简介:Objective:Establishnormativedatafortympanicelectrocochleography(TMECochG)parametersinnormalhearingadultswithoutMeniere'sdisease's(MD)symptoms.DescribeTMECochGvariablesthathelptodistinguishnormalfromMDears.Materialandmethods:Weenrolled100subjects(N?200ears),59females,agedbetween19and71yearsfrom09/2010to04/2014.Inclusioncriteria:normalotomicroscopy,hearingthresholds25dBnHLfrom250to4000Hz,normaltympanogram,nosymptomsofMDaccordingtotheAAO-HNS1995criteriaandGibson'sscore<7.Weexcludedsubjectswithdizziness,auralfullnessorothersymptomsofendolymphatichydrops.Thefollowingparameterswereanalyzed:SP/APamplituderatio,SP/AParearatioandthedifferencebetweenAPlatencywithrarefactionandcondensationstimuli.Results:Therewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenrightandleftears(Intraclasscorrelationcoefficient<0.6).SP/APamplituderatiovariedbetween0.084and0.356andSP/AParearatiobetween0.837and1.671(percentiles5and95).TheAPlatencydifferencetorarefactionandcondensationclickswasbetween0.0and0.333ms.Conclusion:NormativedataforTMECochGparameterswereestablishedin100normalhearingsubjectswithoutMD.Thesedatacanbeusedtodistinguishnormalfrompathologicalfindingsandinfollow-upofMDpatients.
简介:Anewthulium-dopedyttrium-aluminium-garnet(YAG)crystalwithvariedconcentrationsofTmwasgrownbyAnhuiInstituteofOpticsandFineMechan-ics,AcademiaSinica.Owingtoitssuperadvantagesofawiderangeoffrequenciesandhighefficience,thegarnetisconsideredtobeaneffectivetunableinfraredlasercrystalandmeetstherequirementsofcoherent
简介:WereportamonolithicTm:YLFmicrolaserinthisLetter.Inordertoimprovetherelaxationoscillationofthelaser,bothendsofthecrystalarecoated,makingtheTm:YLFcrystalitselfaresonantcavity.Themicrolaserispumpedbya792nmlaserdiodeoperatedinthecontinuouswave(CW)mode.Weobtainmaximumoutputpowersof7.78and10.4Watthetotalincidentpowerof43.6Wwithfocuslensesof37.5and40mm,respectively,correspondingtotheslopeefficienciesof25.6%and40.0%andtheoptical–opticalconversionefficienciesof17.8%and23.8%.Itisclearthattheamplitudeoftherelaxationoscillationissmallerandthebeamqualityisbetterwiththefocuslengthof37.5mm;however,thelaserwiththefocuslengthof40mmproducesahigheroutputpowerandamorestablewavelengthcenteringat1878.44nm.