简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheeffectofreleasingtheorbicularisretainingligament(ORL)complexoftheteartroughcombinedwiththetransconjunctivalblepharoplastyinthesurgicalmanagementofteartroughdeformitycomparedwiththeeffectofblepharoplastyalone.METHODS:Aprospective,randomized(byclosedenvelopetechnique),controlledsurgicaltrialwhichincluded50patients(100eyes)withbilateralvisibleteartroughdeformityandlowereyelidfatbulging,wasdividedintotwogroupswhere25patients(50eyes)hadteartrough-ORLreleasewithblepharoplastyand25patients(50eyes)didn’t.Qualitativeandquantitativeassessmentsofteartroughdeformityweredoneat6mopostoperatively,achievinggrade0or1ofBarton’sclassificationwasconsideredasuccess.Standardizedphotographicdocumentationofeachpatientwasdonepreandpostoperatively,alsoassessmentofthepatients’satisfactionpostoperativelywasdoneandrankedasexcellent,verygood,goodorfair.RESULTS:Therewasstatisticallysignificantdifferencebetweenthetwogroupsintheoverallaestheticresultspostoperativelyregardingthequalitativeandquantitativeanalysisoftheteartroughdeformity,wherepatientswhohadteartrough-ORLcomplexreleasehadmoresuccessfuloutcomesthanthoseofthesecondgroup.CONCLUSION:ORLreleaseshouldbedoneinpatientswithteartroughdeformityinordertoreleasethetetheringeffectofthisligamentwhichcausestheprominenceofthenasojugalgroove.

简介：Debrisflowsinnaturegenerallyfallintothreegroupsdistinctintheirgraincomposition:water-stoneflow,orsub-viscousdebrisflow,dominatedbycoarsegrains;muddyflow,dominatedbyfinegrains;andviscousdebrisflowcomposedofgrainsinlargerange.Liquid-phasevelocityandsedimentarydeliveryresistanceofsub-viscousdebrisflowhavebeendiscussedbasedonthecompositioncharactersofsub-andhigh-viscousdebrisflows.Itisrevealedthatthepresenceoffinegrainsplaysavitalroleinaffectingresistanceandaveragevelocity,particularlywhenthevolumefractionofgrainsintheflowisrelativelyhigh,i.e.Sv＞0.45.Grain-sizedistributionofviscousdebrisflowischaracterizedbyabimodalcurve,whichexplainsthepropertieslikehighdensityandlowresistancegradientofdebrisflows.Acalculationformulaisfinallyputforward,whichhastosomeextentovercomelocalitylimitsandachievedagoodagreementwiththefieldobservationsofdebrisflowsinSouthwestChina.

简介：ApreliminaryorganicgeochemicalstudyshowsthatthesulphideoresfromthehydrothermaldepositoftheOkinawaTrougharegenerallylowinthetotalorganiccarbonandextremelylowinthesolubleorganicmatter.Inthealiphatichydrocarbonfraction,then-alkanesrangefromC15toC35,withusualmaximainthemiddlen-C20regionandstrongodd-carbonnumberpredominancewhenn>C25(CPI=1.2).Thedominantanaloginthearomaticfractionisphenanthrene,apolynucleararomatichydrocarbon,whichprovidesevidenceforhydrothermalactivity.Theorganicmatterderivedmainlyfrommarineplanktonicandterrigenousvascularplantsisentrappedinahigh-temperatureregimesuchasanactivechimneyandcooledquicklyinthesulphideoresontheseafloor.Organicmatterandsulphidesaredefinitelyproductsofahigh-temperaturealteration.ThebiomarkercompoundsindicatethattheoresareformedunderlowEhandpHconditions梐reducingtoanoxicenvironment,whichisfavourableforsulphatestobereducedintosulphidesbybiogenic(bacterial)orabiogenicactivity.

简介：Thispaperconcernsthecalculationofthewavetroughexceedanceprobabilitiesinanonlinearsea.Thecalculationshavebeencarriedoutbyincorporatingasecondordernonlinearwavemodelintoanasymptoticmethod.Thisisanewapproachforthecalculationofthewavetroughexceedanceprobabilities,and,asallofthecalculationsareperformedintheprobabilitydomain,avoidstheneedforlongtime-domainsimulations.TheproposedasymptoticmethodhasbeenappliedtocalculatethewavetroughdepthexceedanceprobabilitiesofaseastatewiththesurfaceelevationdatameasuredatthecoastofYuraintheJapanSea.ItisdemonstratedthattheproposednewmethodcanofferbetterpredictionsthanthetheoreticalRayleighwavetroughdepthdistributionmodel.ThecalculatedresultsbyusingtheproposednewmethodhavebeenfurthercomparedwiththoseobtainedbyusingtheArhanandPlaistednonlineardistributionmodelandtheToffolietal.’swavetroughdepthdistributionmodel,anditsaccuracyhasbeenonceagainsubstantiated.Theresearchfindingsobtainedfromthisstudydemonstratethattheproposedasymptoticmethodcanbereadilyutilizedintheprocessofdesigningvariouskindsofoceanengineeringstructures.

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简介：AnonlinearBurgers’modelisusedtodescribeverticalinfiltrationofwaterintoanon--swellingsoilwithprescribedconcentrationconditionsattheboundary.Theexactsolutionisconstructedintermsofaseriesinvolvingcomplementaryerrorintegrals.

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简介：冲绳马槽(OT)是在在菲律宾的海板的subduction的影响下面的一个起始的传播阶段的背弧盆。在这研究，我们在OT分析了玄武岩的玻璃的geochemical作文并且在暗岩讨论了不同magmatic来源，进化，和subducted部件的效果。我们的结果证明OT的中间、南部的区域展出与一个充满铁的tholeiite系列一致的特征。当包括Nb在高地力量元素(HFSE)弄空时，踪迹元素比例遵循背弧盆暗岩，在包括Rb的大离子亲石元素元素(LILE)的富人，Ba，Pb，U，和Th的典型蜘蛛图模式特征，Ta，Zr，Hf，并且Ti。稀土元素元素(REE)的分发与由正确倾斜的轻稀土元素元素(LREE)的丰富也一致。充实的披风类型的增加我(EMI)材料以及披风异质可能在不同区域导致了丰富的可变的度。当斜长石的开发部分被限制时，中间的马槽的岩浆来源向辉石经历了结晶化，并且尖晶石和橄榄石的结晶化完全停止。同时，南部的OT岩浆来源的结晶化被橄榄石并且包括斜长石，辉石，和磁铁矿的形成统治(或titanomagnetite)。最后，这研究的结果证明在中间的暗岩的90%Th，在南部的暗岩的95%Ba，50%-70%Th和70%-90%Ba从subducted部件发源。不同subducted部件影响可以由于不同subduction地区是结构的特征。

简介：Threetyphooncasesareselectedtoconductaseriesofsimulationsthatareinitializedfromsequentialanalyses.Theresultsshowthattheforecasterrorincrucialareawhereatropicalcyclone(TC)interacteswiththeupstreamtroughishighlycorrelatedtothetrackforecasterroraftertheTCrecurvature.Furthermore,sensitivityexperimentsconfirmthatthedevelopmentsofthemidlatitudedownstreamcirculationsandthentheTCtrackafteritsrecurvaturearehighlysensitivetotheTCintensityanditslocationrelativetotheupstreamtrough,whichcangiveanexampleoronewayofsensitivityoftheTCtracktotheTC-troughinteraction.IftheTCinteractswiththeupstreamtroughmorestrongly(e.g.,theTCbeingintensifiedorgettingclosertotheupstreamtrough),thedownstreamcirculationswillbemoremeridional,thustheTCtrackwillbemorenortherlyandwesterly;otherwise,thedownstreamcirculationswillbemorezonal,andtheTCtrackwillbemoresoutherlyandeasterly.

简介：从在尼日利亚的南部的Benue马槽的三岩石层位学的继任的沙岩的Geochemical研究为沙岩的geochemical描述被承担，并且估计他们的stratigraphic和来源进化。主修，痕量元素数据从露头沙岩样品被获得。SiO2/Al2O3,Fe2O3/K2O比率和CaO内容被用来描绘白垩纪沙岩进Al富有、高、低的Fe2O3/K2O比率沙岩。结果显示有geochemical特征，从Asu河组，越过继任显示stratigraphic趋势Eze-Aku组到可以从不同来源地面暗示不连续的进化的proto尼日尔三角洲继任前寒武纪并且供应了沉积的中生代年龄。Asu河组沙岩有更低的SiO2,艾尔2O3,Fe2O3和更高的MgO；当proto尼日尔三角洲沙岩有更高的SiO2,艾尔22,CaO，碱和更低的MgO>O3,Fe2O3和更低的碱和CaO。这些断绝意味着在白垩纪时间期间影响了南部的Benue马槽的构造推动的影响。在TiO2/Al2O3,Fe2O3,Cr和Zr建议一逐渐地对有时间的depositional盆的mafic贡献。有时间的改变增加的化学索引，可能建议在内地的更强烈的捱过政体与时间发展了。

简介：Thispaperdescribestherelativecontentsofdominantdiatomspeciesandthedistributivecharacteristicsoftropicalpelagicspeciesanddiatomassemblages,andalsodiscussestherelationsbetweentherelativecontentoftropicalpelagicspeciesandKuroshioCurrentandbetweenthedistributionofdiatomassemblagesandmaterialsources.Theresultsshowthatthelimitof＞20%relativecontentoftropicalpelagicspeciesisbasicallyconsistentwiththedemarcationofKuroshioCurrent,andthatthedistributionsofdominantdiatomspeciesanddiatomassemblagesreservetherecordsoftheircloserrelationstomaterialsources.

简介：Insteady,solid-liquidtwo-phaseturbulentflows,thereexisttwotypicalpatternsoftheverticaldistributionofparticleconcentration.ThepatternIshowsamaximumconcentrationatanelevationabovethebed.ThepatternIIshowsanincreaseoftheparticleconcentrationdownwardoverthewholevertical,withthemaximumatthebed.MostofthetheoriesonparticleconcentrationdistributionhavebeendonewiththepatternII,anditislackofasuccessfultheorycovetingbothofthetwopatterns.Thispaperreviewstheparticledistributiontheories,includingthediffusiontheory,themixturetheory,theenergytheory,thesimilaritytheory,thestochastictheoryandthekinetictheory.Thekinetictheoryisalsoappliedtodescribetheverticaldistributionofparticleconcentrationinbothdiluteanddenseflows.

简介：Thepaperpresentsexperimentalstudyofdebrisflows.Theequilibriumconcentrationofsolidparticleintheflowisafunctionoftheenergyslope,densityofsolidparticleandkineticfrictionangleofparticles.Thekineticfrictionangleisafunctionofinternalfrictionangle,theconcentrationofsolidparticlesandthemaximumpossibleconcentration.Todeterminethefunctionbetweenthekineticfrictionangleandinternalfrictionangleistheaimofthisresearch.Flumeexperimentsofequilibriumconcentrationaboutparticlesinwaterandslurrywereconducted.Thelargedensityslurrymadethecoarseparticlesbeabletomoveinsmallslope.Thefunctionbetweenthekineticfrictionangleandinternalfrictionanglewasfoundfromtheseexperiments.Thecoarseparticlesandfineparticlesarewellmixed.D50demarcationlinewassuggestedinthispapertodemarcatethecoarseparticleandfineparticleofdebrisflows.TheequilibriumconcentrationofdebrisflowswascalculatedbyusingDs0demarcationforthedebrisflowsinfield.Theequilibriumconcentrationofdebrisflowscalculatedbythefunctionbetweenthekineticfrictionangleandinternalfrictionanglewasclosetotheequilibriumconcentrationdataofdebrisflowsinfield.

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简介：AheavyrainfalleventthatoccurredinShandongProvincein26-28August2004wascausedmainlybyTyphoonAereandcoldairactivitiesrelatedtoawesterlytrough.Theeventwastriggeredbyaninvertedtyphoontrough,whichwascloselyassociatedwiththeintensificationofthelow-levelsoutheasterlyflowandthenorthwardtransportofheatandmomentumintheperipheryofthetyphoonlow.AnumericalsimulationofthiseventisperformedusingthenonhydrostaticmesoscalemodelMM5withtwo-wayinteractiveandtriply-nestedgrids,andthestructureoftheinvertedtyphoontroughisstudied.Furthermore,theformationanddevelopmentmechanismoftheinvertedtyphoontroughandamesoscalevortexarediscussedthroughavorticitybudgetanalysis.Theresultsshowthattheheavyrainfallwasinducedbythestrongconvergencebetweenthestrongandweakwindswithintheinvertedtyphoontrough.Dynamiceffectsofthelow-leveljetandthediabaticheatingofprecipitationplayedanimportantroleinthedevelopmentoftheinvertedtyphoontroughandtheformationofthemesoscalevortex.Thevorticitybudgetanalysissuggeststhatthedivergenceterminthelowtroposphere,thehorizontaladvectionterm,andtheconvectionterminthemiddletroposphereweremaincontributorstopositivevorticity.Nonetheless,atthesamepressurelevel,theeffectofthedivergencetermandthatoftheadvectiontermwereoppositetoeachother.Inthemiddletroposphere,theverticaltransporttermmadeapositivecontributionwhilethetiltingtermmadeanegativecontribution,andthetotalvorticitytendencywasthenetresultoftheircounteractions.Itisfoundthatthechangetendencyoftherelativevorticitywasnotuniformhorizontally.Astrongpositivevorticitytendencyoccurredinthesoutheastofthemesoscalevortex,whichiswhytheheavyrainfallwasconcentratedthere.Theincreaseofpositivevorticityinthelow(upper)tropospherewascausedbyhorizontalconvergence(upwardtransportofvorticityfrom

简介：Thispaperfirstproposesanewapproachforpredictingthenonlinearwavetroughdistributionsbyutilizingatransformedlinearsimulationmethod.ThelinearsimulationmethodistransformedbasedonaHermitetransformationmodelwherethetransformationischosentobeamonotoniccubicpolynomialandcalibratedsuchthatthefirstfourmomentsofthetransformedmodelmatchthemomentsofthetrueprocess.TheproposednewapproachisappliedforcalculatingthewavetroughdistributionsofanonlinearseastatewiththesurfaceelevationdatameasuredatthecoastofYuraintheJapanSea,anditsaccuracyandefficiencyareconvincinglyvalidatedbycomparisonswiththeresultsfromtwotheoreticaldistributionmodels,fromalinearsimulationmodelandasecondordernonlinearsimulationmodel.Finally,itisfurtherdemonstratedinthispaperthatthenewapproachcanbeappliedtoallthesituationscharacterizedbysimilarnondimensionalspectrum.

简介：三个白垩纪岩石层位学的沙岩单位的Petrographic和geochemical分析被承担抑制他们的起源和构造背景。Petrographic分析证明在在三沙岩身体之间的作文有差别，它能在起源地势，运输距离和地面的地质学被归因于差别。在古地台内部领域以内的三岩石层位学的沙岩身体下降的作文。框架模式和化学特征从玄武岩的volcanics显示了他们的推导，源岩在早rifting期间火的源岩在东南地下室建筑群地面定位了的舞台，和felsic，中介和mafic，与次要的沉积部件从高举并且合拢了更旧的白垩纪阶层。沙岩的化学成分主要与源岩，化学捱过条件和运输代理人有关。源岩主要从尼日利亚的东南的前寒武纪的地下室被导出。通过沙岩的检查，构造背景被建模。Benue马槽属于被动边缘的沉积的盆打的一个大陆人。到马槽的Maastrichtain的从Albian的构造进化被贡献在框架模式和沙岩的化学成分的差别。盆的进化以沙岩岩石学和地球化学被重建。构造进化能从岩石学和地球化学数据被细分进三个阶段。第一个阶段盖住Albian；第二上演Turonian-Coniacian，并且第三上演Campanian-Maastrichtain。这些是在在这三个阶段之中的沙岩作文的三大断绝。这三断绝意味着tectonism的影响。

简介：Inthispaper,wepresentathreedimensionalnumericalinvestigationofheattransferinaparabolictroughcollectorreceiverwithlongitudinalfinsusingdifferentkindsofnanofluid,withanoperationaltemperatureof573Kandnanoparticleconcentrationof1%involume.Theoutersurfaceoftheabsorberreceivesanon-uniformheatflux,whichisobtainedbyusingtheMonteCarloraytracingtechnique.Thenumericalresultsarecontrastedwithempiricalresultsavailableintheopenliterature.AsignificantimprovementofheattransferisderivedwhentheReynoldsnumbervariesintherange2.57×104≤Re≤2.57×105,thetube-sideNusseltnumberincreasesfrom1.3to1.8times,alsothemetallicnanoparticlesimproveheattransfergreatlythanothernanoparticles,combiningbothmechanismsprovidesbetterheattransferandhigherthermo-hydraulicperformance.