCore理器，ARM公司声称该款处理器将会是该公司有史以来推出的最节能的处理器。

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